Identification of anomalous fast bulk events in a p-type point-contact germanium detector

The ultralow detection threshold,ultralow intrinsic background,and excellent energy resolution of ptype point-contact germanium detectors are important for rare-event searches,in particular for the detection of direct dark matter interactions,coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering,and neutrinoless double beta decay.Anomalous bulk events with an extremely fast rise time are observed in the CDEX-1B detector.We report a method of extracting fast bulk events from bulk events using a pulse shape simulation and reconstructed source experiment signature.Calibration data and the distribution of X-rays generated by intrinsic radioactivity verified that the fast bulk experienced a single hit near the passivation layer.The performance of this germanium detector indicates that it is capable of single-hit bulk spatial resolution and thus provides a background removal technique.

Magnetic vortex gyration mediated by point-contact position

Micromagnetic simulation is employed to study the gyration motion of magnetic vortices in distinct permalloy nanodisks driven by a spin-polarized current. The critical current density for magnetic vortex gyration, eigenfrequency, trajectory, velocity and the time for a magnetic vortex to obtain the steady gyration are analyzed. Simulation results reveal that the magnetic vortices in larger and thinner nanodisks can achieve a lower-frequency gyration at a lower current density in a shorter time. However, the magnetic vortices in thicker nanodisks need a higher current density and longer time to attain steady gyration but with a higher eigenfrequency. We also find that the point-contact position exerts different influences on these parameters in different nanodisks, which contributes to the control of the magnetic vortex gyration. The conclusions of this paper can serve as a theoretical basis for designing nano-oscillators and microwave frequency modulators.

Distinction between critical current effects and intrinsic anomalies in the point-contact Andreev reflection spectra of unconventional superconductors

In this work,we discuss the origin of several anomalies present in the point-contact Andreev reflection spectra of（Li1-xFex）OHFeSe,LiTi2O4,and La2-xCexCuO4.While these features are similar to those stemming from intrinsic superconducting properties,such as Andreev reflection,electron-boson coupling,multigap superconductivity,d-wave and p-wave pairing symmetry,they cannot be accounted for by the modified Blonder–Tinkham–Klapwijk（BTK） model,but require to consider critical current effects arising from the junction geometry.Our results point to the importance of tracking the evolution of the dips and peaks in the differential conductance as a function of the bias voltage,in order to correctly deduce the properties of the superconducting state.

Doping Induced Gap Anisotropy in Iron-Based Superconductors:a Point-Contact Andreev Reflection Study of BaFe2-xNixAs2 Single Crystals

We report a systematic investigation on c-axis point-contact Andreev reflection （PCAR） in BaFe2-xNixAs2 superconducting single crystals from underdoped to overdoped regions （0.075≤ x ≤0.15）. At low temperatures, an in-gap sharp peak at low-bias voltage is observed in PCAR for overdoped samples, in contrast to the case of underdoped junctions, in which an in-gap plateau is observed. The variety of the conductance spectra with doping can be well described by using a generalized Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk formalism with an angle-dependent gap. This gap shows a clear crossover from a nodeless in the underdoped side to a nodal feature in the overdoped region. This result provides evidence of the doping-induced evolution of the superconducting order parameter when the inter-pocket and intra-pocket scattering are tuned through doping, as expected in the s± scenario.

Point-contact spectroscopy on antiferromagnetic Kondo semiconductors Ce𝑇T2Al10 (T= Ru and Os)

We have carried out point-contact spectroscopy(PCS)measurements on one family of antiferromagnetic Kondo semiconductor CeT2Al10(T=Ru and Os)with a Neel temperature´TN∼27.5 and 28.5 K,respectively.Their PCS conductance curves both exhibit a characteristic coherent double-peak-structure at temperatures below TN,signaling an AFM gap around the Fermi surface.The temperature dependent AFM gap∆1 follows a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer(BCS)-like mean-field behavior with a moderate gap anisotropy for PCS along different crystal axes.Another asymmetric gap-like feature is observed for both compounds at temperatures far below TN,which is consistent with opening of a new hybridization gap∆h inside the long-range ordered AFM state.Our results suggest a common itinerant nature of the anomalous AFM ordering,constraining theoretical models to explain the AFM origin in CeRu2Al10 and CeOs2Al10.

CDEX-1 1 kg point-contact germanium detector for low mass dark matter searches

The CDEX collaboration has been established for direct detection of light dark matter particles, using ultra-low energy threshold point-contact p-type germanium detectors, in China JinPing underground Laboratory （CJPL）. The first 1 kg point-contact germanium detector with a sub-keV energy threshold has been tested in a passive shielding system located in CJPL. The outputs from both the point-contact P＋ electrode and the outside N＋ electrode make it possible to scan the lower energy range of less than 1 keV and at the same time to detect the higher energy range up to 3 MeV. The outputs from both P＋ and N＋ electrode may also provide a more powerful method for signal discrimination for dark matter experiment. Some key parameters, including energy resolution, dead time, decay times of internal X-rays, and system stability, have been tested and measured. The results show that the 1 kg point-contact germanium detector, together with its shielding system and electronics, can run smoothly with good performances. This detector system will be deployed for dark matter search experiments.

Fermi surface gapping in the hidden order state of PrFe_(4)P_(12);by point-contact spectroscopy

We have applied point-contact spectroscopy(PCS) to investigate the nonmagnetic hidden order(HO) state of the skutterudite compound PrFe_(4)P_(12) with its transition temperature THO~6.5 K. Its point-contact conductance curves exhibit a reproducible gap structure in the HO state below THOand its temperature dependent gap magnitude follows a BCS-like mean-field behavior.A Fano-like conductance shape is observed to emerge below the coherence temperature of PrFe_(4)P_(12). In a magnetic field, the gap feature is gradually suppressed and evolves into a pronounced Fano peak, signaling the heavy fermion state and vividly demonstrating the competition between HO and the formation of heavy fermion states. Our results strongly suggest the itinerant characteristic of f electrons in PrFe_(4)P_(12), which constrains theoretical models to explain the HO mechanism.

Point-contact tunneling spectroscopy between a Nb tip and an ideal topological insulator Sn-doped Bi1.1Sb0.9Te2S

The lightly Sn-doped Bi1.1Sb0.9Te2S is a good material to investigate the pure topological surface state because the bulk bands are far away from the Fermi level. By measuring point-contact tunneling spectra on the topological insulator Bi1.08Sn0.02Sb0.9Te2S samples with a superconducting Nb tip, we observed the suppression of differential conductance near zero bias, instead of the enhancement due to Andreev reflection on the spectra. The fitting to the measured spectrum results in a superconducting gap of more than 4 meV, and this value is much larger than the superconducting gap of the bulk Nb. The gaped feature exists at temperatures even above the critical temperature of bulk Nb, and is visible when the magnetic field is as large as 9 T at 3 K. We argue that such behaviors may be related to the pressure induced superconductivity by the tip in the junction area, or just some novel phenomena arising from the junction between an s-wave superconductor and an ideal topological insulator.

考虑弹流润滑效应的三点接触球轴承刚度特性分析

为获得润滑状态下三点接触球轴承更为准确的刚度特性,应考虑弹流润滑效应对轴承刚度的影响。文中基于拟静力学模型考虑高速离心力和陀螺力矩效应,根据给定轴承的结构参数和工况,计算滚动体与内外圈的法向接触载荷和各部件的运动速度。将拟静力学模型的计算结果和润滑介质参数代入弹流润滑模型,求解出滚动体与内外圈之间的压力分布和油膜厚度分布。进一步研究了转速、轴向载荷和润滑油的初始黏度对油膜压力和最小油膜厚度的影响。基于弹流润滑理论分析了转速和轴向载荷对轴承接触刚度、油膜刚度及综合刚度的影响。结果表明:转速的提高会大幅增加润滑油膜的整体厚度;润滑油初始黏度的增大会增加油膜厚度;随着轴承转速的提高,轴承的整体轴向刚度和轴向油膜刚度减小;随着轴向载荷的增大,轴承轴向刚度和轴向油膜刚度增大,且差值变化不大。

点接触弹流摩擦副动特性研究

弹流油膜具有显著的弹簧、阻尼特性,对高副机械零件和系统的动特性具有重要影响。研究弹流摩擦副的动特性,揭示弹流摩擦副动力学特性的变化规律,对改进和提升整个机械系统的动力学设计具有重要意义。基于弹流润滑理论和机械振动学,建立点接触弹流摩擦副的摩擦学-动力学耦合模型,采用数值方法求解弹流摩擦副在简谐激励下的振动响应;通过简谐激励下弹流摩擦副的阻尼环识别出弹流摩擦副的刚度和阻尼,用参数控制的方法研究载荷、速度、材料参数及椭圆度等对弹流摩擦副刚度和阻尼的影响。结果表明:在研究的速度和载荷范围内,摩擦副的刚度和阻尼随载荷和椭圆度的增大而增大,随速度和材料参数的增大而减小,其中载荷对点接触EHL摩擦副的刚度和阻尼的影响最为显著,相比阻尼,摩擦副的刚度随载荷、速度和材料参数的变化幅度要大得多。在数值算例的基础上,给出弹流摩擦副的刚度和阻尼关于载荷、速度和材料参数的拟合公式。数值比较结果表明,给出的拟合公式具有满意的精度,可快速计算弹流状态下点接触摩擦副的刚度和阻尼。

考虑电磁-热-结构耦合的并沟线夹温升特性分析及验证

为更准确地研究并沟线夹的温升特性,分析了导线与并沟线夹之间接触点的实际分布特征,建立了并沟线夹的三维电磁、热、结构多物理场耦合模型。基于结构场分析线夹与导线安装和发生热膨胀后导线的接触压力,并计算接触电阻,通过电磁-热耦合得到线夹的电流密度及温度分布规律,探明最高温度的具体位置。分析了不同载流量与螺栓松脱程度对线夹最高温度的影响。研究结果表明:当电流流经并沟线夹系统时,导线与线夹本体接触点界面外侧的电流密度最大,造成的发热最严重;载流量越小,螺栓松脱对线夹的最高温度影响越小,反之,螺栓松脱对线夹的最高温度影响越大;相对误差在3%内,模型具有较高的准确性。

非稳态点接触EHL问题高效直接算法研究

发展了一种研究非稳态点接触弹流润滑(Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication,简称EHL)的快速直接算法。在弹流求解过程中,通过分析计算域网格离散的特点,对离散后的Reynolds方程采取按列分块、逐列求解的求解策略,使每个时间步长上求解的方程维数显著减小,从而极大地提高了计算效率。运用新算法获得了点接触EHL纯挤压工况下油膜和压力演变过程中的典型特征,证明了新算法的正确性;数值实验和比较证明,新算法具有复合直接迭代法无可比拟的高效率,与逐行迭代法相比,新算法也具有显著的、更高的计算效率,并且随着网格数量的增加,新算法的高效性愈加凸显。

光滑粒子法中的摩擦接触算法及其在含界面土体变形问题中的应用

光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,简称SPH)方法作为拉格朗日型的无网格粒子类方法,在固体极大变形问题的数值求解分析中具有显著优势。针对包含界面接触的固体大变形问题的SPH模拟,基于一种能改善边界精度的光滑粒子插值格式——有限粒子法(finiteparticlemethod,简称FPM),提出了一种新的点对体积的离散(point-to-volume discretization,简称PTVD)界面接触算法。该算法实际是将界面接触力等价转换为接触点附近两组粒子间的外部相互作用力。具体是根据接触界面特点将接触面两侧物体离散后的粒子划分为主体粒子和从属粒子,对于每个接触点附近的从属粒子,根据其影响域所包含的主体粒子情况确定该粒子与接触面的相对关系计算法向接触力,根据其影响域内两类粒子的相对切向速度和界面摩擦系数计算切向接触力。PTVD接触算法可避免界面粒子识别及精确模拟等相关的复杂接触力计算,充分体现了光滑粒子法的非局部特点。在利用经典界面接触和摩擦算例进行验证的基础上,将PTVD算法应用于颗粒土拟静力坍塌和弹体侵彻软土等涉及接触界面的大变形土力学问题SPH数值分析,结果表明PTVD算法在摩擦接触问题的SPH数值分析中具有有效性和广泛适用性。

基于移动激光点云的非接触式接触网参数检测方法

针对目前接触网参数检测存在精度低、效率低等问题,提出一种基于移动激光点云的非接触式接触网参数检测方法:基于预处理后的接触网点云实现接触线和接触网支柱要素的分类;基于连通性分析,实现接触网支柱单体化分割,并通过建立kd-tree数据结构提取定位点;最后根据定位点与轨面关系计算接触网导高、拉出值。结果显示,基于本文方法得到的接触网参数检测精度符合《接触网悬挂状态检测监测装置(4C)暂行技术条件》要求,验证了方法的有效性和准确性。

一类具有非线性出生率和饱和恢复率的随机SEIR传染病模型的动力学行为

研究了一类具有非线性出生率和非线性接触率的随机SEIR传染病模型的绝灭性、持久性与平稳分布问题。同时利用计算机数值模拟验证了所得结论。本文所得结果改进了相关文献的结论。

基于物质点法的白格滑坡堰塞坝形成过程数值模拟

为准确模拟堰塞坝的形成过程,在物质点方法中引入了滑动速度依赖型的摩擦系数模型,实现了滑面接触算法的求解,并与试验结果对比验证方法的可靠性。在此基础上,反演了白格滑坡堰塞坝的形成过程,探讨了滑床底摩擦对堰塞坝成坝模式的影响规律。研究结果表明:白格滑坡堰塞坝形成过程可分为滑坡体加速运动、河谷制动和堆积成坝三阶段。白格滑坡速度最大达到45 m/s且最大速度位于滑坡体后缘,而滑坡体前缘受到河床底部摩擦影响,速度不稳定,变化幅度大且比滑坡体后缘早20 s制动。不同滑面接触模式决定了滑坡最终堆积成坝的状态:若采用滑动速度依赖型的摩擦系数模型模拟,则能够真实反映白格滑坡堰塞坝堆积状态;采用滑面的峰值摩擦系数计算,则导致计算的白格滑坡运动距离减小了32%,不能形成完全堵塞金沙江的堰塞坝;而采用残余摩擦系数计算,则导致计算的白格滑坡运动距离增大了12%。研究成果对加深堰塞坝成坝模式的认识具有意义,对于滑坡堰塞坝链生灾害预测及防灾减灾应急抢险处置具有一定的参考价值。

点接触共轭渐开线蜗杆副啮合理论及性能分析

点接触共轭渐开线蜗杆传动可以降低蜗杆副对制造、装配等误差的敏感性,并能保证传动精度。基于微分几何和齿轮啮合原理,构建了含有制造和安装误差的点接触共轭渐开线蜗杆传动数学模型,研究了螺旋角、模数、压力角等主要设计参数对啮合性能的影响规律,并进行了传动副对制造和安装误差敏感性的研究。通过仿真实验验证了接触区的分布情况。研究结果表明,含有制造和安装误差时,传动副的瞬时传动比恒定;选取适中的螺旋角、较小的模数及较小的压力角会增大接触区的面积,提高传动副的重合度;传动副对制造和安装误差均不敏感,但应尽量减小或避免制造和安装轴交角造成的误差。通过仿真分析得到接触区和重合度与理论计算结果一致,验证了所提理论的正确性。

考虑轮轨多点接触关系的车轨系统地震响应分析

为研究地震作用下轮轨多点接触关系及其对车轨系统地震响应的影响,本文基于虚拟渗透理论分析了轮轨多点接触的几何关系,采用修正的Kik-Piotrowski方法和Kalker线性理论求解轮轨接触力,并建立了地震作用下考虑轮轨多点接触关系的列车-无砟轨道系统模型;以某高速铁路为对象,研究了车轨系统的地震响应及列车的行车安全性。研究结果表明:地震作用下轮轨之间会出现2点接触情况,次接触斑对轮轨接触行为具有重要影响;轮轨多点接触关系对地震作用下的轮轴横向力和脱轨系数具有重要影响,不考虑该多点接触关系会低估列车的行车安全性;车轮抬升量对地震动强度不是特别敏感。

基于Adams的圆弧-抛物线构型点接触齿轮动力学分析研究

以圆弧-抛物线构型点接触齿轮为研究对象,结合Adams动力学分析软件,深入研究了其动力学性能及相关特性变化规律。首先,基于空间曲面啮合基本原理,推导了圆弧-抛物线构型点接触齿轮的齿面方程,依据给定设计参数,建立了啮合齿轮副的三维模型;其次,基于Adams建立圆弧-抛物线构型点接触齿轮虚拟样机,仿真后得到齿轮法向接触力、周向力、径向力和轴向力的变化规律,对比分析了同参数、工况下圆弧-抛物线构型点接触齿轮和普通渐开线斜齿轮的法向接触力变化规律以及啮合刚度对齿轮法向接触力的影响。研究结果表明,圆弧-抛物线构型点接触齿轮的动态性能在一定程度上优于同参数、同工况下的普通渐开线斜齿轮,传动更平稳;啮合刚度对圆弧-抛物线构型点接触齿轮的动态性能有一定的影响,在合理的范围内啮合刚度越大,齿轮的传动越平稳。研究结论可为圆弧-抛物线构型点接触齿轮的设计提供依据。

表面粗糙度对滚珠式三叉杆万向联轴器弹流润滑性能的影响

为揭示表面粗糙度对滚珠式三叉杆万向联轴器润滑性能的影响机制,利用高斯随机粗糙表面来表征摩擦副实际接触表面,建立考虑表面粗糙度的等效点接触弹流润滑模型,采用有限差分法和多重网格技术求解Reynolds方程得到油膜压力和接触区弹性变形;通过ANSYS软件建立次表面应力有限元求解模型,分析表面粗糙度参数和表面纹理方向对联轴器弹流润滑性能的影响。结果表明:随着表面粗糙度均方根的增大,接触区内的油膜压力和膜厚波动幅值增大,同时次表面高应力区域逐渐向上表面移动接近接触表面层;随着波长因子的增大,接触区内的油膜压力呈现明显的纹理方向分布,次表面应力出现明显的波动;相较于横向表面纹理方向,纵向表面纹理方向对联轴器润滑性能的影响较大。