To Compare English Long Sentences And Chinese Long Sentences & Discuss How To Translate The Two Kinds of Long Sentences

In my paper, I compare the characteristics of English long sentences and Chinese long sentences, and I also talk about how to translate long sentences. There are at least two or three modifiers involving no less than one subordinate clause in an English long complex sentence. There are at least twenty words and three or four comparatively independent phrases that are connected together by meaning in a Chinese sentence. The differences between them are the rules of making sentences and the structure. In my paper I also talk about how to translate long sentences, and here are the rules: a) break the formal structure; b) reorganize every part according to the habits of the receptor language. If we can master the rules, we can translate the English and Chinese long sentences better.

On Translation of Long Sentences Based on the Novel-Of Time and the River

Of Time and the River is a famous novel written by American novelist–Thomas Wolfe who was a major American novelist of the early 20th century.His books are well received among Chinese readers.In the novel—Of Time and the River,we can find Wolfe’s frequent use of long sentences.In this paper,the skills of translating long sentences and the ways of analyzing sentence structures are discussed by several examples selected from the novel.Based on my own translation,we can find the importance of sentence structure analysis in translating long sentences.

Translation Strategies of Long and Difficult Journalistic Sentences From the Perspective of Semantic Translation and Communicative Translation Theory

Peter Newmark’s semantic translation and communicative translation theories play a guiding role in translation practice.Translating long and difficult English sentences into Chinese has been a focus of study among translators.The paper explores how to translate long and difficult journalistic English sentences into Chinese from the perspective of semantic translation and communicative translation theories,advancing four effective translating strategies for handling long and difficult journalistic English sentences:sequential translation,splitting translation,reversing translation,and recasting translation,so as to improve the readability and faithfulness of the Chinese version.

An Analysis of Translating Techniques of Long and Complex English Sentences

Long and complex English sentences, just as the name implies, are long sentences with complicated structures. The most typical features of this kind of sentences are the comprehensive use of different subordinate clauses and the flexible use of all kinds of prepositional phrases and participle phrases, which lead to complex sentence structures and varied constituent relationships, and bring great difficulties to English-Chinese translation practice. The paper concludes that, in the translation of long and complex English sentences, the translator should first figure out the logic relationship of the original text, and then, according to the Chinese expression customs, make a flexible use of various translation methods and techniques, and finally he can get a faithful and smooth translated text.

Translation of Long Sentences from English into Chinese Sense Groups as Units

随着经济全球化的发展,这个世界越来越需要文化交流.翻译是促进不同国家间文化交流的重要手段.一般而言,翻译是双语言之间的交换活动.翻译理论家奈达认为＂所谓的翻译是指在译语中使用自然而又最确切的对等语再现原语信息,首先在语义上,其次在文体上.＂因为英汉两种语言存在差异,所以这两种语言的转化不太容易.尽管关于翻译方面的书籍不少,但仍有深入研究的空间.这篇论文的目的就是拓展英语长句汉译的方法.这篇论文中的翻译法是在以意群为翻译单位的基础上发展而来的.

Functional Equivalence and Translation of English Long Sentences

Since English long possess a lot of modifiers and their syntax structures are complicated, it is difficult for the Chinese readers to understand them, not to mention translating them. The paper adopts Nida's theory of functional equivalence as the guideline in the process of translation, since it bears the merit of facilitating the communication of information. In terms of concrete methods, the long sentence should be decomposed into kernel sentences and reconstructed according to the expression of the standard Chinese language. Only by doing that, the translation version can be faithful, correct and elegant.

The Translation of the Long English Sentence

Among various English sentence patterns,long English sentences are the most striking representation of the feature of the English sentence pattern.In the practice of translation,people have suggested a number of approaches to tackle the translation of long and complex English sentence.

英语with复合结构赏析助力思辨性读写探索

作为英语中常见的一类复合结构,with结构聚合多重信息,体现英语长难句的特征。具有包容性、能动性和体验性的思辨性读写能力提升离不开对with复合结构的识别、推敲、加工和赏析。文中用具体实例分析with复合结构在表达复杂内容、传递多层含义等传情达意方面的独特功能,并且阐释英语with复合结构赏析助力思辨性读写的逻辑关系。为了能够精准地思辨性理解英语长难句,学习者需要捕捉英语语言微妙之处,品味语言魅力,养成语言输出时使用with复合结构的习惯,实现英语读写彼此促进、相得益彰。

基于长短期记忆网络的英语标题自动生成

为实现英文文本标题的自动化生成,研究一套基于长短期记忆网络的句子级LSTM编码策略,并在标题生成模型中引入注意力机制来获取英文文本的上下文向量,保留文本中的重要信息。在此基础上,通过负对数似然函数来对模型加以训练。最后通过Byte Cup 2018数据集对本文提出的英语标题自动生成算法进行实验,并通过过ROUGE-N指标对标题生成质量加以评价。实验研究发现,所提出的句子级LSTM编码方案在英文文本标题生成准确性方面相比于其他常规摘要生成模型来说具有显著优势。

高校机械专业英语教学方法刍论

机械专业英语既是机械类的专业课,又是英语类课程。机械专业英语的词汇、语法、阅读、写作等方面的教学要求,与公共英语既有重叠之处,又有明显的不同之处。为有效地开展机械专业英语的教学工作,高效利用课堂,使学生更好地掌握机械专业英语知识,提高机械专业英语的教学效果,教师应从词汇语法、长难句研读、写作等方面着重进行教学改革,以适应社会对机械专业人才的英语水平要求,提高学生的就业竞争力。

基于HNC理论的英语长句语义切分全局翻译优化

英语长句句式结构复杂,对机器翻译过程中的语义关联性分析产生干扰,影响机器翻译质量。为此,设计一种基于概念层次网络(HNC)理论的英语长句语义切分全局翻译优化方法。预处理英语长句特征语义块,构建句子逻辑与序列;基于HNC理论的句子语义切分算法切分英语长句,获取短句信息熵数据;采用自主适应匹配语义的非线性谱特征翻译短句,识别待翻译文本语义信息特征,调整翻译后的短句顺序,对其进行合成获得全局翻译结果。实验结果表明,该方法的切分准确率较高,可精准识别英语长句,具有较高的机器翻译质量。

运用“意群法”分析化工科技论文中的英语长难句

化工科技论文在国内外学术界具有重要地位,而其中英语长难句作为论文中常见的语法现象,一直以来都是学术研究中的一个难点和热点。文章运用“意群法”,对化工科技论文中的英语长难句进行理解和分析;采用语法结构、逻辑连接和语义含义分析的方法,深入理解这些长难句的含义和用法,并探索在科技论文中不同长难句的表达方式。文章结果揭示了不同类型的长难句在科技论文中的特点和应用;通过掌握长难句的表达方式和对其含义的理解,既可以提高论文的质量和效果,又可以增强读者对科技论文的理解和解读能力。因此,文章在分析化工科技论文的语言特点和优化论文写作技巧方面具有重要的理论和实际意义。

一种基于多维度语义增强的句子编码

问答系统、情感分析、文本分类等自然语言处理任务通常依赖于句子级语义表示,这种表示一般由句子编码器获得。现有句子编码器过度依赖句子对交互信息,忽略了句子本身包含的语义表征信息。为此,论文提出了一种基于多维度语义增强的双向LSTM和最大池化层次模型(MDSE)。首先使用自注意力机制捕捉句子内部的重要特征,然后利用字符级嵌入信息和词性信息组成多个细粒度的特征信息通道,最后将所有通道的输出共同作为句向量表示。实验表明,与其他深度学习方法相比,MDSE模型在三个公开的自然语言推理数据集得到了显著的性能提升。同时,下游任务实验进一步验证了该方法的句子表征能力。

基于句法结构特征的汉越神经机器翻译

在低资源神经机器翻译中,长句译文质量普遍不佳,而汉-越语言差异较大,是典型的资源匮乏型语种,对于长句的处理应尽可能保持句子语义信息不变。因此,提出一种基于句法结构特征处理长句的方法。首先,对原有语料库中长句进行句法树解析,然后,根据句法解析树提取短句和对远离根节点的叶子节点词进行标记,最后,对提取的短句进行反向翻译生成伪平行数据作为扩充,对原有长句中标记词进行与该词语义相近词的加权组合替换训练。实验表明,该方法提高了模型性能,显著改善了长句译文质量。

Restructuring and the Proper Syntactic Analysis

This paper aims to make it clear that syntactic analysis should be based on the lexical information given in the lexicon.For this purpose,lexical information of the syntactic argument is to be taken the form like[VP NKP,_,DKP,AKP]for the ditransitive verb give in English.The argument structure projects to syntactic structure.The NKP in this structure becomes VP-subject,but there is another subject called S-subject(Sentence-Subject)below S node.This amounts to Two-Subject Hypothesis for English.Between these two subjects,there intervene Conjugation-Like Elements,enriched by close examination of English verbal conjugation.Two-Subject Hypothesis perfectly accounts for peculiarities of the Expletive There(ET)construction.Restructuring can also explain the so-called Long Distance Wh-interrogative without introducing Wh-movement,and it can also explain why the imperative verbs are taking the base forms.It can also explain the characteristics of adjective imperatives by the same principles as applied to verbal imperatives.We try to deal with the other subtle problems,to get fruitful results.Restructuring approach,we think,provides more convincing explanations than the movement one.

On the Translation Strategies for English Business Contracts

With advancing of economic globalization and China's Reform and Opening up, the business relations between China and foreign countries are becoming frequent. Business contract is a binding text which is essential to bilateral economy interests.The translation of English business contract concerns both the interests of trade partners and countries, and it is also an important part of economic diplomacy. But in recent years, many inaccurate, unprofessional translation of English business contract can be seen in business circle. This phenomenon can mess up the market and lead to huge loss of economy benefits. So we can see clearly it is important for us to translate contracts precisely. To accomplish this goal, we must be guided with proper strategies. The thesis discusses the features of English business contracts and then tries to find the strategies for translating English Business Contracts.

融合LSTM的自然语言转结构化查询语句算法的研究与设计

自然语言转结构化查询语句(Natural Language to SQL,NL2SQL)是信息领域一个重要课题.目前前沿的NL2SQL工作都是针对英文数据集,而处理英文数据的方法直接应用到中文上往往难以取得很好的效果.本文首先对传统的SQLNet模型进行了改进,在其中融入了预训练模型,增强了其提取特征的能力;之后又分别对分类模型和条件值模型进行了改进:在分类模型中增加了LSTM进一步捕捉特征,在条件值模型中使用正则表达式等手段对特殊的条件子句进行了预处理.实验表明,本文对分类模型和条件值模型所做的改进都能有效提升模型的表达效果.

长期护理保险待遇的混合给付模式何以实现?——基于广州市的实证研究

在我国长护险推行的试点阶段,虽然部分试点开始了混合给付模式的本土化探索,但是单一的服务给付模式依然是不少城市的现行选择,这与国际主流的混合给付模式并不相符。对此,本文以广州市为研究案例,探讨我国长护险待遇的混合给付模式是如何实现的。研究表明,从单一的服务给付到灵活的混合给付,长护险待遇给付模式的转变是地方政府在试点模式下的探索。在路径依赖机制的影响下,“医保逻辑”和生产主义逻辑分别塑造了地方政府对服务给付和现金给付的偏好,广州市引入“替代型现金给付”的灵活混合给付模式,有效地促进了长护险政策目标的实现。广州市的案例表明,我国长护险的混合给付模式是可行且可取的。基于此,应当在国家的法律层面上把长护险设立为独立险种,降低长护险对医保的依附程度,构建起长护险的混合给付模式,并完善相关配套体系。

基于长句简化的中文开放关系抽取

目前中文开放关系抽取的主流方法是根据句法分析结果制定抽取规则进行抽取,这种方法严重依赖于自然语言处理工具的处理效果。当文本句子长度较长时,自然语言处理工具准确性较低,关系抽取质量也随之下降。因此,提出了一种基于长句简化的开放关系抽取方法。首先,基于序列到序列模型框架对文本中的长句进行化简;然后,利用词法和句法规则对化简后的各个子句分别进行关系抽取。长句简化部分,将BERT的双向Transformer结构作为序列到序列模型的主体,输入端通过BERT-WWM预训练模型获取句子的文本向量,解码器利用UniLM的Seq2Seq Mask机制进行解码。关系抽取部分,首先,根据依存句法分析结果抽取出主谓宾结构的基础关系数据。然后,再根据词法、句法信息对实体和关系词进行补充。实验结果表明,该方法有效提高了对复杂长句的开放关系抽取的准确率和召回率。最后,对抽取的关系数据进行了错误分析,并对错误种类进行了归纳,为以后的开放关系抽取研究提供了参考。

基于带噪预训练的刑期预测方法

刑期预测模型利用自然语言处理技术自动预测当前案件的建议刑期,对提高司法工作效率,维护司法审判的公平与公正,以及实现同案同判具有重要意义。现有的研究通常采用基于预训练语言模型的方法进行刑期预测建模,但由于存在裁判文书文本较长、专业性强及部分案由标注数据不足等问题,刑期预测任务依然具有较强的挑战性。针对上述问题,本文提出了基于带噪预训练的刑期预测方法。首先,根据刑期预测任务的特点,设计了融合罪名信息的刑期预测模型;其次,结合遮蔽语言模型(Masked Language Model,MLM)任务和自蒸馏策略减少刑期预测任务预训练数据中噪声的影响;最后,改进RoBERTa-wwm模型中的位置嵌入,增强模型的长文本建模能力。实验结果表明,本文提出的预训练方法能够极大地提升刑期预测任务的准确率,在小样本条件下也具有很好的表现。