We evaluated the role of pre-culture on survival rate of in vitro apple plants treated by thermotherapy. Two apple cultivars, Malusxdomestica cv. Pink Lady and Huafu, were used in the experiment and both have widely g...We evaluated the role of pre-culture on survival rate of in vitro apple plants treated by thermotherapy. Two apple cultivars, Malusxdomestica cv. Pink Lady and Huafu, were used in the experiment and both have widely grown in China and infected with Apple chlorotic leafspot virus （ACLSV） and Apple stem grooving virus （ASGV）. Results in growth and virus titer of apple plants did not exhibit clear trends during five different periods of pre-culture. Whilst, pre-culture increased the survival rate of the two cultivars during thermotherapy. The survival rate of plants pre-cultured for 13 d （P-13d） was 14 and 51% higher than that of P-ld plants for Pink Lady and Huafu, respectively. Moreover, pre-culture positively influenced regeneration of Huafu plants. The average survival rate of plants regenerated from P-ld and P-4d was 20% lower than that regenerated from P-7d, P-10d, and P-13d. The efficiency of virus eradication was determined by reverse-transcription PCR with two primer pairs for each virus, and the detection results showed that pre-culture scarcely affected apple virus elimination. Despite the fact that the two viruses were hardly detected at 5 d of thermotherapy, no virus-free plants were found in the two cultivars of regenerated apple plantlets after 30-d treatment.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to explore the virus elimination technique of Chrysanthemum morifolium′Shenma′.[Method]With C.morifolium ′Shenma′as the test materials,the virus elimination effects of shoot-tip treatment,...[Objective]The paper was to explore the virus elimination technique of Chrysanthemum morifolium′Shenma′.[Method]With C.morifolium ′Shenma′as the test materials,the virus elimination effects of shoot-tip treatment,shoot-tip with virazole treatment and shoot-tip with heat treatment were used to study the effect of virus elimination in the paper.The shoot-tips with the lengths of 0.2-0.3,0.4-0.5,0.6-0.8 and 0.9-1.0 mm were cultured by the shoot-tip treatment.A randomized complete blocks design was conducted to screen the best shoot-tip length and virazole concentration by shoot-tip with virazole treatment.The test-tube seedling were cultured by the method of variable temperature at day and night and stepwise temperature rising.ELISA test was used to identify the elimination efficiencies.[Result]The shoot-tip with the length of 0.4-0.5 mm was the best in shoot-tip treatment;the combination of shoot-tip length of 0.4-0.5mm and virazole mass concentration of 10 mg/L was the best in shoot-tip with virazole treatment;the shoot-tip with the length of 0.4-0.5 mm stripped after heat treatment for 45d was the best in shoot-tip with heat treatment.[Conclusion]The study provides an effective way for virus elimination in C. morifolium′Shenma′.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is a major global public health problem.In the Republic of Cyprus,the estimated prevalence of chronic hepatitis C(CHC)among the general population is 0.6%,while the CHC preva...BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is a major global public health problem.In the Republic of Cyprus,the estimated prevalence of chronic hepatitis C(CHC)among the general population is 0.6%,while the CHC prevalence among people who inject drugs(PWID)is estimated at 46%.Direct-acting antivirals that can eliminate HCV are not yet widely available in the Republic of Cyprus.However,when direct-acting antivirals become available,a long-term strategic plan to guide elimination efforts will be needed to maximize the effect of treatment.AIM To determine the programmatic targets to eliminate HCV in the Republic of Cyprus.METHODS A dynamic,stochastic,individual-based model of HCV transmission,disease progression,and cascade of care was calibrated to data from Cyprus.The model stratifies the population into the infected general population and the PWID population.A variety of test,prevention,and treatment strategies concerning the general population,PWID,or both were examined.The time horizon of the analysis was until 2034.RESULTS Under the status quo scenario,the model predicted that 75(95%confidence interval(CI):60,91)and 575(95%CI:535,615)liver-related deaths and new infections would occur by 2034,respectively.Launching an expanded treatment program,without screening interventions,would cause modest outcomes regarding CHC prevalence(16.6%reduction in 2034 compared to 2020)and liverrelated deaths(10 deaths would be prevented compared to the status quo scenario by 2034).Implementing a test and treat strategy among the general population but without any intervention in the PWID population would suffice to meet the mortality target but not the incidence target.To achieve HCV elimination in Cyprus,3080(95%CI:3000,3200)HCV patients need to be diagnosed and treated by 2034(2680 from the general population and 400 from PWID),and harm reduction coverage among PWID should be increased by 3%per year(from 25%in 2020 to 67%in 2034).CONCLUSION Elimination of HCV is a demanding public health strategy,which requires significant interventions both among the general population and high-risk groups.展开更多
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination by 2030, using direct-acting antiviraltreatments, has been promoted by the World Health Organization. Thisachievement is not attainable, however, particularly after the 2020 pandemi...Hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination by 2030, using direct-acting antiviraltreatments, has been promoted by the World Health Organization. Thisachievement is not attainable, however, particularly after the 2020 pandemic ofthe coronavirus disease 2019. Consequently, the more realistic objective ofeliminating HCV from population segments for which targeted strategies ofprevention and treatment are easily attained has been promoted in Europe, as avalid alternative. The underlying idea is that micro-elimination will ultimatelylead to macro-elimination. The micro-elimination strategy may target differentspecific populations and at-risk groups. Different settings, including prisons andhospitals, have also been identified as micro-elimination scenarios. In addition,dedicated micro-elimination strategies have been designed that are tailored at thegeographical level according to HCV epidemiology and individual country’sincome. The main elements of a valid and successful micro-elimination project arereliable epidemiological data and active involvement of all the stakeholders.Community involvement represents another essential component for a successfulprogram.展开更多
Vitis vinifera 87-1 plants infected by grapevine fleck virus(GFkV) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus(GRSPaV) were used as the plant materials for virus elimination treatment. This study evaluated t...Vitis vinifera 87-1 plants infected by grapevine fleck virus(GFkV) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus(GRSPaV) were used as the plant materials for virus elimination treatment. This study evaluated the effects of ribavirin at different concentrations(15 and 25 μg mL^(–1);R15 and R25, respectively), thermotherapy(37°C;T), and the combination of ribavirin and thermotherapy(R15+T and R25+T) on eliminating viruses from grapevine plants in vitro. Both R15 and R25 had phytotoxic effects and weakened plant growth. Thermotherapy positively affected the growth of grapevine plants. Plant height was significantly greater in T, R15+T, and R25+T than in CK, R15 and R25. The proportion of dead plants after T, R15+T, and R25+T was 51.4, 11.4, and 8.6%, respectively. The survival rates of regenerated plants after all treatments were >68.0%. Ribavirin concentration and treatment time were related to the regeneration of shoot tips and elimination efficiencies of the two viruses. The survival rates of plants after R15+T for 30, 40, and 50 days were 97.3, 90.7, and 74.4%, respectively. The elimination rates of GRSPaV from plants in the three time quantum were 55.6, 84.6, and 93.8%, respectively. The elimination rate of GFkV was 23.9% higher in R25(35/44) than in R15(25/45), and that of GRSPaV was 7.0% higher in R25 than in R15. The combination of thermotherapy and chemotherapy was found to have a positive effect on the eradication of GFkV and GRSPaV, and R25+T for 50 days was able to completely eliminate the two viruses from in vitro grapevines.展开更多
Over the past one year and three months, 150 out patients with COVID 19 have been treated with early initiation of Oseltamevir 75 mg × 2 [150 mg] twice daily, with azithromycin, cephalosporin [to give atypical ba...Over the past one year and three months, 150 out patients with COVID 19 have been treated with early initiation of Oseltamevir 75 mg × 2 [150 mg] twice daily, with azithromycin, cephalosporin [to give atypical bacterial cover, gram positive bacterial cover, respectively] enabling cure. Corona virus pandemic was enabled by global contraception/abortion [non evidence based non medical practice] with its blood/necrotic tissue environmental pollution-documented by rising environmental oestrogen/alpha feto protein/beta human chorionic gonadotropin. Global contraception abortion with its blood, necrotic tissue environmental pollution provides a rich environmental media for Corona virus-a fastidious organism to become pandemic, with recurrent mutations. Guaranteed elimination of this fastidious organism-corona virus [and other microbes like Ebola, Nipah…] by implementing many childbirths per mother [earth bus fare/ticket] as God ordained abolition of global contraception, abortion, one child policy/small family norms [jumping off cliff to fly-marred science] with its blood/necrotic tissue pollution, mandatory reversal of contraception. Steroids are deleterious in any viral infection, being immunosuppressants-secondary mucormycosis, other fungal [less virulent] infections can follow;corona virus itself can mutate, gain virulence, drug resistance;but prior contraception-destroying germ cells, prior abortion [destruction of tissue] in the victim host result in auto-immunity of corresponding gradations including fatal HLH [Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis], cytokine storm, requiring immunomodulation with plasmapheresis, steroids, hydroxychloroquine without much avail. Vaccine is live attenuated virus administered to our tissue, to elicit antibody response to the future viral invasion;inhaled virus elicits autoimmunity of varied gradations, [including fatal HLH] in the victim host, secondary to prior abortions/contraception [varied destruction of tissue, germ cells in the victim host];similar significant autoimmunity can be invoked in vaccine administered to tissue. Earth Bus Fare/ticket, many child birth per family as God ordained [with no menstrual blood pollution of mothers] leads to ozone generation, with ensuing unfailing monsoon rains, self sustaining ecology, zooming global economy, which increased longevity of life of parents, strengthened Earth’s magnet, absolute strong security preventing unmanned air vehicle robbery, non nuclear robotic war [remote control operations]. Whereas global abortion/contraception [one child policy, small family norms] [jumping off cliff to fly-marred science] with its blood/necrotic tissue environmental pollution results in inevitable emergence, drug resistance, [mutations] virulence of microbes including corona virus, ebola, nipah … inevitable ecological disasters namely-ozone depletion, tsunamis, hail storms, flash floods, tornadoes, oil fire, forest fire, … to name a few;global recession;early demise of contracepted/aborted parents.展开更多
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP)
文摘We evaluated the role of pre-culture on survival rate of in vitro apple plants treated by thermotherapy. Two apple cultivars, Malusxdomestica cv. Pink Lady and Huafu, were used in the experiment and both have widely grown in China and infected with Apple chlorotic leafspot virus （ACLSV） and Apple stem grooving virus （ASGV）. Results in growth and virus titer of apple plants did not exhibit clear trends during five different periods of pre-culture. Whilst, pre-culture increased the survival rate of the two cultivars during thermotherapy. The survival rate of plants pre-cultured for 13 d （P-13d） was 14 and 51% higher than that of P-ld plants for Pink Lady and Huafu, respectively. Moreover, pre-culture positively influenced regeneration of Huafu plants. The average survival rate of plants regenerated from P-ld and P-4d was 20% lower than that regenerated from P-7d, P-10d, and P-13d. The efficiency of virus eradication was determined by reverse-transcription PCR with two primer pairs for each virus, and the detection results showed that pre-culture scarcely affected apple virus elimination. Despite the fact that the two viruses were hardly detected at 5 d of thermotherapy, no virus-free plants were found in the two cultivars of regenerated apple plantlets after 30-d treatment.
基金Supported by Special Project for Forestry Industry in the Public Interest(200904050)
文摘[Objective]The paper was to explore the virus elimination technique of Chrysanthemum morifolium′Shenma′.[Method]With C.morifolium ′Shenma′as the test materials,the virus elimination effects of shoot-tip treatment,shoot-tip with virazole treatment and shoot-tip with heat treatment were used to study the effect of virus elimination in the paper.The shoot-tips with the lengths of 0.2-0.3,0.4-0.5,0.6-0.8 and 0.9-1.0 mm were cultured by the shoot-tip treatment.A randomized complete blocks design was conducted to screen the best shoot-tip length and virazole concentration by shoot-tip with virazole treatment.The test-tube seedling were cultured by the method of variable temperature at day and night and stepwise temperature rising.ELISA test was used to identify the elimination efficiencies.[Result]The shoot-tip with the length of 0.4-0.5 mm was the best in shoot-tip treatment;the combination of shoot-tip length of 0.4-0.5mm and virazole mass concentration of 10 mg/L was the best in shoot-tip with virazole treatment;the shoot-tip with the length of 0.4-0.5 mm stripped after heat treatment for 45d was the best in shoot-tip with heat treatment.[Conclusion]The study provides an effective way for virus elimination in C. morifolium′Shenma′.
基金the Onisilos Funding Scheme of the University of Cyprus.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is a major global public health problem.In the Republic of Cyprus,the estimated prevalence of chronic hepatitis C(CHC)among the general population is 0.6%,while the CHC prevalence among people who inject drugs(PWID)is estimated at 46%.Direct-acting antivirals that can eliminate HCV are not yet widely available in the Republic of Cyprus.However,when direct-acting antivirals become available,a long-term strategic plan to guide elimination efforts will be needed to maximize the effect of treatment.AIM To determine the programmatic targets to eliminate HCV in the Republic of Cyprus.METHODS A dynamic,stochastic,individual-based model of HCV transmission,disease progression,and cascade of care was calibrated to data from Cyprus.The model stratifies the population into the infected general population and the PWID population.A variety of test,prevention,and treatment strategies concerning the general population,PWID,or both were examined.The time horizon of the analysis was until 2034.RESULTS Under the status quo scenario,the model predicted that 75(95%confidence interval(CI):60,91)and 575(95%CI:535,615)liver-related deaths and new infections would occur by 2034,respectively.Launching an expanded treatment program,without screening interventions,would cause modest outcomes regarding CHC prevalence(16.6%reduction in 2034 compared to 2020)and liverrelated deaths(10 deaths would be prevented compared to the status quo scenario by 2034).Implementing a test and treat strategy among the general population but without any intervention in the PWID population would suffice to meet the mortality target but not the incidence target.To achieve HCV elimination in Cyprus,3080(95%CI:3000,3200)HCV patients need to be diagnosed and treated by 2034(2680 from the general population and 400 from PWID),and harm reduction coverage among PWID should be increased by 3%per year(from 25%in 2020 to 67%in 2034).CONCLUSION Elimination of HCV is a demanding public health strategy,which requires significant interventions both among the general population and high-risk groups.
文摘Hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination by 2030, using direct-acting antiviraltreatments, has been promoted by the World Health Organization. Thisachievement is not attainable, however, particularly after the 2020 pandemic ofthe coronavirus disease 2019. Consequently, the more realistic objective ofeliminating HCV from population segments for which targeted strategies ofprevention and treatment are easily attained has been promoted in Europe, as avalid alternative. The underlying idea is that micro-elimination will ultimatelylead to macro-elimination. The micro-elimination strategy may target differentspecific populations and at-risk groups. Different settings, including prisons andhospitals, have also been identified as micro-elimination scenarios. In addition,dedicated micro-elimination strategies have been designed that are tailored at thegeographical level according to HCV epidemiology and individual country’sincome. The main elements of a valid and successful micro-elimination project arereliable epidemiological data and active involvement of all the stakeholders.Community involvement represents another essential component for a successfulprogram.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFD1001800)the China Agricultural Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-29)。
文摘Vitis vinifera 87-1 plants infected by grapevine fleck virus(GFkV) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus(GRSPaV) were used as the plant materials for virus elimination treatment. This study evaluated the effects of ribavirin at different concentrations(15 and 25 μg mL^(–1);R15 and R25, respectively), thermotherapy(37°C;T), and the combination of ribavirin and thermotherapy(R15+T and R25+T) on eliminating viruses from grapevine plants in vitro. Both R15 and R25 had phytotoxic effects and weakened plant growth. Thermotherapy positively affected the growth of grapevine plants. Plant height was significantly greater in T, R15+T, and R25+T than in CK, R15 and R25. The proportion of dead plants after T, R15+T, and R25+T was 51.4, 11.4, and 8.6%, respectively. The survival rates of regenerated plants after all treatments were >68.0%. Ribavirin concentration and treatment time were related to the regeneration of shoot tips and elimination efficiencies of the two viruses. The survival rates of plants after R15+T for 30, 40, and 50 days were 97.3, 90.7, and 74.4%, respectively. The elimination rates of GRSPaV from plants in the three time quantum were 55.6, 84.6, and 93.8%, respectively. The elimination rate of GFkV was 23.9% higher in R25(35/44) than in R15(25/45), and that of GRSPaV was 7.0% higher in R25 than in R15. The combination of thermotherapy and chemotherapy was found to have a positive effect on the eradication of GFkV and GRSPaV, and R25+T for 50 days was able to completely eliminate the two viruses from in vitro grapevines.
文摘Over the past one year and three months, 150 out patients with COVID 19 have been treated with early initiation of Oseltamevir 75 mg × 2 [150 mg] twice daily, with azithromycin, cephalosporin [to give atypical bacterial cover, gram positive bacterial cover, respectively] enabling cure. Corona virus pandemic was enabled by global contraception/abortion [non evidence based non medical practice] with its blood/necrotic tissue environmental pollution-documented by rising environmental oestrogen/alpha feto protein/beta human chorionic gonadotropin. Global contraception abortion with its blood, necrotic tissue environmental pollution provides a rich environmental media for Corona virus-a fastidious organism to become pandemic, with recurrent mutations. Guaranteed elimination of this fastidious organism-corona virus [and other microbes like Ebola, Nipah…] by implementing many childbirths per mother [earth bus fare/ticket] as God ordained abolition of global contraception, abortion, one child policy/small family norms [jumping off cliff to fly-marred science] with its blood/necrotic tissue pollution, mandatory reversal of contraception. Steroids are deleterious in any viral infection, being immunosuppressants-secondary mucormycosis, other fungal [less virulent] infections can follow;corona virus itself can mutate, gain virulence, drug resistance;but prior contraception-destroying germ cells, prior abortion [destruction of tissue] in the victim host result in auto-immunity of corresponding gradations including fatal HLH [Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis], cytokine storm, requiring immunomodulation with plasmapheresis, steroids, hydroxychloroquine without much avail. Vaccine is live attenuated virus administered to our tissue, to elicit antibody response to the future viral invasion;inhaled virus elicits autoimmunity of varied gradations, [including fatal HLH] in the victim host, secondary to prior abortions/contraception [varied destruction of tissue, germ cells in the victim host];similar significant autoimmunity can be invoked in vaccine administered to tissue. Earth Bus Fare/ticket, many child birth per family as God ordained [with no menstrual blood pollution of mothers] leads to ozone generation, with ensuing unfailing monsoon rains, self sustaining ecology, zooming global economy, which increased longevity of life of parents, strengthened Earth’s magnet, absolute strong security preventing unmanned air vehicle robbery, non nuclear robotic war [remote control operations]. Whereas global abortion/contraception [one child policy, small family norms] [jumping off cliff to fly-marred science] with its blood/necrotic tissue environmental pollution results in inevitable emergence, drug resistance, [mutations] virulence of microbes including corona virus, ebola, nipah … inevitable ecological disasters namely-ozone depletion, tsunamis, hail storms, flash floods, tornadoes, oil fire, forest fire, … to name a few;global recession;early demise of contracepted/aborted parents.
