BRAIN INJURY BIOMECHANICS IN REAL WORLD VEHICLE ACCIDENT USING MATHEMATICAL MODELS

This paper aims at investigating brain injury mechanisms and predicting head injuries in real world accidents. For this purpose, a 3D human head finite element model （HBM-head） was developed based on head-brain anatomy. The HBM head model was validated with two experimental tests. Then the head finite element（FE） model and a multi-body system （MBS） model were used to carry out reconstructions of real world vehicle-pedestrian accidents and brain injuries. The MBS models were used for calculating the head impact conditions in vehicle impacts. The HBM-head model was used for calculating the injury related physical parameters, such as intracranial pressure, stress, and strain. The calculated intracranial pressure and strain distribution were correlated with the injury outcomes observed from accidents. It is shown that this model can predict the intracranial biomechanical response and calculate the injury related physical parameters. The head FE model has good biofidelity and will be a valuable tool for the study of injury mechanisms and the tolerance level of the brain.

College Students’Cognition of Internet Accidental Injury Insurance:A Case Study of Guangdong Province

To explore college students'understanding and satisfaction of internet accidental injury insurance,and to analyse the factors influencing college students'awareness and satisfaction of internet accidental injury insurance.836 college students in Guangdong Province were selected by stratified random sampling.They were investigated with the self-designed questionnaire"College Students'Cognition of Internet Accidental Injury Insurance(CSCIAII)".29.67%,52.18%,10.13%and 8.02%of the college students didn't know,knew a little,knew relatively well and knew very well about internet accidental injury insurance,respectively.The percentage of college students who were very satisfied with the internet accidental injury insurance,thought the internet accidental injury insurance basically met their own needs,think it was acceptable but needed to be improved,did not agree with and were not satisfied with it at all were 9.55%,16.82%,47.73%,11.82%and 14.09%,respectively.College Students’awareness of insurance is weak,and they do not pay enough attention to accidental injury insurance.The design,publicity and sale strategies of internet insurance products may be important factors affecting college students'understanding and satisfaction with internet accidental injury insurance.

Prevention and control of serious trauma and accidental injury in China: Timely but difficult

Serious trauma and accidental injury are the leading causes of death among people younger than 45 years old in China. Thus, the prevention and control of serious trauma and accidental injury are important for reducing these deaths. The concept is timely but difficult. Here, we review the current state of serious trauma and accidents in China and other countries, focusing on road accidents, and provide our personal perspectives and suggestions on how to prevent and control these serious injuries in China.

Analysis of Shahid Rajaee hospital administrative data on injuries resulting from car accidents in Shiraz, Iran： 2011-2014 data

Purpose： The administrative data from trauma centers could serve as potential sources of invaluable information while studying epidemiologic features of car accidents. In this cross-sectional analysis of Shahid Rajaee hospital administrative data, we aimed to evaluate patients injured in car accidents in terms of age, gender, injury severity, injured body regions and hospitalization outcome in the recent four years （2011-2014）. Methods： The hospital registry was accessed at Shiraz Trauma Research Center （Shiraz, lran） and the admission＇s unit data were merged with the information gathered upon discharge. A total number of 27,222 car accident patients aged over 15 years with International Classification of Diseases 10th revision （ICD-10） external causes of injury codes （V40.9-V49.9） were analyzed. Injury severity score and injured body regions were determined based on converting ICD-10 injury codes to Abbreviated Injury Scale （AIS- 98） severity codes using a domestically developed electronic algorithm. A binary logistic regression model was applied to the data to examine the contribution of all independent variables to in-hospital mortality. Results： Men accounted for 68.9% of the injuries and the male to female ratio was 2.2：1. The age of the studied population was （34 ±15） years, with more than 77.2% of the population located in the 15-45 years old age group. Head and neck was the most commonly injured body region （39.0%） followed by extremities （27.2%）. Injury severity score （ISS） was calculated for 13,152 （48.3%） patients, of whom, 80.9% had severity scores less than 9. There were 332 patients （1.2%） admitted to the intensive care units and 422 in-hospital fatalities （1.5%） were recorded during the study period. Age above 65 years [OR = 7.4, 95%, CI （5.0-10.9）], ISS above 16 [OR - 9.1, 95% CI （5.5-14.9）], sustaining a thoracic inJury [OR - 7.4, 95%, CI （4.6 -11.9）] and head injury [OR - 4.9, 95%, CI （3.1-7.6）] were the most important independent predictors of death following car accidents. Conclusion： Hospital administrative databases of this hospital could be used as reliable sources of in- formation in providing epidemiologic reports of car accidents in terms of severity and outcomes. Improving the quality of recordings at hospital databases is an important initial step towards more comorehensive iniurv surveillance in Fats, Iran.