Protoplasts derived from common wheat (Triticum aestivum L,. cv. Jinan 177) were fused with UV-treated protoplasts of Agropyron elongatum. (Host) Nevski by PEG method, and fertile asymmetric somatic hybrid plants rese...Protoplasts derived from common wheat (Triticum aestivum L,. cv. Jinan 177) were fused with UV-treated protoplasts of Agropyron elongatum. (Host) Nevski by PEG method, and fertile asymmetric somatic hybrid plants resembling wheat morphology were obtained. The F-2 hybrid plants could be divided into 3 types according to their morphology. Type I hybrids had high and loosely standing stalks with big spikes and grains. Type ii hybrids were dwarf and compact in shape with high tillering ability and smaller spikes. Type III hybrids were similar to type I as a whole but had more compact and erect spikes. All the F-2 hybrid lines were superior to wheat in seed protein content, although some difference existed between themselves. Protein analysis of immature embryos and flag leaves from hybrids by two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that they possessed characteristic proteins of both parents and some new proteins. There existed also some different kinds of proteins in different lines.展开更多
Wheat is a staple food crop in the world as well as in China. Because of the progress of wheat breeding and other agricultural ＂sci-technologies, the wheat grain yield per unit area has increased more than five folds...Wheat is a staple food crop in the world as well as in China. Because of the progress of wheat breeding and other agricultural ＂sci-technologies, the wheat grain yield per unit area has increased more than five folds from 1952 to 2006 in China. The first part of this article briefly reviews the history of wheat breeding in China. Second, the establishment of ＂Triticum aestivum-Agropyron＂ distant hybridization system and its contribution to wheat production and breeding in China are summarized. Finally, the future challenges of wheat breeding are discussed, which include how to increase the utilization efficiencies of water, soil nutrient and light energy through breeding. As an example, our research progress on how to increase light use efficiency in wheat through breeding is introduced and discussed.展开更多
We report the production and characterization of somatic hybrids between Triticum aestivum L. and Agropyron elongatum (Host) Nevishi (the synonym is Thinopyrum ponticum). Asymmetric protoplast fusion was performed bet...We report the production and characterization of somatic hybrids between Triticum aestivum L. and Agropyron elongatum (Host) Nevishi (the synonym is Thinopyrum ponticum). Asymmetric protoplast fusion was performed between Agropyron elongatum protoplasts irradiated with a low UV dose and protoplasts of wheat taken from nonregenerable suspension cultures. More than 40 green plantlets were obtained from 15 regenerated clones and one of them produced seeds. The phenotypes of the hybrid plants and seeds were intermediate between wheat and Agropyron eIongatum. All of the regenerated calli and plants were verified as intergeneric hybrids on the basis of morphological observation and analysis of isozyme, cytological, 5SrDNA spacer sequences and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). RFLP analysis of the mitochondrial genome revealed evidence of random segregation and recombination of mtDNA.展开更多
Particular attention has been paid to the donor-recipient method in the work of plant somatic hybridization. γ-or X-ray was generally used to irradiate one of the parents(donor) in order to obtain hybrids or asymmetr...Particular attention has been paid to the donor-recipient method in the work of plant somatic hybridization. γ-or X-ray was generally used to irradiate one of the parents(donor) in order to obtain hybrids or asymmetric nuclear hybrids. But no application of ultraviolet rays (UV) has been reported yet. In the field of somatic hybridization of cereals,展开更多
The chromosome constitution of hybrids and chromation patterns of Agropyro-nelelongatum(Host)Neviski in F5 somatic hybrid lines Ⅱ -1-3 and l-1-9 between Triticum aesti-vum L.and A.elongatum were analyzed.Based on the...The chromosome constitution of hybrids and chromation patterns of Agropyro-nelelongatum(Host)Neviski in F5 somatic hybrid lines Ⅱ -1-3 and l-1-9 between Triticum aesti-vum L.and A.elongatum were analyzed.Based on the statistic data of pollen omther cells,F5 l-1-9 and Ⅱ-1-3 had 20—21 bivalents with a frequency of 84.66% and 85.28%,of which,89.83% and 89.57% were ring bivalents.The result indicated that both hybrid lines were basically stable in the chromosome constitution and behavior.RAPD analysis showed that the two hybrids contained biparental and integrated DNA.GISH(Genome in situ hybridization)revealed that in the form of small chromosome segments,A.elongatum chromatin was scattered on 4—6 wheat chromo-somes near by the region of centromere and telomere in the two hybrid lines.SSR analysis in-dicated that A.elongatum DAN segments were distributed on the 2A,5B,6B and 2D wheat chromosomes in the hybrids,which was in accordance with the GISH results that small-segments intercalated poly-site.展开更多
文摘Protoplasts derived from common wheat (Triticum aestivum L,. cv. Jinan 177) were fused with UV-treated protoplasts of Agropyron elongatum. (Host) Nevski by PEG method, and fertile asymmetric somatic hybrid plants resembling wheat morphology were obtained. The F-2 hybrid plants could be divided into 3 types according to their morphology. Type I hybrids had high and loosely standing stalks with big spikes and grains. Type ii hybrids were dwarf and compact in shape with high tillering ability and smaller spikes. Type III hybrids were similar to type I as a whole but had more compact and erect spikes. All the F-2 hybrid lines were superior to wheat in seed protein content, although some difference existed between themselves. Protein analysis of immature embryos and flag leaves from hybrids by two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that they possessed characteristic proteins of both parents and some new proteins. There existed also some different kinds of proteins in different lines.
基金Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KSCXZ-YW-N-059 and KSCX1-YW-03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30330390 and 30521001)the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (No.2005CB 120904
文摘Wheat is a staple food crop in the world as well as in China. Because of the progress of wheat breeding and other agricultural ＂sci-technologies, the wheat grain yield per unit area has increased more than five folds from 1952 to 2006 in China. The first part of this article briefly reviews the history of wheat breeding in China. Second, the establishment of ＂Triticum aestivum-Agropyron＂ distant hybridization system and its contribution to wheat production and breeding in China are summarized. Finally, the future challenges of wheat breeding are discussed, which include how to increase the utilization efficiencies of water, soil nutrient and light energy through breeding. As an example, our research progress on how to increase light use efficiency in wheat through breeding is introduced and discussed.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30370857Trans-century Training Program Foundation for the Talents by the Ministry of Education in ChinaNational High Technology Research and Development Project No.2001AA241032
文摘We report the production and characterization of somatic hybrids between Triticum aestivum L. and Agropyron elongatum (Host) Nevishi (the synonym is Thinopyrum ponticum). Asymmetric protoplast fusion was performed between Agropyron elongatum protoplasts irradiated with a low UV dose and protoplasts of wheat taken from nonregenerable suspension cultures. More than 40 green plantlets were obtained from 15 regenerated clones and one of them produced seeds. The phenotypes of the hybrid plants and seeds were intermediate between wheat and Agropyron eIongatum. All of the regenerated calli and plants were verified as intergeneric hybrids on the basis of morphological observation and analysis of isozyme, cytological, 5SrDNA spacer sequences and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). RFLP analysis of the mitochondrial genome revealed evidence of random segregation and recombination of mtDNA.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Doctor Place Foundation of State Education Commission.
文摘Particular attention has been paid to the donor-recipient method in the work of plant somatic hybridization. γ-or X-ray was generally used to irradiate one of the parents(donor) in order to obtain hybrids or asymmetric nuclear hybrids. But no application of ultraviolet rays (UV) has been reported yet. In the field of somatic hybridization of cereals,
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30370857)Major Project of Ministry of Education in ChinaNational 863 High Technology Research and Development Project(No.2001AA241032).
文摘The chromosome constitution of hybrids and chromation patterns of Agropyro-nelelongatum(Host)Neviski in F5 somatic hybrid lines Ⅱ -1-3 and l-1-9 between Triticum aesti-vum L.and A.elongatum were analyzed.Based on the statistic data of pollen omther cells,F5 l-1-9 and Ⅱ-1-3 had 20—21 bivalents with a frequency of 84.66% and 85.28%,of which,89.83% and 89.57% were ring bivalents.The result indicated that both hybrid lines were basically stable in the chromosome constitution and behavior.RAPD analysis showed that the two hybrids contained biparental and integrated DNA.GISH(Genome in situ hybridization)revealed that in the form of small chromosome segments,A.elongatum chromatin was scattered on 4—6 wheat chromo-somes near by the region of centromere and telomere in the two hybrid lines.SSR analysis in-dicated that A.elongatum DAN segments were distributed on the 2A,5B,6B and 2D wheat chromosomes in the hybrids,which was in accordance with the GISH results that small-segments intercalated poly-site.
