Background:Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide and have become more difficult to treat over the years.Inappropriate antibiotic use has led to increased antibiotic res...Background:Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide and have become more difficult to treat over the years.Inappropriate antibiotic use has led to increased antibiotic resistance.Materials and methods:We examined 1921 urine culture samples from a single hospital and analyzed them for bacterial spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility.We further analyzed changes in the rates of detected bacteria and of the sensitivity of these uropathogens to antibiotics over the years.Results:In our hospital-based analysis,cystitis was the most frequently diagnosed UTI in women(76%)and men(79%).Escherichia coli(48%)was the most commonly identified uropathogen.Samples demonstrated an increase in the proportion of E.coli(p<0.001)and a decrease in Enterococcus faecalis(p<0.001)over the study time period.Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis showed an increase over time in the number of isolates with resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam(p<0.001)and to third-generation cephalosporins cefotaxime(p=0.043)and ceftazidime(p<0.001).Conclusions:Ampicillin/sulbactam and third-generation cephalosporins are antibiotics frequently used in the treatment of UTIs.When selecting an optimal antimicrobial treatment regimen for patients with UTIs,it is imperative to understand regional and timedependent differences in the prevalence of various uropathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns.Therefore,continuous surveillance of local pathogen and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for frequently used antibiotics should be prioritized.展开更多
Objective: To explore the antibacterial activity of combined use of Shuanghuanglian and cefoperazone sulbactam sodium on resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: The Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains which w...Objective: To explore the antibacterial activity of combined use of Shuanghuanglian and cefoperazone sulbactam sodium on resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: The Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains which were sensitive and resistant to cefoperazone sulbactam sodium were selected to prepare different test bacterial solutions respectively;The experimental liquid of Shuanghuanglian and Cefoperazone Sulbactam Sodium were prepared separately and set as different test groups and control groups;The Drug Sensitivity Tests of Shuanghuanglian and cefoperazone sulbactam sodium at different concentration gradients which were used alone or used in combination were carried out for different strains with sensitivity and resistance, And use standard entry as a reference control. Result: The results of drug sensitivity test of Shuanghuanglian combined with Cefoperazone-Sulbactam sodium against the resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared with the results of drug sensitivity test of the two separately used, and the difference was statistically significant (P 〈 0.05) [The drug sensitivity test results of Shuanghuanglian and cefoperazone sulbactam sodium to Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant strains were statistically significant compared with the drug sensitivity test results of Shuanghuanglian and Cefoperazone Sulbactam Sodium used separately (P 〈 0.05)];There was a dependence between strains and concentration in the effect of the combination of the two drugs. Conclusion: The combination of Shuanghuanglian and cefoperazone sulbactam sodium has synergistic antibacterial or bactericidal effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant strains. .展开更多
To develop near-infrared （NIR） reflectance spectroscopic methods for the quantitative analysis of cefoperazone sodium/ sulbactam sodium from different manufacturers for injection powder medicaments. Various powders ...To develop near-infrared （NIR） reflectance spectroscopic methods for the quantitative analysis of cefoperazone sodium/ sulbactam sodium from different manufacturers for injection powder medicaments. Various powders of cefoperazone sodium/ sulbactam sodium were directly analyzed by non-destructive NIR reflectance spectroscopy using the spectrometer EQUINOX55. Two quantitative methods via integrating sphere （IS） and fiberoptic probe （FOP） models were explored from 6 batches of commercial samples and 42 batches of laboratory samples at a content ranging from 30% to 70% for cefoperazone and 60% to 20% for sulbactam. The root mean square errors of cross validation （RMSECV） and the root mean square errors of prediction （RMSEP） of IS were 1.79% and 2.85%, respectively, for cefoperazone sodium, and were 1.86% and 3.08%, respectively, for sulbactam sodium; and those of FOP were 2.93% and 2.92%, respectively, for cefoperazone sodium, and were 2.23% and 3.01%, respectively, for sulbactam sodium. Based on the ICH guidelines and Ref. 12, the quantitative models were then evaluated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and model transferability. The non-destructive quantitative NIR methods used in this study are applicable for rapid analysis of injectable powdered drugs from different manufacturers.展开更多
目的通过蒙特卡洛模拟评价头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(CSL,2:1)对不同肾功能患者革兰阴性菌血流感染给药方案的合理性。方法应用琼脂稀释法测定CSL对革兰阴性菌的最低抑制浓度(MIC),并通过蒙特卡洛模拟(MCS)计算不同肾功能患者CSL不同给药方案对...目的通过蒙特卡洛模拟评价头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(CSL,2:1)对不同肾功能患者革兰阴性菌血流感染给药方案的合理性。方法应用琼脂稀释法测定CSL对革兰阴性菌的最低抑制浓度(MIC),并通过蒙特卡洛模拟(MCS)计算不同肾功能患者CSL不同给药方案对不同敏感性细菌的达标概率(PTA)和累积反应分数(CFR),评估给药方案的合理性。结果CSL对血流感染来源肠杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的MIC_(90)分别为32/16、128/64和64/32 mg/L。对MIC>16 mg/L的肠杆菌,对不同肾功能患者即使CSL以4.5 g q6 h 15 min输注,获得的PTA仍低于90%,CFR最高为77.82%,对产ESBL肠杆菌血流感染CFR仍低于80%。对ESBL阴性肠杆菌感染患者,CLCR>60 mL/min时,CSL 3.0 g q6 h(说明书最大剂量)、3.0 g q8 h、4.5 g q6 h和4.5 g q8 h 4种给药方案获得的CFR分别为90.2%、83.15%、91.4%和87.09%;CLCR≤60 mL/min时,所有给药方案均可使CFR大于80%。对鲍曼不动杆菌感染患者,当CLCR>60 mL/min,CSL各给药方案所获CFR均低于40%;CLCR为31~60 mL/min,CSL 4.5 g q6 h给药获得CFR为85.27%;CLCR为10~30 mL/min,3.0 g q6 h、4.5 g q6 h和4.5 g q8 h获得的CFR分别为88.05%、91.86%和82.61%;CLCR<10 mL/min时(非透析患者),各给药方案所获得CFR均大于80%。对铜绿假单胞菌感染患者,当患者CLCR在10~30或≤10 mL/min时,CSL以4.5 g q6h给药所获得的CFR分别为80.09%和81.68%。结论CSL治疗革兰阴性菌血流感染时,需要根据细菌敏感性和患者肾功能等情况制定个体化给药方案,目前推荐的给药方案可能存在剂量不足情况。针对鲍曼不动杆菌敏感性折点可能需要进一步调整。展开更多
文摘Background:Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide and have become more difficult to treat over the years.Inappropriate antibiotic use has led to increased antibiotic resistance.Materials and methods:We examined 1921 urine culture samples from a single hospital and analyzed them for bacterial spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility.We further analyzed changes in the rates of detected bacteria and of the sensitivity of these uropathogens to antibiotics over the years.Results:In our hospital-based analysis,cystitis was the most frequently diagnosed UTI in women(76%)and men(79%).Escherichia coli(48%)was the most commonly identified uropathogen.Samples demonstrated an increase in the proportion of E.coli(p<0.001)and a decrease in Enterococcus faecalis(p<0.001)over the study time period.Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis showed an increase over time in the number of isolates with resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam(p<0.001)and to third-generation cephalosporins cefotaxime(p=0.043)and ceftazidime(p<0.001).Conclusions:Ampicillin/sulbactam and third-generation cephalosporins are antibiotics frequently used in the treatment of UTIs.When selecting an optimal antimicrobial treatment regimen for patients with UTIs,it is imperative to understand regional and timedependent differences in the prevalence of various uropathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns.Therefore,continuous surveillance of local pathogen and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for frequently used antibiotics should be prioritized.
文摘Objective: To explore the antibacterial activity of combined use of Shuanghuanglian and cefoperazone sulbactam sodium on resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: The Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains which were sensitive and resistant to cefoperazone sulbactam sodium were selected to prepare different test bacterial solutions respectively;The experimental liquid of Shuanghuanglian and Cefoperazone Sulbactam Sodium were prepared separately and set as different test groups and control groups;The Drug Sensitivity Tests of Shuanghuanglian and cefoperazone sulbactam sodium at different concentration gradients which were used alone or used in combination were carried out for different strains with sensitivity and resistance, And use standard entry as a reference control. Result: The results of drug sensitivity test of Shuanghuanglian combined with Cefoperazone-Sulbactam sodium against the resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared with the results of drug sensitivity test of the two separately used, and the difference was statistically significant (P 〈 0.05) [The drug sensitivity test results of Shuanghuanglian and cefoperazone sulbactam sodium to Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant strains were statistically significant compared with the drug sensitivity test results of Shuanghuanglian and Cefoperazone Sulbactam Sodium used separately (P 〈 0.05)];There was a dependence between strains and concentration in the effect of the combination of the two drugs. Conclusion: The combination of Shuanghuanglian and cefoperazone sulbactam sodium has synergistic antibacterial or bactericidal effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant strains. .
基金National Key Technologies R&D Program Foundation of China (Grant No. 2006BAK04A11)
文摘To develop near-infrared （NIR） reflectance spectroscopic methods for the quantitative analysis of cefoperazone sodium/ sulbactam sodium from different manufacturers for injection powder medicaments. Various powders of cefoperazone sodium/ sulbactam sodium were directly analyzed by non-destructive NIR reflectance spectroscopy using the spectrometer EQUINOX55. Two quantitative methods via integrating sphere （IS） and fiberoptic probe （FOP） models were explored from 6 batches of commercial samples and 42 batches of laboratory samples at a content ranging from 30% to 70% for cefoperazone and 60% to 20% for sulbactam. The root mean square errors of cross validation （RMSECV） and the root mean square errors of prediction （RMSEP） of IS were 1.79% and 2.85%, respectively, for cefoperazone sodium, and were 1.86% and 3.08%, respectively, for sulbactam sodium; and those of FOP were 2.93% and 2.92%, respectively, for cefoperazone sodium, and were 2.23% and 3.01%, respectively, for sulbactam sodium. Based on the ICH guidelines and Ref. 12, the quantitative models were then evaluated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and model transferability. The non-destructive quantitative NIR methods used in this study are applicable for rapid analysis of injectable powdered drugs from different manufacturers.
文摘目的通过蒙特卡洛模拟评价头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(CSL,2:1)对不同肾功能患者革兰阴性菌血流感染给药方案的合理性。方法应用琼脂稀释法测定CSL对革兰阴性菌的最低抑制浓度(MIC),并通过蒙特卡洛模拟(MCS)计算不同肾功能患者CSL不同给药方案对不同敏感性细菌的达标概率(PTA)和累积反应分数(CFR),评估给药方案的合理性。结果CSL对血流感染来源肠杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的MIC_(90)分别为32/16、128/64和64/32 mg/L。对MIC>16 mg/L的肠杆菌,对不同肾功能患者即使CSL以4.5 g q6 h 15 min输注,获得的PTA仍低于90%,CFR最高为77.82%,对产ESBL肠杆菌血流感染CFR仍低于80%。对ESBL阴性肠杆菌感染患者,CLCR>60 mL/min时,CSL 3.0 g q6 h(说明书最大剂量)、3.0 g q8 h、4.5 g q6 h和4.5 g q8 h 4种给药方案获得的CFR分别为90.2%、83.15%、91.4%和87.09%;CLCR≤60 mL/min时,所有给药方案均可使CFR大于80%。对鲍曼不动杆菌感染患者,当CLCR>60 mL/min,CSL各给药方案所获CFR均低于40%;CLCR为31~60 mL/min,CSL 4.5 g q6 h给药获得CFR为85.27%;CLCR为10~30 mL/min,3.0 g q6 h、4.5 g q6 h和4.5 g q8 h获得的CFR分别为88.05%、91.86%和82.61%;CLCR<10 mL/min时(非透析患者),各给药方案所获得CFR均大于80%。对铜绿假单胞菌感染患者,当患者CLCR在10~30或≤10 mL/min时,CSL以4.5 g q6h给药所获得的CFR分别为80.09%和81.68%。结论CSL治疗革兰阴性菌血流感染时,需要根据细菌敏感性和患者肾功能等情况制定个体化给药方案,目前推荐的给药方案可能存在剂量不足情况。针对鲍曼不动杆菌敏感性折点可能需要进一步调整。
