Current natural products with antihypertensive activity

Natural products have been an important source of new drugs, which also played a dominant role in the discovery and research of new drugs for the treatment of hypertension. This review article reviews the recent progress in the research and development of natural lead compounds with antihypertensive activity, including alkaloids, diterpenes, coumarins, flavonoids, and peptides. We summarized their structures, sources, as well as the antihypertensive mechanisms. These information provides instructive reference for the following structural modifications and optimization.

Solid State Bioconversion for Producing Common Bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Functional Flour with High Antioxidant Activity and Antihypertensive Potential

The main objective of this investigation was to study the time effect during solid state bioconversion (SSB) on total phenolics content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AoxA) of common beans to improve antihypertensive functionality. Cooked cotyledons of dehulled common beans were inoculated with a suspension of R. oligosporus NRRL 2710 (1 × 106 spores/mL), and incubated at 35℃ for times of 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 and 108 h (after 108 h the cotyledons showed off odor). Flours from bioprocessed dehulled common bean from each incubation time were blended with their corresponding milled seed coats. The best time for producing bioprocessed common bean (added with seed coats) functional flour with the highest AoxA (ORAC value = 17,468 μmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/100 gsample, dw;ABTS value = 13,505 μmol TE/100 gsample, dw) was 108 h. The SSB process substantially increased TPC and total hydrophilic AoxA and antihypertensive potential of common beans in 2.24, 2.45 - 2.73 and 6769 times, respectively. Proteins hydrolyzates from unprocessed whole and bioprocessed (108 h) common beans had IC50 [concentration needed to inhibit 50% the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)] of 79.2 and 0.0117 μg/mL, respectively. The SSB is an efective strategy to improve the TPC of common beans for enhanced functionality with improved antioxidant activity and antihypertensive potential.

In vitro and in vivo antihypertensive and antioxidant activities of fermented roots of Allium hookeri

Objective:To evaluate antihypertensive and antioxidant activities of Allium hookeri root(AHR)fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum,Leuconostoc mesenteroides,and Weissella cibaria.Methods:The novel fermented AHR products using L.plantarum,L.mesenteroides,and W.cibaria were developed and ACE inhibitory activity,DPPH radical scavenging activity,hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,superoxide anion radical scavenging activity,total phenolic content,and total thiosulfinate content were determined.The antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of fermented AHR were further investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).Results:Administration of fermented AHR to SHRs had an attenuating effect on both diastolic and systolic blood pressure.The SHRs treated with fermented AHR showed lower plasma ACE activity and higher plasma NO levels.Furthermore,fermented AHR administration led to parallel improvements in plasma oxidative stress biomarkers in SHRs.Conclusion:Our results highlight the potential usefulness of fermented AHR for the prevention of hypertension.

Hairless canary seeds (Phalaris canariensis L.) as a potential source of antioxidant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and antiobesity biopeptides

Rising consumer concerns with synthetic drugs to treat non-communicable diseases(NCDs)have promoted a shift towards using natural biological active constituents that offer similar health benefits.Hairless canary seed(Phalaris canariensis L)is an emerging crop traditionally used in Mexico to treat NCDs.Peptides liberated during simulated digestion of canary seed protein are believed to be responsible for their biological activity;however,no studies have shown the effect of controlled protein hydrolysis using commercial proteases on canary seed protein’s biological activity.Therefore,this study aimed to explore the in vitro antihypertensive,antidiabetic,and anti-obesity activity of canary seed peptides derived from proteolysis with Alcalase®.Protein fractions were primarily composed of prolamins(54.07±1.8%),glutelins(32.19±3.18%),globulins(5.97±0.52%)and albumins(5.97±0.52%).The<3 kDa and 3–10 kDa peptide fractions showed the highest inhibition capacity(p<0.05)towards angiotensin-converting enzyme(IC50=0.028–0.032 mg/mL)lipase(IC50=2.15–2.27 mg/mL),α-glucosidase(IC50=0.82–1.15 mg/mL),and dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV(IC50=1.27–1.60 mg/mL).Additionally,these peptide fractions showed high antioxidant activity against DPPH(134.22–150.66μmol TE/mg)and ABTS(520.92–813.33μmol TE/mg).These results provide an insight into the potential development of functional foods using commercial enzymatic hydrolysis of canary seed proteins for treating hypertension,type-2 diabetes,and obesity.