Storage of biomass and net primary productivity in desert shrubland of Artemisia ordosica on Ordos Plateau of Inner Mongolia, China

Biomass and net primary productivity （NPP） are two important parameters in determining ecosystem carbon pool and carbon sequestration. The biomass storage and NPP in desert shrubland of Artemisia ordosica on Ordos Plateau were investigated with method of harvesting standard size shrub in the growing season （June-October） of 2006. Results indicated that above- and belowground biomass of the same size shrubs showed no significant variation in the growing season （p〉0.1）, but annual biomass varied significantly （p〈 0.01）. In the A. ordosica community, shrub biomass storage was 699.76-1246.40 g.m^-2 and annual aboveground NPP was 224.09 g-m^-2·a^-1. Moreover, shrub biomass and NPP were closely related with shrub dimensions （cover and height） and could be well predicted by shrub volume using power regression.

油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)对半干旱区沙地生境的适应及其生态作用

我国温带半干旱区沙地生境的主要特征是干旱少雨、沙源丰富和大风频繁 ,这种特定条件进化出我国特有的优良固沙植物———油蒿 .在长期的进化过程中 ,油蒿形成了独特的形态结构、生理特征和繁殖习性 ,能够很好地适应沙地环境 .油蒿群落不仅能够防风固沙 ,影响沙地生态系统的水分运移与分配 ,还能促进土壤的发育 .因此 ,油蒿在适应沙地生境的同时对沙地产生巨大的影响和改造作用 .油蒿群落对沙地生境的不断改造 ,推动了植物群落的演替 ,最终使流动沙丘转变为丰茂的植被 .

油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)抗旱生理生化特性研究初报

测定了宁夏沙坡头地区固沙植物油蒿体内活性氧自由基的变化、膜伤害的程度、抗氧化保护酶系统以及光合特性与叶绿素含量的变化 ,对油蒿适应干旱胁迫的机理进行了分析。结果表明 ,灌溉地油蒿的MDA、·O-2 、H2 O2 、脯氨酸的含量以及CAT、SOD的活性低于固定沙丘的油蒿 ,而植物体内蛋白质的含量、POD的活性高于固定沙丘的油蒿。固定沙丘油蒿中的Chla、Chlb含量和H2 O→PCIP电子传递速率低于灌溉地油蒿。因此 。

毛乌素沙地臭柏(Sabina vulgaris)和油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)群落的细根分布特征

用根钻法和细根分级的方法研究了毛乌素沙地臭柏群落、臭柏灌丛、油蒿群落的细根（D≤2 mm,D为根直径）垂直分布,并用渐近线方程Y=1-β^d[Y为从地表到一定深度的根量百分比累积值（0-1）,d表示土层深度（cm）,β为根系削弱系数]描述根系分布与土壤深度的关系。对不同径级臭柏、油蒿细根的β值、根长密度及根面积指数进行计算,结果表明：以15 cm为取样深度级,臭柏和油蒿群落活细根（D≤2 mm）的各月生物量平均值,在0-15 cm范围内最大,并且随土壤深度增加而减少。臭柏群落、臭柏灌丛、油蒿群落细根生物量垂直分布的β值差异不显著（P〉0.5）,但相应层次上的月平均细根生物量,臭柏群落是油蒿群落的6.7-14.6倍（P〈0.05）,臭柏灌丛是油蒿群落的14.0-19.2倍（P〈0.05）。D≤1 mm与1 mm臭柏群落〉油蒿群落。

油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)的化感作用研究

通过对鄂尔多斯高原毛乌素沙地油蒿(Artemisiaordosica)化感作用研究,发现油蒿茎叶的水浸提液对几种受体植物种子的萌发率、幼苗长和根长生长均有不同程度的抑制作用,随水浸提液浓度的增加抑制作用逐步增加;用油蒿茎叶水浸提液进行盆栽试验,受体植物的出苗率、苗高、根长和干物重也受到抑制,苗的形态也与对照有较明显的差异;在不同有机溶剂的水浸提液的萃取液中,乙酸乙酯萃取液对受体植物种子的萌发率、幼苗长和根长均有显著的抑制作用,形态差异明显;进一步对乙酸乙酯萃取液不同组分的生物试验表明,在洗脱出的3个组分中,其中的一个组分对受体植物种子萌发具有显著的抑制作用。经化学定性反应鉴定,此组分主要为黄酮类化合物。由此表明,油蒿具有一定的化感作用。

荒漠油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)根围AM真菌分布与土壤酶活性

于2007年10月在油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)集中分布区选取4个典型样地,分别从0～10cm、10～20cm、20～30cm、30～40cm和40～50cm土层采集根围土样,分离其丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌并测定了3种土壤酶活性。结果表明,在各样地0～50cm土层中油蒿根系AM真菌菌丝定殖率均很高,有典型的泡囊与丛枝结构。菌丝定殖率与泡囊定殖率呈显著正相关,但菌丝、泡囊和丛枝定殖率与AM真菌孢子密度和土壤酶活性之间都无相关性;孢子密度在不同样地及采样深度间差异明显,与土壤有机质、速效磷和速效氮含量都呈一定正相关关系。孢子密度与脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性有显著或极显著相关关系,与碱性磷酸酶活性之间的相关性受到土壤pH的显著影响。孢子密度的峰值出现在0～10cm表层土,并随土壤剖面深度增加而降低。土壤酶活性在土壤垂直剖面显示与孢子密度同样的规律。不同样地间AM真菌分布及油蒿根系定殖率的差异表明,油蒿与AM真菌之间有良好共生性,对维护荒漠生态环境系统结构的完整性具有重要意义。

沙蒿(Artemisia ordosica)水浸提液对4种伴生草本植物的化感作用

以生长在我国荒漠和半荒漠地区的特有植物沙蒿为供体植物,沙米、虫实、草木樨状黄芪、狗尾草为受体植物,研究了沙蒿根、茎、叶、种子水浸提液对受体植物种子发芽、幼苗生长以及根对NH+4和K+吸收的化感效应的差异,为沙区植被恢复中伴生杂草种类的选择提供理论依据。结果表明:沙蒿水浸提液对4种受体植物种子发芽和幼苗生长均具有显著的化感效应,沙米、虫实、草木樨状黄芪表现为抑制作用,狗尾草表现为促进作用。不同部位沙蒿浸提液的化感作用不同,根浸提液对沙米、虫实、狗尾草的化感效应最强,茎浸提液对草木樨状黄芪的抑制最强。不同植物种及植物的不同发育时期对化感作用的敏感性也不同,在4种受体植物中,沙米受抑制最强,其次为虫实、草木樨状黄芪,且随浸提液浓度增加而显著增强,而狗尾草具有一定的耐受力,表现为促进作用。沙蒿浸提液对受体植物根长的影响最强,其次是种子发芽、苗高和幼苗干质量。浸提液显著降低沙米、虫实、草木樨状黄芪根对NH+4和K+的吸收,增加狗尾草根对NH+4和K+的吸收。研究结果表明雨水淋溶是沙蒿向环境中释放化感物质的途径之一,化感作用在增强沙蒿生存竞争力,扩大种群过程中起着不容忽视的作用,可能是沙蒿单优势种群落形成的原因之一。

内蒙毛乌素沙地油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)挥发油成分的研究

由内蒙毛乌素沙地采集的油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)新鲜茎叶,经水蒸气蒸馏,所得淡黄色挥发油,含量0.43％。挥发油经GC-MS-DS联用分析,并根据气相色谱定量,鉴定出43种化合物。主要成分为α-蒎烯,β-蒎烯,β-顺式罗勒烯,茵陈炔及橙花叔醇。其中茵陈炔和茵陈二炔酮在蒿属植物中属不常见成分。这些化学成分的研究,将为探讨油蒿群落的化学生态学问题奠定理论基础。

Diurnal and seasonal dynamics of soil respiration in desert shrubland of Artemisia Ordosica on Ordos Plateau of Inner Mongolia, China

The diurnal and seasonal dynamics of soil respiration in the A. ordosica shrubland on Ordos Plateau were investigated in the growing season （May-October） of 2006 and their environmental driving factors were also analyzed, Results indicated that diurnal dynamics of soil respiration rate and its temperature dependence showed some discrepancy in two different growth stages （the vegetative growth stage and the reproductive growth stage）. During the vegetative growth stage, the diurnal variation of soil respiration was slight and not correlated with the daily temperature change, but during the reproductive growth stage, the daily respiration variation was relatively large and significantly correlated with the diurnal variation of air and soil temperature. In the growing season, the peak value of soil respiration occurred at July and August because of the better soil water-heat conditions and their optimal deployment in this period. In the shrubland ecosystem, precipitation was the switch of soil respiration pulses and can greatly increase soil respiration rates after soil rewetting. Moreover, the soil respiration rates in the growing season and the air temperature and soil surface water content were closely correlated （p〈0.05） each other. The stepwise regression model indicated that the variation of soil surface moisture accounted for 41.9% of the variation in soil respiration （p〈0.05）.

毛乌素沙地油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)根围AM真菌的时空分布研究

【目的】阐明荒漠地区AM真菌生态作用及其与沙生植物的互作关系,为AM真菌资源的合理利用及荒漠环境的恢复提供理论依据。【方法】在毛乌素沙地东北缘的中国科学院植物研究所鄂尔多斯沙地草地生态站设立样地,于2007年4,8和10月,采集油蒿（Artemisia ordosica）根围0-10,10-20,20-30,30-40和40-50 cm土层土样,分离其丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM）真菌并测定相关土壤因子,系统研究油蒿根围AM真菌的时空分布。【结果】AM真菌在油蒿根系的总定殖率（86.9%）和丛枝定殖率（24.8%）均较高,说明二者间有良好的共生性;油蒿根围AM真菌孢子密度和定殖率随季节和土壤深度的变化而具有明显的时空性差异,并与土壤微环境显著相关。油蒿根围0-40 cm土层的菌丝定殖率和泡囊定殖率均较高且无显著变化,丛枝定殖率以30-40 cm土层较大。AM真菌孢子密度、土壤养分及土壤酶活性最大值均出现在0-20 cm土层,并随土壤深度增加而递减。AM真菌孢子密度、土壤速效磷含量、速效氮含量及土壤酶活性均随时间积累而增加,于10月份达到最大值。AM真菌孢子密度与土壤速效磷含量及磷酸酶活性呈显著正相关,丛枝定殖率与有机质含量、速效氮含量及土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶的活性均呈显著负相关,仅与pH显著正相关。【结论】AM真菌对提高寄主植物抵御外界干扰的能力维护荒漠土壤生态系统结构的完整性和功能稳定性具有重要意义。

Biological soil crust distribution in Artemisia ordosica communities along a grazing pressure gradient in Mu Us Sandy Land, Northern China

This study investigated the distribution pattern of biological soil crust （BSC） in Artemisia ordosica communities in Mu Us Sandy Land. Three experimental sites were selected according to grazing pressure gradient. In each experimental site, the total vegetation cover, A. ordosica cover, BSC cover, litter-fall cover, BSC degree of fragmentation, BSC thickness and soil properties were investigated in both fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes and simultaneously analyzed in the laboratory. The results showed that at the same grazing pressure, BSC cover and composition were significantly affected by the fixation degree of sand dunes. In addition, BSC cover in the fixed sand dunes was 83.74% on average, whereas it is proportionally dominated by 28% mosses, 21% lichens, and 51% algae. Meanwhile, BSC cover in the semi-fixed sand dunes was 23.54% on average, which is proportionally domi- nated by 6.3% mosses, 2.5% lichens, and 91.2% algae. Fine sand, organic matter, and total nitrogen （N） contents in the fixed sand dunes were all significantly higher than those in the semi-fixed sand dunes. Litter-fall cover de- creased along the grazing pressure gradient, whereas BSC fragmentation degree increased. Fine sand content decreased along with the increase of grazing pressure, whereas medium sand content increased in both fixed and semi-fixed dunes. The organic matter and total N contents in the no grazing site were significantly higher than those in light and normal grazing sites. However, there were no significant differences between the light and normal grazing sites. In addition, there were also no significant differences in BSC thickness between the light and normal grazing sites in the fixed sand dunes. However, a significant decrease was observed in both BSC cover and thick- ness in the normal grazing site. The BSC in the semi-fixed dunes was more sensitive to disturbance.

Isolation and Identification of Capillarin from Artemisia Ordosica Kraschen

Capillarin was isolated from Artemisia Ordosica Kraschen and characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1H-1HCOSY, HMQC, HMBC and EIMS, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis with the following data: triclinic, space group P1, Z = 2, a = 7.226(6), b = 7.297(6), c = 11.042(8) ?, α = 74.695(12), β = 78.479(12), γ = 62.063(10)°, V = 494.2(6) ?3, Mr = 198.21, Dc = 1.332 g/cm3, F(000) = 208, μ = 0.089 mm-1, S = 1.023, (?/σ)max = 0.000, the final R = 0.0408 and wR = 0.1110. The largest peak and deepest hole on the final difference Fourier map are 0.219 and –0.161 e/?3, respectively. The bond lengths and bond angles of the molecule are also given.

荒漠草原油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)种群的空间分布格局特征

油蒿是荒漠草原常见的一种植被,其在荒漠草原生态系统恢复与重建中有非常重要的作用。现在调查荒漠草原围封条件下油蒿种群的空间分布格局基础上,应用Ripley’s K（t）系数法对油蒿种群的空间格局及不同龄级的空间关联性进行了分析研究。结果表明：围封条件下油蒿种群基本属于稳定型种群,但由于幼小级个体偏少,可能会影响到该区域油蒿种群的发展。在0-12m的空间尺度下油蒿种群是显著聚集的,不同龄级油蒿聚集的强度和尺度有所不同,随着龄级的增大,油蒿种群的聚集强度逐渐减弱。油蒿种群在不同的发育阶段的空间关联性不同,相邻的发育阶段之间在小尺度上关联性较强;随着尺度的增加,相邻的发育阶段之间关联性有减弱的趋势;随着种群的发育,相邻的发育阶段之间关联性有减弱的趋势,这说明油蒿种群的空间分布和空间关联是一致的。

Wind-proof and sand-fixing effects of Artemisia ordosica with different coverages in the Mu Us Sandy Land,northern China

Wind erosion is a key global environmental problem and has many adverse effects.The Mu Us Sandy Land of northern China is characterized by an arid climate,where vegetation patches and bare sand patches are usually distributed mosaically,and aeolian activities occur frequently.Vegetation plays a significant role in controlling wind erosion.Artemisia ordosica is the most dominant native plant species in the Mu Us Sandy Land.It is urgent to study the wind-proof and sand-fixing effects of Artemisia ordosica in the Mu Us Sandy Land.This study analyzed the wind-proof and sand-fixing effects of Artemisia ordosica based on the field data of wind regimes,aeolian sediment transport,and surface change of Artemisia ordosica plots with four coverages(denoted as site A,site B,site C,and site D)in the Mu Us Sandy Land during the period from 1 June 2018 to 29 June 2019.The coverages of Artemisia ordosica at site A,site B,site C,and site D were 2%,16%,29%,and 69%,respectively.The annual average wind speeds at 2.0 m height above the ground for site A,site B,site C,and site D were 3.47,2.77,2.21,and 1.97 m/s,respectively.The annual drift potentials were 193.80,69.72,15.05,and 6.73 VU at site A,site B,site C,and site D,respectively.The total horizontal aeolian sediment fluxes during the period from 2-3 June 2018 to 6 June 2019 at site A,site B,site C,and site D were 4633.61,896.80,10.54,and 6.14 kg/m,respectively.Site A had the largest surface changes,and the surface changes at site B were significantly weaker than those at site A,whereas the surface changes at site C and site D were minimal.The results indicated that Artemisia ordosica significantly reduced the wind speed,drift potential,aeolian sediment transport,and surface changes.The higher the coverage of Artemisia ordosica is,the more obvious the effects of wind-proof and sand-fixing.Wind erosion would be effectively controlled in the Mu Us Sandy Land if the coverage of Artemisia ordosica is greater than 29%.These results provide a scientific basis for evaluating the ecosystem service function of Artemisia ordosica and the vegetation protection and construction projects in the Mu Us Sandy Land.

Damage characteristics of three boring pests in Artemisia ordosica

The population density and distribution of the three major boring pests, Holcocerus artemisiae, Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. were studied in their host plant Artemisia ordosica. Results show that the larvae ofH. artemisiae mainly bore the rhizome ofA. ordosica, but also the larvae of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. bore the rhizome of A. ordosica. The adults of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. feed on the leaves of A. ordosica as a nutritional supplement. The distribution of the larvae of three pests in their host plant is completely different. H. artemisiae and Sphenoptera sp. are distributed in the whole A. ordosica plant. The newly hatched larvae first feed on the phloem and xylem of stem and then burrow to the roots before the winter of the same year. However, ,4dosopius sp. is distributed mainly in the roots. The newly hatched larvae move from the phloem to the xylem, and gradually damage the lower part of the trunk. The larvae of the three pests sometimes coexist in a single A. ordosica plant. However, the probability of the coexistence of the three pests is very small. The highest probability of coexistence of two pests was observed in Sphenoptera sp. and H. artemisiae, while the probability of coexistence of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. as well as H. artemisiae and Adosopius sp. was smaller. The reasons for coexistence or its avoidance are not only related to the amount of food provided nor the volume of larval living space in a single A. ordosica plant, but also related to the development characteristics of different kinds of larvae and interspecific competition.

Relationships between Artemisia ordosica communities and environmental factors following sand-dune stabilization in the Mu Us desert,northwest China

Artemisia ordosica is an excellent sand-fixing shrub for sand stabilization in northwestern China. Sand dune stabilization, a critically important process, leads changes in abiotic factors, such as soil structure and nutrient contents. However, the effects of factors on an A. ordosica community following sand stabilization remain unclear. In this study, we used canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） to examine the relationships between A. ordosica communities and environmental factors at three habitats： semi-fixed dune （SF）, fixed dune with low-cov- erage biological soil crust （F）, and fixed dune with high- coverage biological soil crust （FC） in Mu Us desert. The mean height and coverage of plants increased with sand stabilization, while species diversity and richness increased initially and then reduced significantly. Correlation analysis and CCA revealed that slope, soil organic carbon, and nutrient contents, proportion of fine soil particles, soil moisture, and thickness of biological soil crust were all highly correlated with vegetation characteristics. These environmental factors could explain 40.42 % of the vege- tation-environment relationships at the three habitats. The distribution of plant species was positively related to soil moisture in the SF dune. Soil moisture, soil nutrient, and fine-particle contents mainly affected plants distribution in the F dune. In the FC dune, distribution of plant species was positively and negatively correlated with the thickness of biological soil crust and soil moisture at a depth 0-20 cm, respectively. The dominance value of typical steppe species increased significantly following sand-dune stabilization and relations between species and samples in CCA ordination bi-plots showed that perennial grasses could invade the A. ordosica community on FC, indicating A. ordosica communities had a tendency to change into typical steppe vegetation with the further fixation. We conclude that the significant differentiation not only occurred in community characteristics, but also in the relationships between vegetation and environmental factors among the three stages of dune fixation. So, restoration of degraded dune ecosystems should be based on habitat conditions and ecological needs.

采煤塌陷对毛乌素沙地油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)根际环境影响

以毛乌素沙地油蒿根际土壤为研究对象,研究了1~3 a内塌陷对油蒿根际土壤主要肥力指标(理化性质、根际微生物数量及酶活性)的影响。结果表明:与未开采区相比,采煤塌陷区土壤容重、田间持水量下降,根际土壤速效磷、速效钾、碱解氮含量显著降低(P<0.05),土壤p H值、电导率显著增大。塌陷区表层0~20 cm细菌、放线菌数量下降,真菌数量增加;20~40 cm、40~60 cm层土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量较未开采区有所增加。塌陷1~3 a区域根际土壤酸性磷酸酶显著高于未开采区(P<0.05);塌陷2 a、3 a表层土壤蔗糖酶活性显著高于未开采区,深层土壤蔗糖酶活性高于未开采区但未达到显著差异(P>0.05)。塌陷3 a时土壤速效磷、碱解氮、表层细菌数量、脲酶、蔗糖酶等指标与未开采区无显著差异,而其他指标仍未恢复到未开采前状态。植物根际具有一定的自修复能力,但是恢复到未开采状态下仍需要较长时间。

Effects of soil nitrogen:phosphorus ratio on growth rate of Artemisia ordosica seedlings

To address how the ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus (N:P ratios) in soil affect plant growth, we performed a two-factor (soil available N:P ratios and plant density) randomized block pot experiment to examine the relationships between soil N:P ratios, and the N:P ratios and growth rate of Artemisia ordosica seedlings. Under moderate water stress and adequate nutrient status, both soil N:P and plant density influenced the N:P ratios and growth rates of A. ordosica. With the increase of soil N:P ratios, the growth rates of A. ordosica seedlings decreased significantly. With the increase of soil N:P ratios, N:P ratios in A. ordosica seedlings increased significantly. While the nitrogen concentrations in the plant increased slightly, the phosphorus concentrations significantly decreased. With the increase of plant density, the shoot N:P ratios and growth rates significantly decreased, which resulted from soil N:P ratios. Thus, soil N:P ratios influenced the N:P ratios in A. ordosica seedlings, and hence, influenced its growth. Our results suggest that, under adequate nutrient environment, soil N:P ratios can be a limiting factor for plant growth.

Effects of surface cracks on the rhizospheric microhabitat of Artemisia ordosica in subsidence area caused by coal mining

The effects of surface cracks caused by underground coal mining on microhabitat in the rhizosphere of Artem＆ia ordosias were studied based on field investigation and sample analysis. The results show that the amounts of microorganisms, enzyme activity and water content in soil vary with the biomass ofA. ordosias, and that the account exhibits in an order of large A. ordosias〉medium A. ordosias〉small A. ordosias. Surface cracks apparently decrease microbial quantities and enzymatic ac- tivities, and change the composition and structure of microbial community in the rhizosphere of A. ordosias. Surface cracks reduce water content and electrical conductivity, enhance the R/S （ratio of root and soil） of water content, electrical conductivity and pH value, and raise the content of Na and Pb in rhizosphere soil ofA. ordosicas, It can be concluded that the disturbance of underground coal mining on the microhabitat in the rhizosphere ofA. ordosica is obvious in the early days.

Ethno-medicinal study of Artemisia ordosica Krasch.(traditional Chinese/Mongolian medicine) extracts for treatment of allergic rhinitis and nasosinusitis

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory and allergic rhinitis(AR)alleviating effect as well as in vitro antimicrobial activities of Artemisia ordosica Krasch.(AOK)extracts to verify its ethno-medicinal claims.METHODS Crude extracts(methanol/95%-ethanol/ethyl acetate)of AOK root/stem/leaf and fractions(petroleum ether/ethyl acetate/n-butanol/aqueous)of AOK root extractwere prepared.Xylene-induced ear swelling model in mouse and ovalbumin(OVA)-induced AR model in guinea pig were established.Ear swelling degrees of mice were measured.The numbers of rubbing movement and sneezes of guinea pigs were counted to evaluate the symptoms of AR.The serum levels of histamine,INF-γ,IL-2/4/10,and VCAM-1 were measured by ELISA assay.The histological changes of nasal mucosa were investigated by light microscope after H&E staining.Antimicrobial activities of AOK extracts were also tested.LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to characterize the constituents of active extract and molecular docking was conducted to predict the biological mechanism.RESULTS In ear-swelling model,extract(100.00 mg·kg^-1)from the ethyl acetate layer of 95%ethanol(100.00 mg·kg^-1)showed better swelling inhibition in mice than positive control(dexamethasone,191.91 mg·kg^-1).In AR model,extract from the ethyl acetate layer of 95%ethanol significantly alleviated the AR symp⁃toms in guinea pigs,decreased the serum levels of histamine,INF-γ,IL-2/4/10,and VCAM-1,and reduced the infiltration of eosinophil in nasal mucosa.For Staphylococcus aureus,the ethyl acetate extract of AOK stem showed the highest inhibi⁃tion(MIC=1.25 g·L^-1),for Escherichia coli,n-butanol layer of 95%ethanol extract of AOK root showed the highest inhibi⁃tion(MIC=15.00 g·L^-1),for Candida glabrata,95%-ethanol extract of AOK stem showed the best inhibition(MIC=0.064 g·L^-1),while ethyl acetate and n-butanol layers showed similar inhibition on MRSA(MIC=7.50 g·L-1).LC-MS/MS characteriza⁃tion showed that dicaffeoylquinic acids account for more than 30%of ethyl acetate layer of AOK extract.Dicaffeoylquinic acids bind with histamine-1 receptor with high affinities and interesting modes.CONCLUSION Extracts from AOK had interesting anti-inflammatory activity in mice,alleviating effect against OVA-induced AR in guinea pigs,and antimicrobial activities in vitro,which support the ethno-medicinal use of it.The main constituents in ethyl acetate layer of AOK root extract are dicaffeoylquinic acids and could bind with histamine-1 receptor well.These findings highlighted the impor⁃tance of natural product chemistry study of AOK.