Background: Studies on the reference values of CD4 and CD3 T cells in healthy individuals have continued to gain significance because of the importance of these immunological markers in the initiation of antiretrovira...Background: Studies on the reference values of CD4 and CD3 T cells in healthy individuals have continued to gain significance because of the importance of these immunological markers in the initiation of antiretroviral therapy and prophylactic drugs for opportunistic infections. These ranges tend to vary across populations. The CD4:CD8 ratio is used to measure of how balanced immune function is. Therefore, this study aimed at determining normal reference values for CD4+ and CD3+T-lymphocytes and leucocytes in healthy adults in Coastal Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried between May 2015 and February 2016 in Coast General Referral hospital, Tudor, Port-Reitz, Mlaleo, Likoni and Sub-County hospitals. Participants were recruited from voluntary HIV counselling and testing clinics. Patients were counselled for HIV test and those who consented were tested for HIV. They were screened for diseases that potentially cause lymphocyte homeostasis perturbation. CD4+, CD3+ CD8+cells/μl were analyzed using a BD FACSCount flow cytometer (Becton-Dickson, NJ). Results: We enrolled 500 participants, two hundred and forty (48.0%) were males and two hundred and sixty (52.0) females. The mean CD4 cell count was 1054.9 ± 95% CI 1041.2 - 1068.6 cells/mm3, absolute CD8 was 688.4 ± 95% CI 679.1 - 697.7 cells/mm3, absolute CD3 cell count was 1945.1 ± 95% CI 1907.4 - 1982.2 cells/mm3 absolute leukocyte count 5.19 ± 95% CI 5.12 - 5.19, absolute lymphocyte count 1.85 ± 95% CI1.83 - 1.88 and haemoglobin level 12.76 ± 95% CI 12.65 - 12.87. Females had significantly higher mean CD4 and CD8 T cell counts than males (p < 0.05). The mean values of white blood cells 4.7 (3.0 - 7.9) × 109/l, platelets 239 (77 - 353) × 109/l and erythrocytes 4.65 (3.51 - 5.40) × 109 were significantly higher in males than females (p Conclusion: Immunohaematological markers found in this study were different from the standard values for the western countries. Females had significantly higher mean CD4+T and CD3+T cell counts but lower mean haemoglobin level, erythrocytes, white blood cells and platelets than males. Our findings provide new insight in the CD4 and CD3 T cell reference values of Kenyans.展开更多
To compare the effects of polysaccharide nucleic acid fraction of bacillus calmette guerin (BCG PSN) and thymopeptides on T lymphocytes of normal and immunosuppressed mice, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets of...To compare the effects of polysaccharide nucleic acid fraction of bacillus calmette guerin (BCG PSN) and thymopeptides on T lymphocytes of normal and immunosuppressed mice, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets of single nucleic cell in thymus, spleen and peripheral blood were detected successively by flow cytometry after application of BCG PSN and thymopeptides. Meanwhile, CD4 +/CD8 + ratio was also calculated. The results showed that both BCG PSN and thymopeptides could decrease the proportion of CD4 + CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets in the thymus, at the same time increase CD4 + T lymphocyte, CD8 +T lymphocyte proportion in the three tissues. The fluctuation in amplitude was greater in thymopeptides group than that in BCG PSN group. It is concluded that acting location of thymopeptides is in thymus, its stimulating action is stronger than that of BCG PSN, while BCG PSN not only accelerates the differentiation in thymus, but also has some direct stimulation to peripheral CD4 +T lymphocytes, and can maintain CD4 +/CD8 + ratio within normal range. So, BCG PSN is safer.展开更多
A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method was presented to discriminate hemodialyzed T-lymphocytes from the normal based on antibody--cell recognition. By dynamic reaction with fixed anti-human CD4 antibody, SPR coul...A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method was presented to discriminate hemodialyzed T-lymphocytes from the normal based on antibody--cell recognition. By dynamic reaction with fixed anti-human CD4 antibody, SPR could offer significant signals to distinguish hemodialyzed patients from the healthy controls within 200 s after the cell injection in respect of either rising speed or maximum binding capacity (p 〈 0.01). The ratio method is also used to exclude the non-specific adsorption. The percentage of hemodialyzed patients' CD4+ T ceils against the healthy control is 69 ± 18%. The most attractive of the present method is its ability to detect the intact and label-free lymphocytes, and further to detect the subpopulations, or proteins secreted by the desired lymphocytes subset.展开更多
Background Factors of cell-mediated immunity and allergy together play their roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and its prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the computed tom...Background Factors of cell-mediated immunity and allergy together play their roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and its prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the computed tomographic demonstrations of HIV seropositive PTB and the relationship between its pathogenesis and CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. Methods The documented CT images of a total of 44 patients with HIV seropositive PTB, definitely diagnosed by etiological or pathological examinations, their clinical data and their CD4+ T-lymphocyte count were retrospectively reviewed.Results There were 15 cases of miliary tuberculosis, accounting for 34.1% of the total cases; 15 cases of nodular tuberculosis, 34.1%; 6 cases of ground-glass opacity, 13.6%; 5 cases of cord-liked fiber shadows, 11.4%; 16 cases of flaky and flocculating shadows, 36.4%; 5 cases of cavitation, 11.4%; 5 cases of tumor shadows, 11.4%; 2 cases of pleural thickening, 4.5% and 11 cases of pleural effusion, 25.0%; 1 case of calcification, 2.3%; 16 cases of lymphadenectasis, 36.4%. The foci were located around the pulmonary hilum, anterior segment of superior lobe, basal segment of inferior lobe, medial lobe and lingual lobe. CD4+ T-lymphocyte count was closely related to the imaging demonstrations of HIV seropositive PTB.Conclusions CT scanning can demonstrate various signs of PTB. CD4+ T-lymphocyte level determines the variety of imaging demonstrations of HIV seropositive PTB and its prognosis.展开更多
Background Chemokines and their receptors have been a research focus in transplantation immunology. Chemokines and their receptors play a role in lymphocyte recruitment and differentiation process. This study aimed to...Background Chemokines and their receptors have been a research focus in transplantation immunology. Chemokines and their receptors play a role in lymphocyte recruitment and differentiation process. This study aimed to observe whether IL-4 and IL-10 may regulate the expression of chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3 on CD4^+ T cells in CBA/J×DBA/2 mouse model and to explore the role of CCR3, CCR5, CXCR3 in immune tolerance in pregnancy. Methods The mouse model of spontaneous abortion (CBA/J×DBA/2) and the normal pregnant mouse model (CBA/J×BALB/c) were used. CBA/J×DBA/2 mice were injected with IL-4 (CBA/J×DBA/2-IL-4), IL-4 and IL-10 (CBA/J×DBA/2-IL-4+IL-10), or normal saline (CBA/J×DBA/2-NS) as a control. The expression of CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3 on CD4^+ T cells from mouse peripheral blood was measured by the double-labelled FCM method, and the embryo resorption rate was also examined. Results The embryo resorption rate in the CBA/J×DBA/2 group without any treatment was significantly higher than that in the CBA/J×BALB/c group (17.9% vs 3.7%, P 〈0.01). The embryo resorption rate in the CBA/J×DBA/2 group immunized with IL-4 or IL-4 together with IL-10 was significantly decreased, compared with that in the control and NS groups respectively. CCR3 expression on CD4^+ T cells in the CBA/J×DBA/2 group without any treatment was significantly lower than that in the CBA/J×BALB/c group (0.3738±0.3575 vs 1.2190±0.2772, P 〈0.01); both CCR5 (3.0900±1.5603 vs 1.2390±0.6361, P〈0.01) and CXCR3 (2.4715±0.9074 vs 0.9200±0.5585, P 〈0.01) expressions on CD4^+ T cells of the CBA/J×DBA/2 group without any treatment were significantly higher than those of the CBA/J×BALB/c group. Significant up-regulation of CCR3 and down-regulation of CXCR3 were found in the CBA/J×DBA/2 group treated with IL-4 (CCR3: 2.0360±0.6944, CXCR3: 1.3510±0.5263, P〈0.01) or IL-4 and IL-10 (CCR3: 1.8160±1.0947, CXCR3:1.0940±0.7168, P〈0.01). Because of the CCR5, IL-4 and IL-10 (1.9400±0.8504 vs 3.0900±1.5603, P 〈0.05), but IL-4 alone (2.5310±1.3595 vs 3.0900±1.5603, P 〉0.05) treatment significantly decreased the expression of CCR5 in CBA/J×DBA/2. Conclusions The abnormal expression of CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3 on CD4^+ T cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous abortion. The pregnancy immune tolerance may be induced through selective induction of CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3 expressions by IL-4 together with IL-10.展开更多
Background Previous studies have shown that local immune cells in the feto-maternal interface are recruited from peripheral blood, and that chemokines and their receptors play an initial and key role in this recruitme...Background Previous studies have shown that local immune cells in the feto-maternal interface are recruited from peripheral blood, and that chemokines and their receptors play an initial and key role in this recruitment process. In this study, we aimed to determine whether spontaneous abortion is associated with the expression of chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR3 on CD4^+ T cells. Methods Peripheral blood, spleen, and thymus were collected from the spontaneous abortion mouse model CBA/JxDBA/2 (SA group, n=14), the normal pregnant mouse model CBA/JxBALB/c (NP group, n=13), and normal non-pregnant CBA/J mice (NNP group, n=11). The number of chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR3 expressed on CD4^+ T cells was measured by double-label flow cytometry (FCM) method. Results In peripheral blood, the SA group had significantly lower CCR3 expression (P 〈0.01) and higher CCR5 and CXCR3 expression (P 〈0.01) on CD4^+ T cells than did the NP group. But comparing these chemokines between the SA and NNP groups, there was no significant difference (P 〉0.05). In spleen, the SA group expressed significantly lower CCR3 expression (P 〈0.01) and higher CCR5 and CXCR3 expression (P 〈0.05) on CD4^+ T cells than did the NP group. When compared with the NNP group, the SA group had significantly higher CCR3 expression (P 〈0.01), but was not statistically different with regards to the other two chemokines (P 〉0.05). In thymus, the SA group had significantly lower CCR3 expression (P 〈0.05) and higher CXCR3 expression (P 〈0.05) on CD4^+ T cells than the NP group, with no significant difference in CCR5 expression (P 〉0.05). Compared with the NNP group, the SA group had higher CCR3 expression (P 〈0.01), but there was no statistical difference in CXCR3 and CCR5 expression (P 〉0.05) between the two groups. Conclusion The abnormal expression of CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3 on CD4^+ T cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous abortion.展开更多
AIM:To compare the clinical manifestation of cytomegalovirus(CMV)retinitis and microvascular retinopathy(MVR)in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)in China.METHODS:A total of 93 consecutive ...AIM:To compare the clinical manifestation of cytomegalovirus(CMV)retinitis and microvascular retinopathy(MVR)in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)in China.METHODS:A total of 93 consecutive patients with AIDS,including 41 cases of CMV retinitis and 52 cases of MVR were retrospectively reviewed.Highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)status was recorded.HIV and CMV immunoassay were also tested.CD4+T-lymphocyte count and blood CMV-DNA test were performed in all patients.Aqueous humor CMV-DNA test was completed in 39patients.Ophthalmological examinations including best corrected visual acuity(BCVA,by International Standard Vision Chart),intraocular pressure(IOP),slit-lamp biomicroscopy,indirect ophthalmoscopy were performed.RESULTS:In MVR group,the anterior segment examination was normal in all patients with a mean BCVA of 0.93±0.13.Blood CMV-DNA was 0(0,269 000)and 42 patients(80.77%)did not receive HAART.In CMV retinitis group,13 patients(31.71%)had anterior segment abnormality.The mean BCVA was 0.64±0.35 and blood CMV-DNA was 3470(0,1 450 000).Nineteen patients(46.34%)had not received HAART.MVR group and CMV retinitis group the positive rates of aqueous CMV-DNA were 0 and 50%,respectively.Two patients with MVR progressed to CMV retinitis during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION:In comparison of CMV,patients with MVR have relatively mild visual function impairment.Careful ophthalmological examination and close follow-up are mandatory,especially for patients who have systemic complications,positive CMV-DNA test and without received HAART.展开更多
In the current study, the alopecia areata gene was introduced into the C57BL/6 (B6) mouse through repeated backcrossing/intercrossing, and the allelic homozygosity of congenic AAtJmice (named B6.KM-AA) was verifie...In the current study, the alopecia areata gene was introduced into the C57BL/6 (B6) mouse through repeated backcrossing/intercrossing, and the allelic homozygosity of congenic AAtJmice (named B6.KM-AA) was verified using microsatellites. The gross appearance, growth characteristics, pathological changes in skin, and major organs of B6.KM-AA mice were observed. Counts and proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Results show that congenic B6.KM-AA mice were obtained after 10 generations of backcrossing/intercrossing. B6.KM-AA mice grew slower than B6 control mice and AA skin lesions were developed by four weeks of age. The number of hair follicles was reduced, but hair structures were normal. Loss of hair during disease progression was associated with CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes infiltration peri- and intrahair follicles. No pathological changes were found in other organs except for the skin. In the peripheral blood of B6.KM-AA mice, the percentage of CD4+ T cells was lower and percentage of CD8+ T cells higher than in control mice. These findings indicate that B6.KM-AA mice are characterized by a dysfunctional immune system, retarded development and T-cell infiltration mediated hair loss, making them a promising new animal model for human alopecia areata.展开更多
The biological features of intrahepatic CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T regulatory cells in the naturally tolerance of rat liver transplantation were explored.Orthotopic liver transplan-tation was performed in two allogeneic rat str...The biological features of intrahepatic CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T regulatory cells in the naturally tolerance of rat liver transplantation were explored.Orthotopic liver transplan-tation was performed in two allogeneic rat strain combina-tions,one with fatal immunosuppression despite a complete major histocompatibility complex mismatch.The subjects were divided into three groups according to different donors and recipients[Tolerance group:LEW-to-DA;Rejection group:DA-to-LEW;Syngegnic group(control group):DA-to-DA].The proportion of intrahepatic CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T cells from three groups was determined by flow cytometry(FCM)in different time.The intrahepaitc CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T cells were isolated by magnetic activated cell sorting(MACS)method and identified by FCM.The Foxp3 mRNA was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).And their suppression on the proliferation of CD4^(+)CD25^(-)T effector cells was analyzed by cell proliferation assay in vitro.Beginning immediately after transplantation,the proportion of Treg cells increased over time in both allogeneic groups but was significantly greater in the Rejection group.The pro-portion of Treg cells declined after day 5,and such reduction was more dramatic in the Rejection group than in the Tole-rance group.Animals in the Tolerance group showed a second increase in the proportion after day 14.Intrahepatic CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T cells isolated from spontaneous tolerance models inhibited the proliferation of mixed lymphocyte reaction.The purity of CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Tcells sorted by MACS was 86%–93%.The CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T cells could specifically express the Foxp3 gene compared with CD4^(+)CD25^(-)T cells.In vitro,the spleen cells from LEW rats can irritate the proliferation of CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T cells more obviously than the syngegnic spleen cells.CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Tr cells could suppress the proliferation of CD4^(+)CD25^(-)T cells,but the inhibition was reversed by exo-genous IL-2(200 U/mL).The CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T regulatory cells specifically express the Foxp3 gene,which may play animpor-tant role in the induction of liver transplantation tolerance by suppressing the reaction of effective T cells.展开更多
The field of tumor immunology has produced in the recent years a revolution in cancer therapeutics putting an end in the long lasting frustration of investigators in the area stemming from largely unsuccessful strides...The field of tumor immunology has produced in the recent years a revolution in cancer therapeutics putting an end in the long lasting frustration of investigators in the area stemming from largely unsuccessful strides to develop cancer vaccines. This progress has come from the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies blocking ligand/receptor pairs with inhibitory effects for immune cells. Through this blockade immune checkpoint blockers are able to ac-tivate the immune system and create an anti-tumoral effect. A significant sub-set of patients with various types of cancers such as melanoma, lung carcinomas and urothelial cancers benefit from treatment with these drugs and survivals have improved in some ca-ses. However other cancers are primarily resistant to immune blockers and secondary resistance is also the norm. Radiation therapy is often used in the palliative treatment of patients with advanced cancers and, in addition to the local effect in the irradiated field, it may in rare cases produce a systemic antitumor effect, termed "abscopal". This effect has been suggested to be produced by immune mechanisms. Thus an opportunity presents for a synergistic effect of immune stimulation between radiation and immune blockade inhibitors. The therapeutic opportunities presented with the combination of radiation and these drugs for gastrointestinal cancers will be discussed in this editorial overview.展开更多
Background:The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis(MS)is mediated primarily by T cells,but most studies of MS and its animal model,experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),have focused on CD4^+ T cells.The aims o...Background:The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis(MS)is mediated primarily by T cells,but most studies of MS and its animal model,experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),have focused on CD4^+ T cells.The aims of the current study were to determine the pathological interrelationship between CD4 and CD8 autoreactive T cells in MS/EAE.Methods:Female C57BL/6 mice(n=20)were induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG)35-55 peptide.At 14 days after immunization,T cells were isolated from the spleen and purified as CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells by using CD4 and CD8 isolation kits,and then the purity was determined by flow cytometric analysis.These cells were stimulated by MOG35–55 peptide and applied to proliferation assays.The interferon-gamma(IFN-γ)and interleukin(IL)-4 secretion of supernatant of cultured CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA).For adoptive transfer,recipient mice were injected with MOG35–55-specific CD8^+ or CD4^+ T cells.EAE clinical course was measured by EAE score at 0–5 scale and spinal cord was examined by staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Luxol fast blue staining.Results:CD8^+ CD3^+ and CD4^+ CD3^+ cells were 86%and 94%pure of total CD3^+ cells after CD8/CD4 bead enrichment,respectively.These cells were stimulated by MOG35–55 peptide and applied to proliferation assays.Although the CD8^+ T cells had a generally lower response to MOG35–55 than CD4^+ T cells,the response of CD8^+ T cells was not always dependent on CD4.CD8^+ T cell secreted less IFN-γand IL-4 compared with CD4^+ T cells.EAE was induced in wildtype B6 na?ve mice by adoptive transfer of MOG35–55-specific T cells from B6 active-induced EAE(aEAE)mice.A similar EAE score and slight inflammation and demyelination were found in naive B6 mice after transferring of CD8^+ T cells from immunized B6 mice compared with transfer of CD4^+ T cells.Conclusion:Our data suggest that CD8^+ autoreactive T cells in EAE have a lower encephalitogenic function but are unique and independent on pathogenic of EAE rather than their CD4^+ counterparts.展开更多
Background Cigarette smoke induces an acute but persisting inflammation in peripheral blood and airway in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),and CD8+ Tc-lymphocytes are considered as a key role in this pr...Background Cigarette smoke induces an acute but persisting inflammation in peripheral blood and airway in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),and CD8+ Tc-lymphocytes are considered as a key role in this process.We aimed to investigate the Tc-lymphocytes immunodeviation in system and local airway of COPD patients and changes of the immunodeviation after short-term smoking cessation.Methods Peripheral blood (PB) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected from 42 patients (14 COPD patients,16 smokers with normal lung function and 12 nonsmokers),while PB and induced sputum (IS) were obtained from other 19 patients (10 quitting smokers and 9 continuing smokers) at baseline and follow-up respectively of 4-week smoking cessation.Percentages of CD8+ Tc-lymphocytes (%CD3+) and Tc1/Tc2 ratios were measured by flow cytometry.Results Percentages of CD8+ Tc-lymphocytes were higher in COPD patients than those in smokers and nonsmokers in both PB and BALF.Tc1/Tc2 ratio in PB and in BALF from COPD patients was greater than that from smokers and nonsmokers and negatively correlated with FEV1%pre.When comparing the ratios between PB and BALF,significantly positive correlation was found in COPD patients.Furthermore,after 4-week smoking cessation,percentages of CD8+ Tc-lymphocytes in PB and IS in quitting smokers were decreased compared to that in baseline and continuing smokers,whereas Tc1/Tc2 ratios were not influenced.Conclusions CD8+ Tc1-trend immunodeviation profiles occurred in both system and local airway of COPD patients.This exceptional immunodeviation could not be relieved by short-term smoking cessation.展开更多
Background The number of critically ill immunocompromised (CIIC) patients has increased dramatically in recent years,and they represent a high risk population for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) infection.H...Background The number of critically ill immunocompromised (CIIC) patients has increased dramatically in recent years,and they represent a high risk population for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) infection.Host immunity should play a major role in determining the outcome and recovery of these patients.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dynamic changes in host immune status and its potential influence on prognosis in CIIC patients with IPA.Methods We monitored the evolution of a number of key cellular and humoral parameters on days 1,3,and 10 (D1,D3 and D10) following ICU admission in sixty-two CIIC patients with microbiological evidence of IPA.We included immunoglobulins IgG,IgA and IgM,complement factors C3 and C4,and lymphocyte subgroups CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD28+CD4+,and CD28+CD8+ T cells,CD19+B cells,and CD3-CD16+CD56+ natural killer cells (NK).Results The primary outcome was 28-day mortality.Thirty-eight (61.3%) patients died within the 28 days following ICU admission.Compared to patients who died,CD3+,CD8+,CD28+CD8+ T-cell counts on D1,D3,and D10,CD28+CD4+ T-cell counts on D3 and D10,and NK counts on D3 and D10 were significantly higher in survivors.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of immune parameters predicting 28-day mortality revealed area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.82 (95% CI 0.71-0.92),0.94 (95% CI 0.87-0.99),and 0.94 (95% CI 0.85-0.99) for CD8+ T-cell counts for D1,D3,and D10 respectively,and 0.84 (95% CI 0.75-0.94),0.92 (95% CI 0.85-0.99),and 0.90 (95% CI 0.79-0.99) for CD28+CD8+ T-cell counts for D1,D3,and D10 respectively.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that CD8+ T-cell counts <149.5×106 cells/L and CD28+CD8+ T-cell counts <75×106 cells/L at ICU admission were associated with lower survival probabilities in CIIC patients with IPA (both Log rank:P<0.001).Conclusions Low CD8+ and CD28+CD8+ T-cell counts were associated with high mortality in CIIC patients with IPA.Early counts of CD8+ and CD28+CD8+ T cells in CIIC patients with IPA may be valuable for predicting outcome.展开更多
Background:Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction(HQGZWW)exhibits good effects when administered to treat multiple sclerosis(MS)and its animal model,experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE).Understanding the precise mech...Background:Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction(HQGZWW)exhibits good effects when administered to treat multiple sclerosis(MS)and its animal model,experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE).Understanding the precise mechanism of this decoction is thus important.Based on the findings of our previous study,the aim of the present study was to understand the role of antigen-specific CD8^(+)T-cells on the pathogene sis of MS/EAE when HQGZWW is administered as treatment.Methods:Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG);-induced mice were administered distilled water,prednisone,and high dose or low dose HQGZWW.After purified CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T-cells were stimulated with the MOG;peptide,proliferation and cytokine secretion assays were performed.To establish the adoptive transfer EAE model,naive mice were injected with MOG;-CD8^(+)or CD4^(+)T-cells.Results:Significant improvements in EAE score and pathology were observed in the high dose HQGZWW and prednisone groups.Compared to the low dose HQGZWW and distilled water groups,lower antigen-specific re sponses,lower levels of interferon-gamma,and higher levels of interleukin(IL)-4 and IL-10 from CD8^(+)and CD4^(+)T cells were observed in the high dose HQGZWW and prednisone groups.Finally,the EAE score was observed to be similar between the high dose HQGZWW group and prednisone group;however,this finding was not observed in the low dose HQGZWW group.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that high dose HQGZWW has similar effects on cell proliferation,cytokine secretion,and EAE score to prednisone,while low dose HQGZWW does not have such effect.The protective role of HQGZWW against EAE might thus depend on the Th2 cytokine secretion profile induced by either MOG;specific CD8^(+)or CD4^(+)T-cells.展开更多
文摘Background: Studies on the reference values of CD4 and CD3 T cells in healthy individuals have continued to gain significance because of the importance of these immunological markers in the initiation of antiretroviral therapy and prophylactic drugs for opportunistic infections. These ranges tend to vary across populations. The CD4:CD8 ratio is used to measure of how balanced immune function is. Therefore, this study aimed at determining normal reference values for CD4+ and CD3+T-lymphocytes and leucocytes in healthy adults in Coastal Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried between May 2015 and February 2016 in Coast General Referral hospital, Tudor, Port-Reitz, Mlaleo, Likoni and Sub-County hospitals. Participants were recruited from voluntary HIV counselling and testing clinics. Patients were counselled for HIV test and those who consented were tested for HIV. They were screened for diseases that potentially cause lymphocyte homeostasis perturbation. CD4+, CD3+ CD8+cells/μl were analyzed using a BD FACSCount flow cytometer (Becton-Dickson, NJ). Results: We enrolled 500 participants, two hundred and forty (48.0%) were males and two hundred and sixty (52.0) females. The mean CD4 cell count was 1054.9 ± 95% CI 1041.2 - 1068.6 cells/mm3, absolute CD8 was 688.4 ± 95% CI 679.1 - 697.7 cells/mm3, absolute CD3 cell count was 1945.1 ± 95% CI 1907.4 - 1982.2 cells/mm3 absolute leukocyte count 5.19 ± 95% CI 5.12 - 5.19, absolute lymphocyte count 1.85 ± 95% CI1.83 - 1.88 and haemoglobin level 12.76 ± 95% CI 12.65 - 12.87. Females had significantly higher mean CD4 and CD8 T cell counts than males (p < 0.05). The mean values of white blood cells 4.7 (3.0 - 7.9) × 109/l, platelets 239 (77 - 353) × 109/l and erythrocytes 4.65 (3.51 - 5.40) × 109 were significantly higher in males than females (p Conclusion: Immunohaematological markers found in this study were different from the standard values for the western countries. Females had significantly higher mean CD4+T and CD3+T cell counts but lower mean haemoglobin level, erythrocytes, white blood cells and platelets than males. Our findings provide new insight in the CD4 and CD3 T cell reference values of Kenyans.
文摘To compare the effects of polysaccharide nucleic acid fraction of bacillus calmette guerin (BCG PSN) and thymopeptides on T lymphocytes of normal and immunosuppressed mice, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets of single nucleic cell in thymus, spleen and peripheral blood were detected successively by flow cytometry after application of BCG PSN and thymopeptides. Meanwhile, CD4 +/CD8 + ratio was also calculated. The results showed that both BCG PSN and thymopeptides could decrease the proportion of CD4 + CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets in the thymus, at the same time increase CD4 + T lymphocyte, CD8 +T lymphocyte proportion in the three tissues. The fluctuation in amplitude was greater in thymopeptides group than that in BCG PSN group. It is concluded that acting location of thymopeptides is in thymus, its stimulating action is stronger than that of BCG PSN, while BCG PSN not only accelerates the differentiation in thymus, but also has some direct stimulation to peripheral CD4 +T lymphocytes, and can maintain CD4 +/CD8 + ratio within normal range. So, BCG PSN is safer.
基金the financial support from NSFC(Nos.21027003 and 81001585)CAS(No.ACL201201)
文摘A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method was presented to discriminate hemodialyzed T-lymphocytes from the normal based on antibody--cell recognition. By dynamic reaction with fixed anti-human CD4 antibody, SPR could offer significant signals to distinguish hemodialyzed patients from the healthy controls within 200 s after the cell injection in respect of either rising speed or maximum binding capacity (p 〈 0.01). The ratio method is also used to exclude the non-specific adsorption. The percentage of hemodialyzed patients' CD4+ T ceils against the healthy control is 69 ± 18%. The most attractive of the present method is its ability to detect the intact and label-free lymphocytes, and further to detect the subpopulations, or proteins secreted by the desired lymphocytes subset.
文摘Background Factors of cell-mediated immunity and allergy together play their roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and its prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the computed tomographic demonstrations of HIV seropositive PTB and the relationship between its pathogenesis and CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. Methods The documented CT images of a total of 44 patients with HIV seropositive PTB, definitely diagnosed by etiological or pathological examinations, their clinical data and their CD4+ T-lymphocyte count were retrospectively reviewed.Results There were 15 cases of miliary tuberculosis, accounting for 34.1% of the total cases; 15 cases of nodular tuberculosis, 34.1%; 6 cases of ground-glass opacity, 13.6%; 5 cases of cord-liked fiber shadows, 11.4%; 16 cases of flaky and flocculating shadows, 36.4%; 5 cases of cavitation, 11.4%; 5 cases of tumor shadows, 11.4%; 2 cases of pleural thickening, 4.5% and 11 cases of pleural effusion, 25.0%; 1 case of calcification, 2.3%; 16 cases of lymphadenectasis, 36.4%. The foci were located around the pulmonary hilum, anterior segment of superior lobe, basal segment of inferior lobe, medial lobe and lingual lobe. CD4+ T-lymphocyte count was closely related to the imaging demonstrations of HIV seropositive PTB.Conclusions CT scanning can demonstrate various signs of PTB. CD4+ T-lymphocyte level determines the variety of imaging demonstrations of HIV seropositive PTB and its prognosis.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, China (No. 07ZR14072).
文摘Background Chemokines and their receptors have been a research focus in transplantation immunology. Chemokines and their receptors play a role in lymphocyte recruitment and differentiation process. This study aimed to observe whether IL-4 and IL-10 may regulate the expression of chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3 on CD4^+ T cells in CBA/J×DBA/2 mouse model and to explore the role of CCR3, CCR5, CXCR3 in immune tolerance in pregnancy. Methods The mouse model of spontaneous abortion (CBA/J×DBA/2) and the normal pregnant mouse model (CBA/J×BALB/c) were used. CBA/J×DBA/2 mice were injected with IL-4 (CBA/J×DBA/2-IL-4), IL-4 and IL-10 (CBA/J×DBA/2-IL-4+IL-10), or normal saline (CBA/J×DBA/2-NS) as a control. The expression of CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3 on CD4^+ T cells from mouse peripheral blood was measured by the double-labelled FCM method, and the embryo resorption rate was also examined. Results The embryo resorption rate in the CBA/J×DBA/2 group without any treatment was significantly higher than that in the CBA/J×BALB/c group (17.9% vs 3.7%, P 〈0.01). The embryo resorption rate in the CBA/J×DBA/2 group immunized with IL-4 or IL-4 together with IL-10 was significantly decreased, compared with that in the control and NS groups respectively. CCR3 expression on CD4^+ T cells in the CBA/J×DBA/2 group without any treatment was significantly lower than that in the CBA/J×BALB/c group (0.3738±0.3575 vs 1.2190±0.2772, P 〈0.01); both CCR5 (3.0900±1.5603 vs 1.2390±0.6361, P〈0.01) and CXCR3 (2.4715±0.9074 vs 0.9200±0.5585, P 〈0.01) expressions on CD4^+ T cells of the CBA/J×DBA/2 group without any treatment were significantly higher than those of the CBA/J×BALB/c group. Significant up-regulation of CCR3 and down-regulation of CXCR3 were found in the CBA/J×DBA/2 group treated with IL-4 (CCR3: 2.0360±0.6944, CXCR3: 1.3510±0.5263, P〈0.01) or IL-4 and IL-10 (CCR3: 1.8160±1.0947, CXCR3:1.0940±0.7168, P〈0.01). Because of the CCR5, IL-4 and IL-10 (1.9400±0.8504 vs 3.0900±1.5603, P 〈0.05), but IL-4 alone (2.5310±1.3595 vs 3.0900±1.5603, P 〉0.05) treatment significantly decreased the expression of CCR5 in CBA/J×DBA/2. Conclusions The abnormal expression of CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3 on CD4^+ T cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous abortion. The pregnancy immune tolerance may be induced through selective induction of CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3 expressions by IL-4 together with IL-10.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (No.07ZR14072).We are grateful to Yael Saden Barach (Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York) for editing this manuscript.
文摘Background Previous studies have shown that local immune cells in the feto-maternal interface are recruited from peripheral blood, and that chemokines and their receptors play an initial and key role in this recruitment process. In this study, we aimed to determine whether spontaneous abortion is associated with the expression of chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR3 on CD4^+ T cells. Methods Peripheral blood, spleen, and thymus were collected from the spontaneous abortion mouse model CBA/JxDBA/2 (SA group, n=14), the normal pregnant mouse model CBA/JxBALB/c (NP group, n=13), and normal non-pregnant CBA/J mice (NNP group, n=11). The number of chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR3 expressed on CD4^+ T cells was measured by double-label flow cytometry (FCM) method. Results In peripheral blood, the SA group had significantly lower CCR3 expression (P 〈0.01) and higher CCR5 and CXCR3 expression (P 〈0.01) on CD4^+ T cells than did the NP group. But comparing these chemokines between the SA and NNP groups, there was no significant difference (P 〉0.05). In spleen, the SA group expressed significantly lower CCR3 expression (P 〈0.01) and higher CCR5 and CXCR3 expression (P 〈0.05) on CD4^+ T cells than did the NP group. When compared with the NNP group, the SA group had significantly higher CCR3 expression (P 〈0.01), but was not statistically different with regards to the other two chemokines (P 〉0.05). In thymus, the SA group had significantly lower CCR3 expression (P 〈0.05) and higher CXCR3 expression (P 〈0.05) on CD4^+ T cells than the NP group, with no significant difference in CCR5 expression (P 〉0.05). Compared with the NNP group, the SA group had higher CCR3 expression (P 〈0.01), but there was no statistical difference in CXCR3 and CCR5 expression (P 〉0.05) between the two groups. Conclusion The abnormal expression of CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3 on CD4^+ T cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous abortion.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.8157089181272981)+2 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7151003)Capital Medical University Fundamental Clinical Research Cooperation Fund(No.16JL73)Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’Ascent Plan(No.DFL20150201)
文摘AIM:To compare the clinical manifestation of cytomegalovirus(CMV)retinitis and microvascular retinopathy(MVR)in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)in China.METHODS:A total of 93 consecutive patients with AIDS,including 41 cases of CMV retinitis and 52 cases of MVR were retrospectively reviewed.Highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)status was recorded.HIV and CMV immunoassay were also tested.CD4+T-lymphocyte count and blood CMV-DNA test were performed in all patients.Aqueous humor CMV-DNA test was completed in 39patients.Ophthalmological examinations including best corrected visual acuity(BCVA,by International Standard Vision Chart),intraocular pressure(IOP),slit-lamp biomicroscopy,indirect ophthalmoscopy were performed.RESULTS:In MVR group,the anterior segment examination was normal in all patients with a mean BCVA of 0.93±0.13.Blood CMV-DNA was 0(0,269 000)and 42 patients(80.77%)did not receive HAART.In CMV retinitis group,13 patients(31.71%)had anterior segment abnormality.The mean BCVA was 0.64±0.35 and blood CMV-DNA was 3470(0,1 450 000).Nineteen patients(46.34%)had not received HAART.MVR group and CMV retinitis group the positive rates of aqueous CMV-DNA were 0 and 50%,respectively.Two patients with MVR progressed to CMV retinitis during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION:In comparison of CMV,patients with MVR have relatively mild visual function impairment.Careful ophthalmological examination and close follow-up are mandatory,especially for patients who have systemic complications,positive CMV-DNA test and without received HAART.
基金supported by the Public Program of the Science Technology Department,Zhejiang(2011C37077)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071092)
文摘In the current study, the alopecia areata gene was introduced into the C57BL/6 (B6) mouse through repeated backcrossing/intercrossing, and the allelic homozygosity of congenic AAtJmice (named B6.KM-AA) was verified using microsatellites. The gross appearance, growth characteristics, pathological changes in skin, and major organs of B6.KM-AA mice were observed. Counts and proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Results show that congenic B6.KM-AA mice were obtained after 10 generations of backcrossing/intercrossing. B6.KM-AA mice grew slower than B6 control mice and AA skin lesions were developed by four weeks of age. The number of hair follicles was reduced, but hair structures were normal. Loss of hair during disease progression was associated with CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes infiltration peri- and intrahair follicles. No pathological changes were found in other organs except for the skin. In the peripheral blood of B6.KM-AA mice, the percentage of CD4+ T cells was lower and percentage of CD8+ T cells higher than in control mice. These findings indicate that B6.KM-AA mice are characterized by a dysfunctional immune system, retarded development and T-cell infiltration mediated hair loss, making them a promising new animal model for human alopecia areata.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30271236).
文摘The biological features of intrahepatic CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T regulatory cells in the naturally tolerance of rat liver transplantation were explored.Orthotopic liver transplan-tation was performed in two allogeneic rat strain combina-tions,one with fatal immunosuppression despite a complete major histocompatibility complex mismatch.The subjects were divided into three groups according to different donors and recipients[Tolerance group:LEW-to-DA;Rejection group:DA-to-LEW;Syngegnic group(control group):DA-to-DA].The proportion of intrahepatic CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T cells from three groups was determined by flow cytometry(FCM)in different time.The intrahepaitc CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T cells were isolated by magnetic activated cell sorting(MACS)method and identified by FCM.The Foxp3 mRNA was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).And their suppression on the proliferation of CD4^(+)CD25^(-)T effector cells was analyzed by cell proliferation assay in vitro.Beginning immediately after transplantation,the proportion of Treg cells increased over time in both allogeneic groups but was significantly greater in the Rejection group.The pro-portion of Treg cells declined after day 5,and such reduction was more dramatic in the Rejection group than in the Tole-rance group.Animals in the Tolerance group showed a second increase in the proportion after day 14.Intrahepatic CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T cells isolated from spontaneous tolerance models inhibited the proliferation of mixed lymphocyte reaction.The purity of CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Tcells sorted by MACS was 86%–93%.The CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T cells could specifically express the Foxp3 gene compared with CD4^(+)CD25^(-)T cells.In vitro,the spleen cells from LEW rats can irritate the proliferation of CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T cells more obviously than the syngegnic spleen cells.CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Tr cells could suppress the proliferation of CD4^(+)CD25^(-)T cells,but the inhibition was reversed by exo-genous IL-2(200 U/mL).The CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T regulatory cells specifically express the Foxp3 gene,which may play animpor-tant role in the induction of liver transplantation tolerance by suppressing the reaction of effective T cells.
文摘The field of tumor immunology has produced in the recent years a revolution in cancer therapeutics putting an end in the long lasting frustration of investigators in the area stemming from largely unsuccessful strides to develop cancer vaccines. This progress has come from the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies blocking ligand/receptor pairs with inhibitory effects for immune cells. Through this blockade immune checkpoint blockers are able to ac-tivate the immune system and create an anti-tumoral effect. A significant sub-set of patients with various types of cancers such as melanoma, lung carcinomas and urothelial cancers benefit from treatment with these drugs and survivals have improved in some ca-ses. However other cancers are primarily resistant to immune blockers and secondary resistance is also the norm. Radiation therapy is often used in the palliative treatment of patients with advanced cancers and, in addition to the local effect in the irradiated field, it may in rare cases produce a systemic antitumor effect, termed "abscopal". This effect has been suggested to be produced by immune mechanisms. Thus an opportunity presents for a synergistic effect of immune stimulation between radiation and immune blockade inhibitors. The therapeutic opportunities presented with the combination of radiation and these drugs for gastrointestinal cancers will be discussed in this editorial overview.
基金This work is supported by the grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2018JJ6043)the Health and Family Plans commission of Hunan Province,China(No.B20180815)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhuzhou City,Hunan Province,China(No.20160104).
文摘Background:The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis(MS)is mediated primarily by T cells,but most studies of MS and its animal model,experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),have focused on CD4^+ T cells.The aims of the current study were to determine the pathological interrelationship between CD4 and CD8 autoreactive T cells in MS/EAE.Methods:Female C57BL/6 mice(n=20)were induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG)35-55 peptide.At 14 days after immunization,T cells were isolated from the spleen and purified as CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells by using CD4 and CD8 isolation kits,and then the purity was determined by flow cytometric analysis.These cells were stimulated by MOG35–55 peptide and applied to proliferation assays.The interferon-gamma(IFN-γ)and interleukin(IL)-4 secretion of supernatant of cultured CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA).For adoptive transfer,recipient mice were injected with MOG35–55-specific CD8^+ or CD4^+ T cells.EAE clinical course was measured by EAE score at 0–5 scale and spinal cord was examined by staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Luxol fast blue staining.Results:CD8^+ CD3^+ and CD4^+ CD3^+ cells were 86%and 94%pure of total CD3^+ cells after CD8/CD4 bead enrichment,respectively.These cells were stimulated by MOG35–55 peptide and applied to proliferation assays.Although the CD8^+ T cells had a generally lower response to MOG35–55 than CD4^+ T cells,the response of CD8^+ T cells was not always dependent on CD4.CD8^+ T cell secreted less IFN-γand IL-4 compared with CD4^+ T cells.EAE was induced in wildtype B6 na?ve mice by adoptive transfer of MOG35–55-specific T cells from B6 active-induced EAE(aEAE)mice.A similar EAE score and slight inflammation and demyelination were found in naive B6 mice after transferring of CD8^+ T cells from immunized B6 mice compared with transfer of CD4^+ T cells.Conclusion:Our data suggest that CD8^+ autoreactive T cells in EAE have a lower encephalitogenic function but are unique and independent on pathogenic of EAE rather than their CD4^+ counterparts.
文摘Background Cigarette smoke induces an acute but persisting inflammation in peripheral blood and airway in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),and CD8+ Tc-lymphocytes are considered as a key role in this process.We aimed to investigate the Tc-lymphocytes immunodeviation in system and local airway of COPD patients and changes of the immunodeviation after short-term smoking cessation.Methods Peripheral blood (PB) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected from 42 patients (14 COPD patients,16 smokers with normal lung function and 12 nonsmokers),while PB and induced sputum (IS) were obtained from other 19 patients (10 quitting smokers and 9 continuing smokers) at baseline and follow-up respectively of 4-week smoking cessation.Percentages of CD8+ Tc-lymphocytes (%CD3+) and Tc1/Tc2 ratios were measured by flow cytometry.Results Percentages of CD8+ Tc-lymphocytes were higher in COPD patients than those in smokers and nonsmokers in both PB and BALF.Tc1/Tc2 ratio in PB and in BALF from COPD patients was greater than that from smokers and nonsmokers and negatively correlated with FEV1%pre.When comparing the ratios between PB and BALF,significantly positive correlation was found in COPD patients.Furthermore,after 4-week smoking cessation,percentages of CD8+ Tc-lymphocytes in PB and IS in quitting smokers were decreased compared to that in baseline and continuing smokers,whereas Tc1/Tc2 ratios were not influenced.Conclusions CD8+ Tc1-trend immunodeviation profiles occurred in both system and local airway of COPD patients.This exceptional immunodeviation could not be relieved by short-term smoking cessation.
文摘Background The number of critically ill immunocompromised (CIIC) patients has increased dramatically in recent years,and they represent a high risk population for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) infection.Host immunity should play a major role in determining the outcome and recovery of these patients.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dynamic changes in host immune status and its potential influence on prognosis in CIIC patients with IPA.Methods We monitored the evolution of a number of key cellular and humoral parameters on days 1,3,and 10 (D1,D3 and D10) following ICU admission in sixty-two CIIC patients with microbiological evidence of IPA.We included immunoglobulins IgG,IgA and IgM,complement factors C3 and C4,and lymphocyte subgroups CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD28+CD4+,and CD28+CD8+ T cells,CD19+B cells,and CD3-CD16+CD56+ natural killer cells (NK).Results The primary outcome was 28-day mortality.Thirty-eight (61.3%) patients died within the 28 days following ICU admission.Compared to patients who died,CD3+,CD8+,CD28+CD8+ T-cell counts on D1,D3,and D10,CD28+CD4+ T-cell counts on D3 and D10,and NK counts on D3 and D10 were significantly higher in survivors.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of immune parameters predicting 28-day mortality revealed area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.82 (95% CI 0.71-0.92),0.94 (95% CI 0.87-0.99),and 0.94 (95% CI 0.85-0.99) for CD8+ T-cell counts for D1,D3,and D10 respectively,and 0.84 (95% CI 0.75-0.94),0.92 (95% CI 0.85-0.99),and 0.90 (95% CI 0.79-0.99) for CD28+CD8+ T-cell counts for D1,D3,and D10 respectively.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that CD8+ T-cell counts <149.5×106 cells/L and CD28+CD8+ T-cell counts <75×106 cells/L at ICU admission were associated with lower survival probabilities in CIIC patients with IPA (both Log rank:P<0.001).Conclusions Low CD8+ and CD28+CD8+ T-cell counts were associated with high mortality in CIIC patients with IPA.Early counts of CD8+ and CD28+CD8+ T cells in CIIC patients with IPA may be valuable for predicting outcome.
基金supported by Key Plans of Hunan Administration Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.201915 to YP)the grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province.China(No.2018JJ6043 to YP)the Health and Family Plans commission of Hunan Province,China(No.B20180815to YP)。
文摘Background:Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction(HQGZWW)exhibits good effects when administered to treat multiple sclerosis(MS)and its animal model,experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE).Understanding the precise mechanism of this decoction is thus important.Based on the findings of our previous study,the aim of the present study was to understand the role of antigen-specific CD8^(+)T-cells on the pathogene sis of MS/EAE when HQGZWW is administered as treatment.Methods:Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG);-induced mice were administered distilled water,prednisone,and high dose or low dose HQGZWW.After purified CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T-cells were stimulated with the MOG;peptide,proliferation and cytokine secretion assays were performed.To establish the adoptive transfer EAE model,naive mice were injected with MOG;-CD8^(+)or CD4^(+)T-cells.Results:Significant improvements in EAE score and pathology were observed in the high dose HQGZWW and prednisone groups.Compared to the low dose HQGZWW and distilled water groups,lower antigen-specific re sponses,lower levels of interferon-gamma,and higher levels of interleukin(IL)-4 and IL-10 from CD8^(+)and CD4^(+)T cells were observed in the high dose HQGZWW and prednisone groups.Finally,the EAE score was observed to be similar between the high dose HQGZWW group and prednisone group;however,this finding was not observed in the low dose HQGZWW group.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that high dose HQGZWW has similar effects on cell proliferation,cytokine secretion,and EAE score to prednisone,while low dose HQGZWW does not have such effect.The protective role of HQGZWW against EAE might thus depend on the Th2 cytokine secretion profile induced by either MOG;specific CD8^(+)or CD4^(+)T-cells.