Objective: To determine the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the onset of stroke in people living with HIV. Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study from January to July 2019, in the neurology ...Objective: To determine the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the onset of stroke in people living with HIV. Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study from January to July 2019, in the neurology department of loandjili general hospital, including any patient hospitalized for a first episode of stroke confirmed by brain scan. The study variables were: age, sex, CRP value, serum T cell CD4+, CD8+. The statistical analysis was carried out using the EPI info 7 software. Results: Twenty stroke patients were included. The relative frequency of HIV was 20%. The risk factors were potentiated by immunosuppression of CD4+ T cells. Sixty percent (60%) of the patients had a CD4+ count < 200/mm<sup>3</sup> and the mean CD4+ count was ±191/mm<sup>3</sup>. Stroke was the predominant mechanism of injury with a frequency of 70%, the only injury mechanism of stroke in patients with CD8+ T cell count > 800/mm<sup>3</sup> (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Risk factors are potentiated by TCD4+ lymphocyte immunosupression, also CD8+ lymphocytes of immune system activation marker are a cardiovascular risk factor for living people with HIV.展开更多
Recently, the human cochlea has been shown to contain numerous resident macrophages under steady-state. The macrophages accumulate in the stria vascularis, among the auditory nerves, and are also spotted in the human ...Recently, the human cochlea has been shown to contain numerous resident macrophages under steady-state. The macrophages accumulate in the stria vascularis, among the auditory nerves, and are also spotted in the human organ of Corti. These macrophages may process antigens reaching the cochlea by invasion of pathogens and insertion of CI electrode. Thus, macrophages execute an innate, and possibly an adaptive immunity. Here, we describe the molecular markers CD4 and CD8 of T cells, macrophage markers MHCⅡ and CD11b, as well as the microglial markers TEME119 and P2Y12, in the human cochlea. Immunohistochemistry and the advantageous super-resolution structured illumination microscopy(SR-SIM) were used in the study. CD4^+ and CD8^+ cells were found in the human cochleae. They were seen in the modiolus in a substantial number adjacent to the vessels, in the peripheral region of the Rosenthal's canal, and occasionally in the spiral ligament. While there are a surprisingly large number of macrophages in the stria vascularis as well as between the auditory neurons,CD4^+ and CD8^+ cells are hardly seen in these areas, and neither are seen in the organ of Corti. In the modiolus,macrophages, CD4^+ and CD8^+ cells appeared often in clusters. Interaction between these different cells was easily observed with SR-SIM, showing closely placed cell bodies, and the processes from macrophages reaching out and touching the lymphocytes. Otherwise the CD4^+ and CD8^+ cells in human cochlear tissue are discretely scattered. The possible roles of these immune cells are speculated.展开更多
Autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)is a rare form of pan-creatitis characterized by prominent lymphocyte inf iltration and pancreatic f ibrosis resulting in organ dysfunc-tion.The pathogenesis and pathology of AIP remain unk...Autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)is a rare form of pan-creatitis characterized by prominent lymphocyte inf iltration and pancreatic f ibrosis resulting in organ dysfunc-tion.The pathogenesis and pathology of AIP remain unknown.A 64-year-old Chinese man presented with symptoms and signs of bile duct obstruction diffuse enlargement of the head of pancreas,elevated IgG levels,and negative autoimmune antibody responses.A pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy was per-formed and a pancreatic tumor was suspected.Howev-er,periductal lymphoplasmacytic inf iltration and f ibrosis were found in the head of pancreas and nearby organs instead of tumor cells.Four months after surgery,the patient was readmitted because of reoccurrence ofsevere jaundice and sustained abdominal distension.Prednisone 30 mg/d was administered orally as an AIP was suspected.One and a half months later,the symp-toms of the patient disappeared,and globulin,amino-transferase and bilirubin levels decreased signif icantly.Over a 9-mo follow-up period,the dose of prednisone was gradually decreased to 10 mg/d and the patient remained in good condition.We further demonstrated dominant CD3+/CD8+ populations,CD20+ cells and a few CD4+ cells in the pancreatic parenchyma,duo-denum and gallbladder wall by immunohistochemical assay.This AIP case presented with signif icant CD8+ T lymphocyte inf iltration in the pancreas and extra-pan-creatic lesions,indicating that this cell population may be more important in mediating AIP pathogenesis than previously known and that AIP might be a poorly defined autoimmune disease with heterogeneous pathogenesis.展开更多
文摘Objective: To determine the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the onset of stroke in people living with HIV. Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study from January to July 2019, in the neurology department of loandjili general hospital, including any patient hospitalized for a first episode of stroke confirmed by brain scan. The study variables were: age, sex, CRP value, serum T cell CD4+, CD8+. The statistical analysis was carried out using the EPI info 7 software. Results: Twenty stroke patients were included. The relative frequency of HIV was 20%. The risk factors were potentiated by immunosuppression of CD4+ T cells. Sixty percent (60%) of the patients had a CD4+ count < 200/mm<sup>3</sup> and the mean CD4+ count was ±191/mm<sup>3</sup>. Stroke was the predominant mechanism of injury with a frequency of 70%, the only injury mechanism of stroke in patients with CD8+ T cell count > 800/mm<sup>3</sup> (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Risk factors are potentiated by TCD4+ lymphocyte immunosupression, also CD8+ lymphocytes of immune system activation marker are a cardiovascular risk factor for living people with HIV.
基金supported by ALF and private funds from Borje Runogard,Swedenpartly supported by MED-EL,Inc.,Innsbruck,Austria
文摘Recently, the human cochlea has been shown to contain numerous resident macrophages under steady-state. The macrophages accumulate in the stria vascularis, among the auditory nerves, and are also spotted in the human organ of Corti. These macrophages may process antigens reaching the cochlea by invasion of pathogens and insertion of CI electrode. Thus, macrophages execute an innate, and possibly an adaptive immunity. Here, we describe the molecular markers CD4 and CD8 of T cells, macrophage markers MHCⅡ and CD11b, as well as the microglial markers TEME119 and P2Y12, in the human cochlea. Immunohistochemistry and the advantageous super-resolution structured illumination microscopy(SR-SIM) were used in the study. CD4^+ and CD8^+ cells were found in the human cochleae. They were seen in the modiolus in a substantial number adjacent to the vessels, in the peripheral region of the Rosenthal's canal, and occasionally in the spiral ligament. While there are a surprisingly large number of macrophages in the stria vascularis as well as between the auditory neurons,CD4^+ and CD8^+ cells are hardly seen in these areas, and neither are seen in the organ of Corti. In the modiolus,macrophages, CD4^+ and CD8^+ cells appeared often in clusters. Interaction between these different cells was easily observed with SR-SIM, showing closely placed cell bodies, and the processes from macrophages reaching out and touching the lymphocytes. Otherwise the CD4^+ and CD8^+ cells in human cochlear tissue are discretely scattered. The possible roles of these immune cells are speculated.
文摘Autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)is a rare form of pan-creatitis characterized by prominent lymphocyte inf iltration and pancreatic f ibrosis resulting in organ dysfunc-tion.The pathogenesis and pathology of AIP remain unknown.A 64-year-old Chinese man presented with symptoms and signs of bile duct obstruction diffuse enlargement of the head of pancreas,elevated IgG levels,and negative autoimmune antibody responses.A pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy was per-formed and a pancreatic tumor was suspected.Howev-er,periductal lymphoplasmacytic inf iltration and f ibrosis were found in the head of pancreas and nearby organs instead of tumor cells.Four months after surgery,the patient was readmitted because of reoccurrence ofsevere jaundice and sustained abdominal distension.Prednisone 30 mg/d was administered orally as an AIP was suspected.One and a half months later,the symp-toms of the patient disappeared,and globulin,amino-transferase and bilirubin levels decreased signif icantly.Over a 9-mo follow-up period,the dose of prednisone was gradually decreased to 10 mg/d and the patient remained in good condition.We further demonstrated dominant CD3+/CD8+ populations,CD20+ cells and a few CD4+ cells in the pancreatic parenchyma,duo-denum and gallbladder wall by immunohistochemical assay.This AIP case presented with signif icant CD8+ T lymphocyte inf iltration in the pancreas and extra-pan-creatic lesions,indicating that this cell population may be more important in mediating AIP pathogenesis than previously known and that AIP might be a poorly defined autoimmune disease with heterogeneous pathogenesis.
