Hesperidin is a dihydroflavonoids, accounting for more than 50% of the total flavonoids in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium(CRP) of traditional Chinese medicine. It is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger ...Hesperidin is a dihydroflavonoids, accounting for more than 50% of the total flavonoids in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium(CRP) of traditional Chinese medicine. It is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger that has anti-inflammatory, antiviral and hypoglycemic properties.The latest studies reported that hesperidin has a potential for novel coronavirus resistance. However, little is known about the synthesis regulation and accumulation site of hesperidin in plants. In this study, hesperidin synthase gene Crc1,6RhaT was cloned, and the protein can be completely transformed flavanone-7-O-glucoside into hesperidin in vitro and in vivo. Studies on biological characteristics of ovary walls and exocarps showed that the relative expression levels of the Crc1,6RhaT gene and protein decreased gradually with the development of citrus fruits, and the relative content of hesperidin firstly increased, then sequentially decreased. In situ hybridization results further revealed that Crc1,6RhaT transcription was mainly concentrated in the secretory cavity cells, which are revealed to be the site of flavonoid synthesis.Immunocytochemistry localization results showed that the Crc1,6RhaT was mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus and vacuole of secretory cells. We inferred that the Crc1,6RhaT was synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, then was transported into the vacuoles through enlarged vesicles at the end of the endoplasmic reticulum. Our results not only revealed that Crc1,6RhaT may be involved in the synthesis of hesperidin of the main bioactive substance in the medicinal plant Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi' fruit, but also provided novel insights into the main subcellular sites of hesperidin biosynthesis in vacuoles.展开更多
临床研究协调员在临床试验中承担介绍知情同意内容、与受试者沟通、收集数据、样本管理和协助试验实施等工作,对确保临床试验的伦理合理性、科学性及试验数据的可信度方面起重要保证作用。中国临床研究协调员(clinical research coordin...临床研究协调员在临床试验中承担介绍知情同意内容、与受试者沟通、收集数据、样本管理和协助试验实施等工作,对确保临床试验的伦理合理性、科学性及试验数据的可信度方面起重要保证作用。中国临床研究协调员(clinical research coordinator,CRC)于近年引入,并处于蓬勃发展中。在研究机构可见多种CRC的存在模式。由于目前尚缺乏统一的行业标准,研究机构在CRC的管理过程中存在不少的难点。随着认识的不断提高,行业规范和共识的逐步形成,最终将不断规范,从而促进我国医药事业的发展。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.32270381)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong (Grant No.2022A1515011086)+2 种基金Key Realm R&D Program of Guangdong Province (Grant No.2020B020221001)Provincial Special Fund for Modern Agriculture Industry Technology Innovation Teams (Grant No.2019KJ125)Research Fund of Maoming Branch,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Grant No.2022KF009)。
文摘Hesperidin is a dihydroflavonoids, accounting for more than 50% of the total flavonoids in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium(CRP) of traditional Chinese medicine. It is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger that has anti-inflammatory, antiviral and hypoglycemic properties.The latest studies reported that hesperidin has a potential for novel coronavirus resistance. However, little is known about the synthesis regulation and accumulation site of hesperidin in plants. In this study, hesperidin synthase gene Crc1,6RhaT was cloned, and the protein can be completely transformed flavanone-7-O-glucoside into hesperidin in vitro and in vivo. Studies on biological characteristics of ovary walls and exocarps showed that the relative expression levels of the Crc1,6RhaT gene and protein decreased gradually with the development of citrus fruits, and the relative content of hesperidin firstly increased, then sequentially decreased. In situ hybridization results further revealed that Crc1,6RhaT transcription was mainly concentrated in the secretory cavity cells, which are revealed to be the site of flavonoid synthesis.Immunocytochemistry localization results showed that the Crc1,6RhaT was mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus and vacuole of secretory cells. We inferred that the Crc1,6RhaT was synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, then was transported into the vacuoles through enlarged vesicles at the end of the endoplasmic reticulum. Our results not only revealed that Crc1,6RhaT may be involved in the synthesis of hesperidin of the main bioactive substance in the medicinal plant Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi' fruit, but also provided novel insights into the main subcellular sites of hesperidin biosynthesis in vacuoles.
文摘临床研究协调员在临床试验中承担介绍知情同意内容、与受试者沟通、收集数据、样本管理和协助试验实施等工作,对确保临床试验的伦理合理性、科学性及试验数据的可信度方面起重要保证作用。中国临床研究协调员(clinical research coordinator,CRC)于近年引入,并处于蓬勃发展中。在研究机构可见多种CRC的存在模式。由于目前尚缺乏统一的行业标准,研究机构在CRC的管理过程中存在不少的难点。随着认识的不断提高,行业规范和共识的逐步形成,最终将不断规范,从而促进我国医药事业的发展。
