Traffic Calming in Historic District Conservation

The Historic Conservation District(HCD) is an important target for urban heritage protection in China. The spatial characteristics of its road system,formed before the appearance of automobile,do not adapt to the car traffic. In the context of very rapid motorization in Chinese cities,the increase in car traffic brings an inevitable trouble for the protection of HCDs. Road widening and pedestrianization are two popular solutions to this problem in current practices; however,both of them may lead to negative consequences. Inspired by the development of Zone 30 in European cities,this paper firstly cleared up first some misunderstandings of the concept of traffic calming,then taking the inner city of Paris as an example,explained how traffic calming measures can be implemented in HCDs and what effects will be generated. Finally,it discussed the possible application of traffic calming measures in HCDs projects in China and pointed out the specific situations of Chinese cities to which the planners should pay more attention.

Traffic Calming in Quebec： Speed Humps and Speed Cushions

Speed management is an essential tool in ensuring the improved safety of users of urban roads, particularly vulnerable users. It relies on several measures： awareness campaigns, speed control, as well as the development and operation of the road infrastructure. Municipalities in Quebec are increasingly resorting to the development of traffic calming measures, and are facing numerous questions concerning their installation and their effectiveness. To respond to this need, the ministere des Transports du Quebec （Quebec Department of Transport） has begun publishing a series of fact sheets on a variety of traffic calming measures, including speed humps and speed cushions, raised crosswalks and intersections, neckdowns, centre islands and chicanes. A general fact sheet introduces all of the measures and notably outlines the procedure for pre-implementation analysis. Each fact sheet dedicated to an individual measure outlines the implementation context, advantages and disadvantages, geometric characteristics, effectiveness at reducing speed, and maintenance requirements, including winter maintenance. Two fact sheets are already published： the general fact sheet and the fact sheet on speed humps and speed cushions. The fact sheets as well as examples of measures implemented in municipalities are available on the minist6re＇s web site under Partenaires-Municipalites-Securite routiere.

Application of Traffic Calming Devices in Developing Countries: Learning Lesson from Bangladesh

Traffic calming devices become more favorable for many cities to manage traffic in urban as well as neighborhood areas. Many developing cities already initiated the implementation, while the process has a wide variation in both quality and quantity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the justification of speed humps in urban roads and also to recommend a guideline for installation of speed humps as a traffic calming device in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. It was found that there are vast variations in the implementation, while general public also express an immense disparity of perception about devices quality and suitability and their agreement. Lesson learned from Dhaka City shows that selecting an appropriate placement and dimension of the traffic humps is an urgent requirement to be solved by government by providing standards, guidelines, and policy when there is an initiative to implement or improve traffic calming application.

Campus Traffic Calming: A Case Study of Xipu Campus, Southwest Jiaotong University

With an increasingly number of cars on campus, the campus is faced with challenges of traffic order and safety. This paper, based on traffic calming and practical experience, took the Xipu campus of Southwest Jiaotong University as an example. Grounded on the traffic situation and characteristics of Xipu campus, the study analyzed the concept of traffic calming and its engineering measures, put forward traffic calming design scheme for Qiuhua Road on the Xipu campus with practical application of campus traffic characteristics, and stated the significance of campus traffic calming for its driving effect in creating an atmosphere of "environment cultivation" on campus. Finally, this paper discussed the development and application of traffic calming in China.

Using Differential Reinforcement in the Presence of Stressors to Teach Self Calming

Anxiety is a problem affecting 31%of Americans(NIMH,2017),especially people diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Some popular treatments have demonstrated at least moderate efficacy with various populations,though most require the learner to demonstrate significant verbal repertoires.The current study tested the efficacy of a selectionist intervention combining systematic desensitization,positive feedback,and temporary interruption of positive feedback contingent upon indices of stress for the treatment of two stressors for one student diagnosed with Severe(Level 1)Autism Spectrum Disorder,with minimal verbal skills.This treatment package has come to be known,colloquially,as“calm counts”.

Speed Profile as a Tool to Estimate Traffic Calming Measures Efficiency

TCMs （traffic calming measures） are commonly installed in order to reduce speeds and volumes of traffic to acceptable levels and, thus, improve traffic safety as well as environmental impact when designed appropriately as a corridor or aerial implementation with proper spacing. Hence in many previous studies, their impact was mainly evaluated in scope of average and 85th percentile speed reduction. This paper presents and appraises the efficiency of calming measures of various types used in the city of Bialystok, Poland in terms of their influence zone. The assessment is based on speed profiles derived from individual test rides conducted with test vehicle equipped with GPS （global positioning system） data logger to obtain vehicle trajectory data. Speed measurements were conducted in vicinity of most commonly installed calming measures such as speed cameras, raised pedestrian crossing, raised intersection, speed bumps and speed cushion. The results reveal great differences within analysed devices and the usefulness of speed profiles in evaluation of their effectiveness. Speed bumps, most frequently used device in practice due to their low cost installation and speed reduction effectiveness, demonstrate lowest usefulness when influence zone is considered.

Qingcheng Mountain-A Calming Influence

A shimmering movement rustles millions of leaves and the trees seem to have taken on a life of their own. There was no wind blowing, which could only mean one thing. Birds - lots of them. The thousands of egrets that infest the dense forest at the entrance to mystical Qingcheng Mountain are more than just wildlife. They have become a tourist attraction in their own right, and if they seem

Assessing the impacts of traffic calming at network level:A multimodal agent-based simulation

The reduction of speed limits in urban roads through traffic calming schemes intends to ensure safer traffic conditions among road users by reducing the probability related to the occurrence of severe accident.Looking it from a different perspective,traffic calming measures can potentially resolve congestion problems at the same time by lowering the overall accessibility and attractiveness of private cars in urban areas.This study proposes a new methodological approach to explore and assess the direct impacts of traffic calming in the transport system efficiency of a metropolitan area.The multi-agent transport simulation(MATSim)and Open-Berlin scenario are utilized to perform this simulation experiment.By developing a new external tool,the free flow speed and road capacity of each network link is updated based on new speed limits and different compliance rates,which are defined per road hierarchy level.The test scenarios that are formulated present radical conditions,where the speed limit in most urban roads of Berlin drops to 30 km/h or even 15 km/h.The findings of this study show a considerably high increase in trips,passenger hours,and passenger kilometers using public transport modes,when traffic calming links are introduced,the reserve change is observed in private cars trips.Although the speed limits are decreased in inner urban roads in most of the scenarios,the decrease of average travel speed of private cars is not so high as it was expected.Surprisingly,private cars are used for longer distances in all test scenarios.Car drivers seem to use already existed motorways and private road to commute.In simulations,driver compliance to the new speed limits seems to be a determinant factor that is strongly influenced by the design interventions applied in a traffic calming area.

雌激素介导circZNF423作为ceRNA调控oar-miR-541-3p/CALM3通路促进绵羊成肌细胞增殖

【背景】雌激素是雌性哺乳动物卵巢组织分泌的主要激素,其对肌肉的生长发育起着重要的调控作用,circRNA已被发现参与多种与肌肉生长发育相关的信号通路。【目的】根据团队前期卵巢摘除苏尼特羊与假手术苏尼特羊全转录组整合分析发现circZNF423可作为内源性竞争RNA(ceRNA)调控oar-miR-541-3p/CALM3的表达。为进一步探究雌激素在绵羊肌肉生长中分子机制,通过体外培养绵羊原代成肌细胞,检测成肌细胞中外源添加雌激素介导circZNF423调控oar-miR-541-3p/CALM3对成肌细胞增殖的影响,为进一步研究雌激素及circRNA在绵羊生长发育性状中的作用机制提供理论依据,为绵羊分子设计育种提供新的研究思路。【方法】采集绵羊背最长肌组织,对绵羊原代成肌细胞进行体外分离培养,通过免疫荧光染色、RNA原位杂交(FISH)和核质分离试验确定circZNF423在成肌细胞中的表达位置;RNAhybrid在线软件预测circZNF423、oar-miR-541-3p和CALM3存在结合关系,通过双荧光素酶活性检测和生物素标记的miRNA下拉试验验证circZNF423和oar-miR-541-3p、oar-miR-541-3p和CALM3结合情况;体外构建合成circZNF423过表达或干扰载体、oar-miR-541-3p的模拟物(mimics)或抑制剂(inhibitor)、CALM3过表达或干扰载体,在绵羊原代成肌细胞中进行转染,利用RT-qPCR、Western blot、EdU和CCK-8检测绵羊成肌细胞增殖标志因子的表达和成肌细胞增殖情况;为进一步明确雌激素在绵羊肌肉生长发育中的作用,体外添加不同浓度的外源性雌二醇(E2),利用RT-qPCR、Western blot、CCK-8和EdU检测绵羊肌细胞增殖标志基因的表达变化。【结果】免疫荧光染色显示分离的原代细胞为绵羊成肌细胞,可用于后续功能验证;RNA原位杂交和核质分离试验表明,circZNF423主要在绵羊成肌细胞质中表达。RNAhybrid、双荧光素酶活性检测和生物素标记的miRNA下拉试验结果表明,circZNF423与oar-miR-541-3p、oar-miR-541-3p与CALM33’UTR之间均存在显著的结合关系;抑制circZNF423/CALM3表达或过表达oar-miR-541-3p后,绵羊成肌细胞增殖标志因子PCNA、CDK2和Pax7 mRNA与蛋白表达水平一致,均显著上调(P<0.05或P<0.01);EdU和CCK8结果表明,抑制circZNF423/CALM3表达或过表达oar-miR-541-3p后,绵羊成肌细胞增殖率显著上升(P<0.05);过表达circZNF423/CALM3或抑制oar-miR-541-3p后则相反。添加不同浓度外源雌二醇(E2)后,在浓度为10 nmol·L^(-1)时绵羊成肌细胞增殖标志因子表达最高,显著高于1和100 nmol·L^(-1)的添加浓度(P<0.05或P<0.01);绵羊肌细胞增殖标志因子PCNA、CDK2和Pax7mRNA和蛋白表达水平一致,均显著上调,circZNF423和CALM3的表达量显著降低,oar-miR-541-3p的表达量显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);EdU和CCK8结果显示,体外添加雌二醇后绵羊成肌细胞增殖率显著升高(P<0.05)。【结论】绵羊成肌细胞中circZNF423作为ceRNA调控oar-miR-541-3p和CALM3的结合及表达,添加外源雌激素可通过抑制circZNF423/oar-miR-541-3p/CALM3通路促进绵羊肌肉细胞的增殖。这些结果为揭示雌激素及circZNF423在绵羊骨骼肌发育性状中的分子机制提供理论基础。

Calming Troubled Waters

China and Japan agree to jointly develop energy resources in theEast China Sea China and Japan have reached a"principled consensus" aimed atleading to joint development ofChunxiao gas field in the East ChinaSea. Agreed on June 18, this came onemonth after Chinese President Hu Jintao’svisit to Japan, during which emergedreports of a pending breakthrough in bilat-

Calming Local Debt Fears

Local governments in China, barred from directly selling bonds and taking out bank loans, have set up thousands of financing vehicles to raise money to fund infrastructure projects. A first-ever audit found that these local government financing vehicles have accumulated a record breaking debt of 10.7 trillion yuan ($1.7 trillion).But there’s no need to panic over this debt, said Xu Lin, Director of the Department of Fiscal and Financial Affairs of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), in a question-andanswer statement posted on the NDRC’s website on August 29.Edited excerpts follow:

Doctor Song Fuyin's Experience in Treating Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Based on Qi,Blood Essence and Spirit Syndrome Differentiation Stage Classification

The paper systematically summarizes the experience of Director Song Fuyin in treating Hashimoto's thyroiditis which is a typical emotional disease that causes obvious changes in organ morphology and endocrine and body fluid metabolism.It belongs to the category of psychosomatic diseases,and is the embodiment of a series of pathogenesis processes of qi disease,blood disease,essence disease and deformation in TCM theory.The whole course of the disease is dominated by the dialectical relationship of mutual influence,mutual control,mutual root and mutual use among the deity disease,qi disease,blood disease,essence and spiritual disease.Therefore,the treatment emphasizes the dialectical relationship based on qi,blood,essence and spirit.At the beginning,the treatment focuses on regulating qi and clearing heat and eliminating phlegm;at the middle stage,the treatment focuses on replenishing essence and promoting yang and eliminating wind and calming the deity;at the late stage,the treatment focuses on replenishing qi and eliminating phlegm and promoting collages.Flexible use of calming the spirits,regulating qi,dispersing essence,eliminating phlegm,promoting blood and other methods of stage classification treatment,can be targeted,improve the cure rate of the disease.This article aims to clarify the experience of Director Song Fuyin in treating Hashimoto's thyroiditis based on syndrome differentiation of qi,blood essence and spirit.

CALM型单点系泊系统动态响应规律研究

以孟加拉海域单点系泊工程为依托,采用OrcaFlex水动力模拟软件,对初选的CALM型单点系泊方案进行关键参数敏感性分析。考察无油轮靠泊状态下各方案的系泊锚链张力、浮筒位移等参数是否满足系统安全性要求;将无油轮靠泊状态下的较优方案进行3 h有油轮靠泊时域分析,考察系泊锚链和系泊缆张力、浮筒和油轮运动以及锚链躺地段长度及变化规律,并选定最优系泊方案。

Theory of the Origin of Terrestrial and Lunar Ores

In this study, the theory of ore formation on the Earth and the Moon was developed. It is shown that ore deposits on the Earth and the Moon were mainly formed simultaneously with the separation of the Moon from the protoplanet and the formation of the oldest continents. The formation of terrestrial ores occurred as a result of the release of intermediate and heavy chemical elements from the deep layers of the protoplanet and the subsequent process of adhesion to old terrestrial geological faults. The time of terrestrial and lunar ores formations corresponds to the boundary between the Tonian and Cryogenian Periods (~720 Ma). Lunar ore formation processes are different on the near and far sides. The farside of the Moon is a single piece of the protoplanetary lithosphere, so ores there could be formed mainly due to the overflow of igneous rocks over the edge of the lunar continent. On the nearside, due to the rapid cooling, ores were formed in the area of navel-string during the drip-liquid separation of the Moon from the Earth. Due to the fact that the Moon separated at the first stage, the amount of water and methane on it is limited. In periods after the Cryogenian, volcanic, lava and sedimentary rocks on Earth could be enriched with intermediate elements due to the disruption of vertical stratification during galactic storms. To analyze this, a comparison of terrestrial volcanic and lunar pseudo-volcanic activity was carried out in the work.

四川白鹅Calm1结构特征及其差异表达的研究

为阐明鹅Calm1基因结构特征及其表达规律。克隆四川白鹅Calm1基因编码区序列并进行生物信息学分析,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测鹅不同等级卵泡和不同组织中Calm1基因的相对表达量。鹅Calm1基因编码区序列全长为450 bp,编码149个氨基酸,其氨基酸序列与原鸡相似性为99%。鹅大脑中Calm1表达量显著高于其他组织(P<0.05)。Calm1在不同等级卵泡组织中均有表达,F2级卵泡中Calm1表达量是小白卵泡(Small white follicles,SWF)的1.76倍(P<0.05),且显著高于F5、F4、F3和F1级卵泡(P<0.05);在排卵后卵泡(Postovulatory follicle,POF)组织中,POF1级卵泡组织中Calm1表达量显著高于POF2、POF3和POF4级卵泡(P<0.05);卵巢组织中Calm1的表达量,是小白卵泡的1.75倍(P<0.05)。Calm1是高度保守、广泛表达的蛋白质,Calm1可能通过影响卵泡细胞增殖和类固醇激素合成来参与调控动物繁殖。

CALM单点管道应力分析基于CAESAR Ⅱ软件的优化设计

为了弥补国内CALM单点项目相关领域的空白,本文以CALM单点管道应力分析为例,结合某海上CALM单点项目,基于CAESAR Ⅱ软件的模拟计算,详细介绍了CALM单点上管道应力的计算方法,为今后CALM单点项目提供了工程参考。

含裙板之CALM浮筒辐射问题研究

水动力系数的计算是确定CALM浮筒运动响应的基础,采用特征函数展开及边界匹配的方法求解含裙板之CALM浮筒作纵荡,垂荡和纵摇运动引起的辐射载荷,得到相应的附加质量和辐射阻尼系数。在程序中令浮筒半径趋于零可处理圆形垂荡板辐射问题,令裙板半径等于浮筒半径可处理无裙板之浮筒或浮式直立圆柱体的辐射问题。边界积分法的缺点是在求解物体湿表面分布源积分方程时会出现不规则频率现象,而特征函数展开及匹配法则不存在这一问题。分析了裙板半径大小对CALM浮筒水动力系数的影响,裙板半径增大时由自身运动引起的垂荡和纵摇附加质量显著增加,而垂荡辐射阻尼则显著减小。

CALM单点管道设计综述

通过对CALM单点系泊系统上的管道设计思路及原则进行论述,介绍了管道设计中需要考虑的重要因素、设计原则、规范和工况设定等,归纳了整个设计流程中的关键点,为类似设计提供了指导和设计依据。

CALM单点上膨胀节内压推力对设备管口影响分析

CALM式单点系泊系统主要用于系泊大型油轮,接卸中转油品,在国际上已得到广泛应用,但国内对CALM单点的研究刚刚起步。本文通过CALM单点局部细节的研究,依托CAESAR Ⅱ软件进行模拟,对CALM单点上膨胀节对设备管口荷载的影响进行了分析。

动力定位失效模式下FPSO-CALM系泊系统的动力学特性响应研究

动力定位FPSO侧推器失效后会对CALM系泊系统造成影响,需要对这种影响进行预测与评估。采用凝集质量法将系泊缆索离散为凝集质量模型并计算系泊缆的系泊张力,运用PID控制系统对船舶的侧推器进行推力分配,在波谱为JONSWAP的波浪作用下,研究FPSO的动力定位系统失效对CALM浮标水平三自由度运动的影响,以及对系泊缆、系船缆及输油软管有效张力的影响。结果表明:在JONSWAP波的作用下,动力定位系统的失效使得船舶水平三自由度的运动幅度高于CALM浮筒,并且输油软管会产生比系船缆更大的突变张力;失效后处于稳定阶段时,系船缆能够承担更多的有效张力分量;值得注意的是,在侧推器失效后系泊系统中的突变张力无法有效分散到每根系泊缆绳上。