Clinical characteristics and treatment compounds of obesity-related kidney injury

Disorders in energy homeostasis can lead to various metabolic diseases,particularly obesity.The obesity epidemic has led to an increased incidence of obesityrelated nephropathy(ORN),a distinct entity characterized by proteinuria,glomerulomegaly,progressive glomerulosclerosis,and renal function decline.Obesity and its associated renal damage are common in clinical practice,and their incidence is increasing and attracting great attention.There is a great need to identify safe and effective therapeutic modalities,and therapeutics using chemical compounds and natural products are receiving increasing attention.However,the summary is lacking about the specific effects and mechanisms of action of compounds in the treatment of ORN.In this review,we summarize the important clinical features and compound treatment strategies for obesity and obesityinduced kidney injury.We also summarize the pathologic and clinical features of ORN as well as its pathogenesis and potential therapeutics targeting renal inflammation,oxidative stress,insulin resistance,fibrosis,kidney lipid accumulation,and dysregulated autophagy.In addition,detailed information on natural and synthetic compounds used for the treatment of obesity-related kidney disease is summarized.The synthesis of detailed information aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the clinical treatment modalities for obesity-related kidney diseases,fostering the anticipation of novel insights in this domain.

Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcomes of Pregnancy-Related Acute Kidney Injury among Pregnant Women Admitted at the Benjamin Mkapa Hospital in Tanzania

Background: Globally, PRAKI is among the leading causes of death in pregnant women. The prevalence, causes and outcome of this condition vary among countries due to differences in environmental, socioeconomic, and health delivery systems. The common causes that have been reported in several studies are PIH, Haemorrhages and Sepsis while the outcomes may be either complete renal recovery, progression to CKD and hence dialysis dependency or death. This study aimed at determining clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of Pregnancy-Related Acute Kidney Injury in Pregnant women admitted at the Benjamin Mkapa Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania. Results: Out of 4007 pregnant women who were admitted to the maternity ward 51 pregnant women were found to have PRAKI. Of those with PRAKI, 74.5% were between 21 to 25 years. The leading causes of PRAKI were PPH 12 (23.53%), Eclampsia 12 (23.53%), and pre-eclampsia 12 (23.5%). Hemodialysis therapy was provided to 22 (43.1%) patients, 15 (29.4%) individuals recovered spontaneously with medical management and 14 (27.5%) missed haemodialysis therapy due to various reasons. The mortality due to PRAKI was 17 (33.3%). Conclusion and Recommendation: Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and post-partum haemorrhage were found to be the main causes of PRAKI. The mortality related to PRAKI is high and Hemodialysis therapy is vital help to prevent deaths for pregnant women with PRAKI. Pregnant women who develop acute kidney injury should be followed closely and a nephrologist should be consulted early. Early referral should be done by the lower level facilities for all at-risk pregnant women to a specialized multidisciplinary health facility.

Clinical Observation on Treatment of 78 Patients of B-Thalassemla with Bushen Ylsul (补肾益髓) Method and Study on Its Molecular Mechanism

Objective: To study the treatment of B-Thalas-semia (ThE) with Chinese herbal medicine for Bushen Yisui (BSYS), its theoretical base and molecular mechanism. Methods: Seventy-eight patients with ThE were treated with BSYS recipe (consisted of 11 Chinese herbal drugs as Dogwood fruit, Fleeceflower root, prepared Rehmannia root and turtle shell, etc.) orally taken, 3 times per day, 10 g/time, 3 months as one therapeutic course. Hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), reticulocyte (Ret) and hemoglobin F (HbF) were checked every month. At the same time, PAGE, PVR, PCR-SSCP, RT-PCR, DNA series analysis, mRNA gene expression analysis techniques were used to conduct the systematic gene analysis in patients to study the molecular mechanism of TCM treatment from aspects of gene mutation, gene expression and control-regulation. Results: All the blood criteria in patients after BSYS treatment were improved significantly with clinical symptoms

The Value of Transvaginal Ultrasound in Clinical Surgical Treatment of Cesarean Scar Pregnancy

The clinical value of transvaginal ultrasound in clinical surgical treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy（CSP） was evaluated. The clinical data of 104 patients with CSP admitted at Tongji Hospital from 2013 to 2016 were collected and analyzed retrospectively, including the patients＇ age, gestational age, the size of gestational sac or uneven mass, the uterine scar thickness, β human chorionic gonadotropin（h CG） levels and so on. Of these 104 cases, 30 cases were subjected to laparotomy, 29 cases to laparoscopy, 27 cases to hysteroscopy, 16 cases to ultrasound-guided uterine curettage, and 2 cases to conservative treatment. The transvaginal ultrasound showed that uterine scar thickness and gestational sac or uneven mass size had significant difference（P〈0.05） among different surgical methods by comparatively analyzing the patients＇ data. It was suggested that transvaginal ultrasound may provide the valuable reference for choosing clinical surgical procedures for CSP.

Impact of a clinical pathway on treatment outcome in patients with acute pancreatitis

AIM:To determine the impact of a clinical pathway(CP) on acute pancreatitis(AP) treatment outcome.METHODS:A retrospective analysis of medical records was performed. We compared the results of AP treatment outcome over two time periods in our centre,before(2006-2007) and after(2010-2012) the implementation of a CP. The CP comprised the following indicators of quality:performance of all laboratory tests on admission(including lipids and carbohydrate deficient transferrin),determination of AP aetiology,abdomen ultrasound(US) within the first 24 h after admission,contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen in all cases of suspected pancreatic necrosis,appropriately selected and sufficiently used antibiotic therapy(if necessary),pain control,adequate hydration,control of haemodynamic parameters and transfer to the Intensive Care Unit(ICU)(if necessary),endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) in biliary AP,surgical treatment(if necessary),and advice on outpatient follow-up after discharge. A comparison of the length of stay with that in other Slovenian hospitals was also performed.RESULTS:There were 139 patients treated in the three-year period after the introduction of a CP,of which 81(58.3%) were male and 58(41.7%) female. The patients' mean age was 59.6 ± 17.3 years. The most common aetiologies were alcoholism and gallstones(38.8% each),followed by unexplained(11.5%),drug-induced,hypertriglyceridemia,post ERCP(2.9% each) and tumours(2.2%). Antibiotic therapy was prescribed in 72(51.8%) patients. Abdominal US was performed in all patients within the first 24 h after admission. Thirty-two(23.0%) patients were treated in the ICU. Four patients died(2.9%). In comparison to 2006-2007,we found an increased number of alcoholic and biliary AP and an associateddecrease in the number of unexplained aetiology cases. The use of antibiotics also significantly decreased after the implementation of a CP(from 70.3% to 51.8%; P = 0.003). There was no statistically significant difference in mortality(1.8% vs 2.9%). The length of stay was significantly shorter when compared to the Slovenian average(P = 0.018).CONCLUSION:The introduction of a CP has improved the treatment of patients with AP,as assessed by all of the observed parameters.

Clinical Classification and Treatment Strategy of Hamate Hook Fracture

To explore the clinical classification of hamate hook fracture and the treatment strategy for different type of fractures,12 patients who suffered from hamate hook fractures were followed up retrospectively.According to the fracture sites and the prognosis,we classified the hamate hook fractures into 3 types.Type Ⅰ referred to an avulsion fracture at the tip of hamate hook,type Ⅱ was a fracture in the middle part of hamate hook,and type Ⅲ represented a fracture at the base of hamate hook.By the classification,in our series,only 1 fell into type Ⅰ,7 type Ⅱ,and 4 type Ⅲ.The results were evaluated with respect to the functional recovery,recovery time and the association among the clinical classification,pre-operative complications and treatment results.The average follow-up time of this group was 8.4±3.9 months.Two cases were found to have fracture non-union and both of them were type Ⅱ fractures.Six patients had complications before operation.Five cases were type Ⅱ fractures and 1 case type Ⅲ fracture.All the patients were satisfied with the results at the time of the last follow-up.Their pain scale and grip strength improved significantly after treatment.All the pre-operative complications were relieved.The recovery time of hamate hook excision was significantly shorter than that of the other two treatments.The incidences of both pre-operative complications and non-union in type Ⅱ fractures were higher than those in type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ fractures.It was concluded that,generally,the treatment effects with hamate hook fracture are quite good.The complication incidence and prognosis of the fracture are closely related to the clinical classification.Early intervention is critical for type Ⅱ fractures.

Clinical Observation on Treatment of 50 Patients with Candidal Vaginitis by Chinese Herbal Medicine Combined with Canesten

From January 2001 to January 2002, 50 patients of candidal vaginitis were treated by Kushen powder (KSP,苦参散) combined with Canesten as the treatment group, and controlled by a control group including another 50 patients treated with Canesten alone. The therapeutic results were satisfactory and reported as follows.

Clinical Study on Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease from the Vie wpoint of Xin and Shen

Objective: To explore the therapeutic mechanism of Tiaoxin Recipe and Bushen Recipe (BSR, ) in treating Alzheimer’s d isease (AD). Methods: Sixty patients with AD were divided into 3 groups according to their MMSE and ADL scores before treatment, using randomized block design. They were treated separately with TXR, BSR and Donepezil (Dp) for 12 weeks. The changes of MMSE score, ADL score, neuro-psychology amount table score, including FOM, RVR, DS and BD, as well as the overall operational evaluation before and after treatment were analyzed. Results: The recognition and daily life capacity of patients in the 3 groups were improved after treatment. MMSE score in the TXR group increased from 16.10±1.94 scores before treatment to 17 90±2 59 scores after treatment, in the BSR group, from 16 15±2 16 to 17 50±2 59, and in the Dp group, from 17 35±1 90 to 19 60±3 39, all showed significant difference (all P<0 01). Change of ADL score showed that in the TXR group, it lowere d from 43 10±3 86 to 41 50±4 40, in the BSR group from 43 30±4 53 to 41 60±4 12 and in the Dp group, from 42 95±3 58 to 40 60±5 23, which also showed significan t difference (P<0 05 or P<0 01). Moreover, increase of FOM, RVR and DS score was shown in the TXR and the Dp group, and increase of RVR and BD score was shown in the BSR group, with significant difference in compar ison of corresponding score before and after treatment, inter-groups comparison showed significant difference of FOM score between the BSR and the Dp group ( P<0 01). Overall operational evaluation (total effective rate) in the TXR group was 70%, in the BSR group 65% and in Dp group 75%, with no significant difference among them. Conclusion: TXR and BSR are effective TCM drugs in treating AD

The Assessment of the Clinical Effect of the Drug Compatibility and Course of Treatment to the Brucellar Spondylitis

Objective: To evaluate five drug treatment regimens in the treatment of Brucella spondylitis. Methods: Patients with clinical symptoms compatible and diagnostic test consistent with Brucella spondylitis were randomly assigned to five drug treatment regimens. Results: Combination therapy with doxycycline, rifampin and sulfamethoxazole for 56 consecutive days showed the highest cure rate of 20% after a single course and of 85% after a double course with affectivity rates of 55% and 95%. Cure rate and affectivity rate was significant better (P 0.05) than for patients receiving doxycycline, rifampin and streptomycin for the same period and regimens containing doxycycline were significant better than regimens without this drug. Conclusion: Combination therapy of doxycycline, rifampin and sulfamethoxazole for 8 weeks using one or two full courses should be recommended for Brucella spondylitis.

A Study of Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Mooren's Ulcer

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and to compare the effects of several therapies of Mooren's corneal ulcer.Methods: 550 consecutive cases of Mooren's corneal ulcer inpatients were analysed, including the age, sex, laterality of the eye, ulcer location , perforative rate, cure rate of surgeries, recurrent rate, and the effects of conjunctiva excision, lamellar keratoplasty (LKP), LKP and plus cyclosporin A eye drop.Results: The average age of onset of the cornea! ulcer was 48.4 years old, the ratio of the male to the female patients was 1:0.74, the bilateral disease was 30% of the total cases, 31.5% of the bilateral disease occurred in the younger group, and 68.5% of the bilateral ulcer occurred in the older group, ulcers located at the limbus of the palpebral fissure were 70% of the total cases, perforative rate was 13.3% , 43.2% of the perforation occurred in the younger group, and 56.8% of the perforation occurred in the older group, recurrent rate of the post-opertion was 25.6%,

Treatment and clinical rehabilitation of Pilon fracture

AIM：To analyze the effect of three kinds of method on different types of Pilon fracture and advance the beat treatment plan.METHODS:From March 1989 to August 2000,107 patients were regarded as having Pilon fracture by two hospitals,among which 76 cases were followed up.They were divided into three groups according to treatment method.A group included 24 cases with the treatment of manual reduction,traction of calcaneus and plaster exopexy.B group included 30 cases with the treatment of AO key-shaped anatomical steal plate.C group included 22 cases with the treatment of limited internal fixation combined with exopexy stand.RESULTS:After 6months to 8years follow-up,it was found that three kinds of treatment methods had obvious differences on the complications and effects of different types of fracture.In A group,the excellent and good rate of treatment on I type fracture was 70%,Ⅱ type was 25%,Ⅲ type was 0%.In B group,the excellent and good rate of treatment on I type fracture was 78.6%,Ⅱ type s 87.5%,Ⅲ type was 37.5%.In C group,the excellent and good rate of treatment on I type was 75%,Ⅱ type was 80%.CONCLUSION:Summarizing kinds of factors,the treatment of A group applied in I type fracture,B group applied in Ⅱ type fracture and C group applied in Ⅲ type fracture.

The Senile Brucellosis Spondylitis Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment on as Evaluation Were Retrospectively Analyzed

Objective: To explore senile brucellosis spondylitis clinical features and diagnostic criteria, in order to improve the diagnosis rate and evaluate the clinical effects of treatment strategies. Methods: From January 2002 to August 2015, 62 patients with Brucella-associated spondylitis were treated with comprehensive diagnosis based on epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, imaging findings, laboratory tests, and local biopsy. The positive rate of red plate agglutination test (RBPT) was 45.1%, the positive rate of serum tube agglutination test (SAT) was 51.6%, and the positive rate of brucellosis anti-human immunoglobulin test (Coomb’s) was 100%. All patients underwent X-ray, CT and MRI examinations. The positive rate of blood culture in pathogenic examination was 16.1%, and the positive rate of bone marrow culture was 38.5%. The positive rate of inflammatory granuloma or abscess in the lesion sampling culture was 73.6%. All patients underwent standardized drug therapy and hyperbaric oxygen adjuvant therapy. Among them, 38 patients with neurological impairment were treated with one-stage debridement and posterior pedicle screw fixation on the basis of drug therapy. The paraspinal abscess and the diseased in-tervertebral space tissue were taken for pathological examination during the operation. One week, two weeks, one month, three months, six months and 12 months after treatment, the patients were evaluated and followed up at the monitoring sites. The evaluation indicators were pain scores, activity of daily living (ADL), imaging findings, and laboratory tests. The SPSS15.0 statistical package was used for analysis. Results: All patients were confirmed by the above-mentioned comprehensive examination after admission. 24 patients (38.71%) were treated with standard drug therapy (group A), no adverse drug reactions and abnormal liver and kidney function;the remaining 38 patients (61.29%) were combined with varying degrees of neurological impairment, and surgical treatment was performed after 2 to 4 weeks of drug therapy without improvement (group B). The pain scores showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups at the same time point (P Conclusion: The senile Brucellosis spondylitis has a characteristic performance. The de-velopment of diagnostic criteria can help to improve the diagnostic rate. Standardized drug treatment has a good cure rate. The implementation of surgery has obvious advantages whether it is to relieve pain, stabilize the spine, restore nerve function, or recover early.

Relationship between fever and early clinical diagnosis and treatment in mild COVID-2019 patients

Objective:To investigate the relationship between clinical manifestations,blood testing,chest CT,treatment and fever of 457mild cases of COVID-19.Methods:A tatal of 457cases of mild COVID-19 diagnosed in Wuhan Jianghan module Hospital from February 6,2020 to February 26,2020 were gathered,and the cases with/without fever were retrospectively analyzed in epidemiology,clinical manifestation,blood routing,hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),pathogens serological testing,chest CT and drugs treatment.Results:For 312 fever cases,the average age was(47.6±10.9)years old,male was 128 cases(41%),the mean peak fever was 38(36.8,38.6)℃,fever lasting was 2(0,3)days,131cases(28.7%)had Huanan seafood market exposure history,90 cases(28.8%)had closely contact with COVID-19 patients,20cases(6.4%)had hypertension history,10 cases(3.2%)had diabetes,5cases(1.6%)had coronary heart disease.Main symptoms of fever group including dry cough of 260cases(83.3%),of 104cases(33.3%),blood sputum of 9cases(2.9%),chest tightness 20cases(19.6%),shortness of breath of 87cases(27.9%),weak of 105cases(33.7%),diarrhea of 43cases(13.8%),sleep disorders of 61cases(19.6%),among fever cases with sputum and shortness of breath more rather without fever,and two groups were statistically significantly difference(P<0.05).In fever group,WBC(109/L)[4.34(3.69,5.26)than 5.11(4.22,6.22),P<0.001],NEUT(109/L)[2.67(2.1,3.49)than 2.88(2.37,3.9),P<0.05],LYM(109/L)[0.9(0.8,1.1)than 1.36(1.03,1.85),P<0.001),PLT(109/L)/(106,188)134-189(132,224),P<0.001)were lower than normal group,while WBC<4.0×109/L[108(34.6%)than 24(16.6%),P<0.001)],LYM<1.0×109/L[189(60.6%)than 31(21.4%),P<0.001)],PLT<100×109/L[45(14.4%)than in 2(1.4%),P<0.001)and hs-CRP(mg/L)[14(6.83,32)than 3.4(0.96,10.75),P<0.001)were higher than normal group,and pathogens serological examination of 36cases shown influenzaⅠ/Ⅱvirus IgM antibody positive in 3cases(8.3%),respiratory syncytial virus IgM antibody positive in 2 cases(5.6%),mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibody positive(11.1%),4 cases of adenovirus IgM antibody positive(11.1%),but 4 pathogens of fever group and normal group were no statistical difference(P>0.05).According to early onset of chest CT examination,there were no change of 11cases(2.4%),unilateral lung lesions of 93cases(20.4%),bilateral lung lesions of 353 cases(77.2%),ground glass shadow of 228 cases(73.1%),high density shadow patch of 65 cases(20.8%),consolidation shadow of 6 cases(1.9%),while fever group compared with normal group,there were no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that LYM(OR=0.24,95%CI=0.139~0.415,P<0.001),LYM<1.0 x 109/L(OR=5.12,95%CI=3.07~8.65,P<0.001),PLT<100×109/L(OR=6.1,95%CI=1.36~27.33,P<0.05),and the hs-CRP(OR=1.03,95%CI=1.02~1.05,P<0.001)were fever independent impact factors in mild COVID-19.Aiming at COVID-19 treatment,Chinese medicine usage had 416cases(91%),antiviral drugs had 328cases(71.8%),and antibiotics had 172cases(37.6%),furthermore,fever group using antiviral and antibiotic drugs was higher than normal group(P<0.05),and compared to low fever group,high fever group used more antibiotic drugs(P<0.05).Conclusions:Mild COVID-19 patients with early onset had epidemiological characteristics,and fever,dry cough,expectoration and shortness of breath were main symptoms,and chest CT often involved bilateral lung lesions,ground glass shadow and patch density shadow.The fever patients in WBC,LYM,PLT,hs-CRP index changed significantly and could affect on anti-infective therapy selection.

Clinical Experience in TCM Treatment of Chronic Cervicitis

Chronic cervicitis is a common disease in the female reproductive system, which may be the inducing factor for carcinoma of uterine cervix. It is clinically manifested by sticky and foul leukorrhagia, contact hemorrhage, pain in the lower limbs or lumbosacral region, dysmenorrhea and infertility. ……

Clinical features and surgical treatment of the coexistence of cervical,thoracic and lumber degenerative disease

Objective To discuss clinical features and surgical treatment of the coexistence of cervical,thoracic and lumber degenerative disease. Methods From January 2004 to December 2008,79 cases with the coexistence of cervical,thoracic

Clinical Observation on Scalp Acupuncture Treatment in 50 Cases of Headache

Headache is frequently encountered in clinic, including vascular headache, cervical headache, traumatic cerebral headache, and tonic headache, which may be seenin many acute or chronic diseases. During the period from Aug. 1996 - Apr. 2000, the author had treated 50 cases of headache by scalp acupuncture therapy and got quite satisfactory therapeutic results as reported in the following. ……

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF CHINESE HERBS REMEDIES AS IMMUNOMODULATORS IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER

IMMUNITY AND TUMOR Immune system has closely relation to the growth and development of tumor. One of its immune functions is to constantly recognize and kill malignant cells which develop from normal cells. The occurance of tumor indicates to some extent the failure of this "immune serveillance" function. Many studies have shown that the tumor cells of body have some tumor interrelative antigen that dose not exist in normal tissues. Tests in vitro