A spotlight on dosage and subject selection for effective neuroprotection: exploring the central role of mitochondria

Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell types.Even the slightest change in their internal and/or external environments will cause much distress and dysfunction,leading often to their death.A range of pathological conditions,including stroke,head trauma,and neurodegenerative disease,can generate stress in neurons,affecting their survival and proper function.In most neural pathologies,mitochondria become dysfunctional and this plays a pivotal role in the process of cell death.The challenge over the last few decades has been to develop effective interventions that improve neuronal homeostasis under pathological conditions.Such interventions,often referred to as disease-modifying or neuroprotective,have,however,proved frustratingly elusive,at both preclinical and,in particular,clinical levels.In this perspective,we highlight two factors that we feel are key to the development of effective neuroprotective treatments.These are:firstly,the choice of dose of intervention and method of application,and secondly,the selection of subjects,whether they be patients or the animal model.

Revisiting dexamethasone dosage in COVID-19 management

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has necessitated rapid advancements in therapeutic strategies,with dexamethasone emerging as a key treatment for severe cases.This editorial discusses the systematic review conducted by Sethi et al,published in the World Journal of Virology.The review critically examines the efficacy and safety of varying dosages of dexamethasone in severe COVID-19 patients,providing a comprehensive meta-analysis that underscores the current clinical recommendations favoring a low-dose regimen.Despite these findings,the review highlights the potential benefits of tailored dosages for specific patient subgroups,suggesting a need for personalized treatment approaches.This editorial expands on the implications of these findings,advocating for the integration of evolving clinical data into treatment protocols and calling for further research into patient-specific responses to therapy.It emphasizes the importance of adaptability and precision in pandemic response,urging the medical community to consider both the robustness of existing evidence and the potential for innovative approaches to enhance patient outcomes in the face of global health challenges.

Coagulation behavior of polyaluminum chloride: Effects of pH and coagulant dosage

Coagulation mechanisms of polyaluminum chloride(PACl) at various dosages were studied using a conventional jar test at different final and initial pH values during treating kaolin suspension. The optimal final pH and dosages for PACl were obtained based on residual turbidity and zeta potential of flocs. The coagulation zones at various PACl dosages and solution p H values were developed and compared with those of alum. It is found that the optimal mechanism under acidic condition is charge neutralization, while alkaline condition will facilitate the coagulation of PACl. Both charge neutralization coagulation and sweep coagulation can achieve high coagulation efficiency under the alkaline condition ranging from final p H 7.0 to 10.0. Stabilization, charge neutralization destabilization, restabilization and sweep zones occur successively with increasing PACl dosages with the final p H values fixed at 7.0 and 8.0, but restabilization zone disappears at final p H 10.0. When the final p H is not controlled and consequently decreases with increasing PACl dosage, no typical sweep zone can be observed and the coagulant efficiency decreases at high PACl dosage. It seems that the final pH is more meaningful than the initial p H for coagulation. Charge neutralization coagulation efficiency is dominated by zeta potential of flocs and PACl precipitates. The charge neutralization and sweep coagulation zones of PACl are broader in the ranges of coagulant dosage and p H than those of alum. The results are helpful for us to treat water and wastewater using PACl and to understand the coagulation process of PACl.

Effects of pH value and coagulant dosage on contact filtration of humic substances

Humic substances (especially fulvic acid (FA)) are the major components of natural organic matter (NOM) that widely exist in drinking water source. Due to their potential effects on public health,the removal of FA was one of the main concerns during the water treatment. Therefore,the contact filtration of FA by using aluminum sulfate as coagulant on the basis of jar tests was carried out. The effects of pH and coagulant dosage on the FA removal and the development of head loss were investigated. The results show that the range of pH value during the FA contact filtration can be effectively influenced by the dosage of aluminum sulfate,and the high aluminum sulfate dosage is an important factor that can result in early filter breakthrough. The FA filtration by deep-bed filtration or by membrane filtration is sometimes disparate under the same coagulation conditions. The choice of aluminum sulfate dosage by the method of membrane filtration,i.e. the "true color measurement",may result in inappropriate filter run,whereas it can be determined with simple jar tests by observing the formation of micro flocs. Considering the effects of pH on aluminum sulfate dosage and FA removal,the optimal pH range of 5.5?6.0 is suggested.

Facile synthesis of composite polyferric magnesium-silicate-sulfate coagulant with enhanced performance in water and wastewater

The coagulation process is a widely applied technology in water and wastewater treatment.Novel composite polyferric mag-nesium-silicate-sulfate(PFMS)coagulants were synthesized using Na_(2)SiO_(3)·9H_(2)O,Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3),and MgSO_(4) as raw materials in this paper.The effects of aging time,Fe:Si:Mg,and OH:M molar ratios(M represents the metal ions)on the coagulation performance of the as-pre-pared PFMS were systematically investigated to obtain optimum coagulants.The results showed that PFMS coagulant exhibited good co-agulation properties in the treatment of simulated humic acid-kaolin surface water and reactive dye wastewater.When the molar ratio was controlled at Fe:Si:Mg=2:2:1 and OH:M=0.32,the obtained PFMS presented excellent stability and a high coagulation efficiency.The removal efficiency of ultraviolet UV254 was 99.81%,and the residual turbidity of the surface water reached 0.56 NTU at a dosage of 30 mg·L^(-1).After standing the coagulant for 120 d in the laboratory,the removal efficiency of UV254 and residual turbidity of the surface wa-ter were 88.12%and 0.68 NTU,respectively,which accord with the surface water treatment requirements.In addition,the coagulation performance in the treatment of reactive dye wastewater was greatly improved by combining the advantages of magnesium and iron salts.Compared with polyferric silicate-sulfate(PFS)and polymagnesium silicate-sulfate(PMS),the PFMS coagulant played a better decolor-ization role within the pH range of 7-13.

Dosage and utilization of dexamethasone in the management of COVID-19: A critical review

BACKGROUND The severe respiratory manifestations observed in severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases are often associated with an excessive inflammatory response.Dexamethasone,a synthetic glucocorticoid,exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes and suppressing the activity of various immune cells.This mechanism has implications for mitigating the cytokine storm observed in severe COVID-19 cases.Early on in the pandemic,the Recovery Collaborative working group showed a mortality benefit of using dexamethasone in decreasing mortality in patients with COVID-19 requiring respiratory support.However,the optimal dosage of corticosteroids remains debatable.Several studies that compare different doses of dexamethasone in COVID-19 exist,but the results are conflicting.AIM To review the latest evidence regarding dosage,safety,and efficacy of dexamethasone in severe COVID-19.METHODS We followed preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines.A detailed literature search was conducted across PubMed,Google Scholar,and Medline to include publications up to March 2024.Our keywords included“COVID-19”“SARS-CoV-2”“dexamethasone”“corticosteroid”“steroid”and“glucocorticoid”-along with their combinations.We employed the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale to evaluate the integrity and potential of bias in the included studies.A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model,assessing pooled odds ratios and mean differences,with heterogeneity gauged by the I2 statistic and theχ^(2) tests.RESULTS No statistical differences were found in 28-day all-cause mortality[pooled odds ratio(OR)=1.109,95%CI:0.918-1.340],60-day all-cause mortality(OR=0.873,95%CI:0.744-1.024;I2=47.29%),mean length of hospital stay(mean difference=-0.08 days,95%CI:-0.001 to 0.161)and adverse events(OR=0.877,95%CI:0.707-1.087).CONCLUSION Differing doses of corticosteroids have no clinical implications on mortality,mean length of hospital stay,and adverse events in COVID-19 patients.Additional research is required in patients requiring invasive or noninvasive ventilation.

Dosage Formula in Anesthesia for Manual Intrauterine Aspiration Post-Abortion in Resource-Limited Settings

Setting: Provincial General Reference Hospital of Bukavu, General Reference Hospital of Panzi, General Reference Hospital of Ciriri, General Reference Hospital of Nyatende and Biopharm Hospital Center. Objective: Contribute to the improvement of the anesthetic ECP of patients benefiting from MVA for incomplete abortion, Describe the methodology used for adoption of the dosage formula in Anesthesia for MVA, present the mathematical demonstration leading to the dosage formula in anesthesia for MVA. Materials and Methods: Our study was descriptive by mathematical demonstration of obtaining the equilibrium constant of the dosage formula of bipuvacaine 0.1% and Fentanyl 50 µg% adapted to the weight and specific size of patients treated anesthetically in MVA cases for incomplete abortion. We also carried out an operational research by first determining the interval where our equilibrium constant is included and secondly by means of the ends of the intervals found correlated to the ends of intervals of possible weights and sizes in the being normal human female of childbearing age to arrive at the real numerical value of the equilibrium constant of the BUKAVU Dosage Formula in the case of anesthesia for MVA during the management of incomplete abortions. Results: TWO-STAGE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH: • Determination of the interval where the equilibrium constant x = −0.95 x x by crossing the means between the extremes of volumes of anesthetic drugs giving a satisfactory sensory block without hemodynamic disturbance and the extremes of normal weight and height for women of childbearing age. We ended up with X = 0.37. Conclusion: At the end of our study which had the general objectives of contributing to the improvement of the anesthetic PEC of patients receiving MVA for incomplete abortion and specific objectives of describing the methodology used for adoption of the dosage formula in Anesthesia for MVA and present the mathematical demonstration which resulted in the dosage formula in nesthesia for MVA, it appears that the dosage formula of Bukavu, in case of intrathecal spinal analgesia of MVA for incomplete abortion provides precision on the specificity of the doses of bipuvacaine hypobarre 0.1% and Fentanyl 50 µg% reported to each patient according to her weight and height. Its application could therefore reduce morbidity and mortality and improve patient-practitioner comfort in the event of MVA for incomplete abortion following the dosage precision it provides.

Application of Plant-Based Coagulants and Their Mechanisms in Water Treatment:A Review

This review describes the mechanisms of natural coagulants.It provides a good understanding of the two key processes of coagulation-flocculation:adsorption and charge neutralization,as well as adsorption and bridging.Various factors have influence the coagulation/flocculation process,including the effect of pH,coagulant dosage,coagulant type,temperature,initial turbidity,coagulation speed,flocculation speed,coagulation and flocculation time,settling time,colloidal particles,zeta potential,the effects of humic acids,and extraction density are explained.The bio-coagulants derived from plants are outlined.The impact of organic coagulants on water quality,focusing on their effects on the physicochemical parameters of water,heavy metals removal,and bacteriological water quality,is examined.The methods of extraction and purification of plant-based coagulants,highlighting techniques such as solvent extraction and ultrasonic extraction,are discussed.It also examines the parameters that influence these processes.The methods and principles of purification of coagulating agents,including dialysis,freeze-drying,ion exchange,electrophoresis,filtration,and centrifugation,are listed.Finally,it evaluates the sustainability of natural coagulants,focusing on the environmental,technical,and economic aspects of their use.At the end of this review,the readers should have a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms,selection,extraction,purification,and sustainability of plant-based natural coagulants in water treatment.

Exploration of standard dosage for GnRH antagonist protocol and dosage adjustments after premature luteinizing hormone surge

The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol has emerged as an efficacious alternative to the GnRH agonist protocol for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles, and has been demonstrated applicability in infertile female patients with diverse ovarian responses. While the clinical implementation of the antagonist COH protocol has achieved widespread consensus, opportunities for refinement persist. Therefore, this review article focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of GnRH antagonist protocol, the selection of optimal standard doses, and the strategies for adjusting antagonist doses after the premature luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, aiming to provide more reasonable and scientific recommendations for the application of this scheme.

Comparative evaluation of artificial intelligence systems'accuracy in providing medical drug dosages:A methodological study

BACKGROUND Medication errors,especially in dosage calculation,pose risks in healthcare.Artificial intelligence(AI)systems like ChatGPT and Google Bard may help reduce errors,but their accuracy in providing medication information remains to be evaluated.AIM To evaluate the accuracy of AI systems(ChatGPT 3.5,ChatGPT 4,Google Bard)in providing drug dosage information per Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine.METHODS A set of natural language queries mimicking real-world medical dosage inquiries was presented to the AI systems.Responses were analyzed using a 3-point Likert scale.The analysis,conducted with Python and its libraries,focused on basic statistics,overall system accuracy,and disease-specific and organ system accuracies.RESULTS ChatGPT 4 outperformed the other systems,showing the highest rate of correct responses(83.77%)and the best overall weighted accuracy(0.6775).Disease-specific accuracy varied notably across systems,with some diseases being accurately recognized,while others demonstrated significant discrepancies.Organ system accuracy also showed variable results,underscoring system-specific strengths and weaknesses.CONCLUSION ChatGPT 4 demonstrates superior reliability in medical dosage information,yet variations across diseases emphasize the need for ongoing improvements.These results highlight AI's potential in aiding healthcare professionals,urging continuous development for dependable accuracy in critical medical situations.

Vitamin D and selenium for type 2 diabetes mellitus with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis:Dosage and duration insights

This letter discusses the publication by Feng et al.Iodine,selenium,and vitamin D are closely associated with thyroid hormone production in humans;however,the efficacy of selenium and vitamin D supplementation for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis(HT)remains controversial.In the retrospective study we discuss herein,the authors highlighted significant improvements in thyroid function,thyroid antibodies,blood glucose,and blood lipid in T2DM patients with HT following addition of vitamin D and selenium to their antidiabetic regimens,underscoring the value of these supplements.Our team is currently engaged in research exploring the relationship between micronutrients and HT,and we have obtained invaluable insights from the aforementioned study.Based on this research and current literature,we recommend a regimen of 4000 IU/day of vitamin D and 100-200μg/day of selenium for over three months to six months for patients with HT,particularly for those with concurrent T2DM.

铝灰资源化制备混凝剂研究进展

二次资源的有效利用和环境污染的防治逐渐成为关注焦点。作为一种潜在的二次资源,铝灰具有丰富的储量和利用潜力,其资源化利用备受关注。制备水处理混凝剂,不仅有利于节约资源、降低成本,还能有效解决铝灰无害处理的难题。总结利用铝灰制备铝系混凝剂的重要原料(铝酸钙)以及5种铝灰基混凝剂(硫酸铝、聚硫酸铝、聚硫氯化铝、聚硫酸铝铁和聚氯化铝)的特点、制备方法和研究进展,分析了铝灰基混凝剂生产的经济效益。发现铝灰基混凝剂的规模化应用仍面临一些挑战,需从提高产品核心竞争力和填补相关政策的空白入手,以实现水处理行业和铝工业的高质量、绿色和可持续发展,并带来显著的经济和环境效益。

倒置A^(2)/O+A生化法+膜法+磁混凝法污水处理工程实例

采用“倒置A^(2)/O+A生化法+膜法+磁混凝物化法”组合工艺处理污水,分析了工艺特点,并详述了主要构筑物及设备参数。该组合工艺处理效果优良,除磷脱氮效果好,出水COD、TP、NH_(3)-N、TN月均值分别为28、0.2、0.3、6.06mg/L,达到了DB32/1072—2018《太湖地区城镇污水处理厂及重点工业行业主要水污染物排放限值》其他区域污染物排放标准,其中COD、TP和NH_(3)-N三个指标达到了GB3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》IV类水排放标准。

血栓弹力图在危重症创伤出血临床输血指导及凝血功能检测的应用价值

目的 探究在临床危重症患者输血以及凝血功能检测用应用血栓弹力图(TEG)的价值。方法 选取2021年1月至2023年1月在本院就诊的危重症创伤出血患者104例,随机分为对照组和观察组,各52例。对照组依据常规凝血指标指导输血,观察组则依据TEG结果来指导输血,比较两组凝血功能指标以及用血量的差异性,并对观察组输血前后TEG相关指标进行记录,分析TEG相关指标与凝血常规指标的关系。结果 输血前,两组的凝血四项和PLT比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);输血后,观察组PT、APTT、TT均低于对照组(P<0.05),其FIB高于对照组(P<0.05),两组输血后PLT比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。输血后,观察组患者的R值、K值均较输血前降低,MA值、Angle角以及CI值均较输血前升高(P<0.05)。观察组冷冻血浆、冷沉淀输注量均较对照组更少(P<0.05),但两组血小板输注量比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。R值与APTT呈正相关(r=0.328,P=0.036<0.05),K值与PLT呈负相关(r=-0.389,P=0.001<0.05),Angle角与FIB、PLT均呈正相关(r=0.328、0.475,P=0.029、0.000<0.05),MA值与FIB、PLT均呈正相关(r=0.337、0.460,P=0.016、0.000<0.05),CI值与与FIB、PLT均呈正相关(r=0.235、0.348,P=0.020、0.014<0.05)。结论 TEG在临床危重症创伤出血患者输血治疗中具有较高的指导价值,且可以发现并改善患者凝血异常情况,TEG相关指标与凝常规凝血指标具有一定的关联性,在临床中的应用价值较高。

Dynamic experiments on flocculation and sedimentation of argillized ultrafine tailings using fly-ash-based magnetic coagulant

In order to accelerate the sedimentation of super-large-scale argillized ultrafine tailings with bad features such as low settling velocity, muddy overflow water, and large flocculant dosage, a fly-ash-based magnetic coagulant （FAMC） was used in a dynamic experimental device. To obtain the best possible combination of the impact factors （magnetic intensity, FAMC dosage, flocculant dosage, and feed speed） for minimum overflow turbidity, a response surface methodology test coupled with a four-factor five-level central composite design was conducted. The synergy mechanism of FAMC and flocculant was analyzed based on the potential measurement and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the flocculant dosage, overflow turbidity, and solid content can be reduced by 50%, 90%, and 80%, while the handling capacity per unit and efficiency of backfill and dry stacking can be promoted by 20%, 17%, and 13%, respectively, with a magnetic intensity of 0.3 T, FAMC dosage of 200 mL/t, flocculant dosage of 30 g/t, and feed speed of 0.6 t/（m^2·h）. Therefore, synergy of FAMC and flocculant has obvious efficiency in saving energy and protecting the environment by allowing 70×10^6 t/a of argillized ultrafine tailings slurry to be disposed safely and efficiently with a cost saving of more than 53×106 Yuan/a, which gives it great promise for use in domestic and foreign mines.

Studies on GA_3 Spraying Dosage for eui TGMS Rice Changxuan 3S in Its Hybrid Seed Production

[Objective] Changxuan 3S was thermo-sensitive genicmale sterile（TGMS）rice selected from irradiated seeds of Peiai 64S by 350 Gy^（60）Coγ-ray.The aim of the study was to confirm GA3 spraying dosage of Changxuan 3S with eui gene in its hybrid seed production.[Method] Changxuan 3S possessing eui gene and its parent Peiai 64S were chosen as materials.Comparison studies on sensitivity to GA3 in their hybrid seed production were carried out.[Result] The suitable stage for spraying GA3 in the hybrid seed production of Changxuan 3S was at 10% of panicles headed;The optimal dosage was 90 g/hm2 with 2 split sprayings,the first spraying of 45 g/hm2 at heading of 10% panicles and the second one of 45 g/hm2 on the following day.Under the condition of spraying GA3 at the rate of 90 g/hm2,the panicle neck exsertions of Changxuan 3S was ＋1.78 cm,and exserted stigma rate and seed setting rate of Changxuan 3S were 96.87% and 36.44%,being 21.46% and 16.33% more than those of Peiai 64S,respectively.The theoretical yield of ＂Changxuan 3S/9311＂ reached 2 931.90 kg/hm2,which was increased by 1 259.40 kg/hm2 comparing with ＂Peiai 64S/9311＂.[Conclusion] Compared with Peiai 64S,Changxuan 3S is more sensitive to GA3,which results in no or little using GA3 in seed production of Changxuan 3S.Moreover,Changxuan 3S showed higher yield potential than Peiai 64S.

流态固化土水泥剂量EDTA滴定法检测影响因素分析

水泥剂量是控制流态固化土强度的关键指标,工程中多采用EDTA滴定法进行检测,但流态固化土制备过程中含水量与水泥水化时间偏差会导致检测数据失真.研究了EDTA二钠标准溶液消耗量随水泥剂量、含水量和水化时间三因素的变化规律;基于回归正交试验,开展了多因素及交互影响的主次关系分析与显著性评价,建立了考虑三因素综合影响的EDTA二钠标准溶液消耗量回归方程.试验表明,EDTA二钠标准溶液消耗量与水泥剂量近似呈线性正相关,随含水量增大或水化时间延长近似线性降低;影响因素主次顺序为水泥剂量、含水量、水化时间,交互作用不显著;因素水平在回归正交试验组范围内,回归方程计算值误差低于2.40%;含水量或水化时间分别偏差2.9%、86min,将造成水泥剂量检测值增减约0.5%.研究成果可为完善流态固化土水泥剂量检测技术提供参考.

武权生基于周期疗法治疗寒凝血瘀型子宫腺肌症痛经临床经验

介绍武权生教授运用周期疗法治疗寒凝血瘀型子宫腺肌症痛经的临床经验。武权生教授认为该病本质在于寒凝经脉胞宫致使气血运行不畅,其病机为寒凝阻滞、血瘀于内、日久成癥,治疗应当结合女性月经周期阴阳消长规律,结合中医周期疗法,分期论治。经期予以少腹逐瘀汤祛瘀散寒、养血通经以治标;经后期予以温肾暖宫方补气养血、温肾健脾以固本,辨证施治,达到标本兼治之效。本文将结合一则临床医案以探讨武教授运用周期疗法治疗寒凝血瘀型子宫腺肌症痛经的临床经验。

川崎病患儿凝血指标变化对发生静脉免疫球蛋白抵抗的影响

目的 探究凝血指标变化对川崎病(KD)患儿发生静脉免疫球蛋白抵抗的影响,为改善患儿预后提供经验。方法 本研究采用前瞻性研究方法,纳入2018年4月至2022年4月我院收治的180例KD患儿,所有患儿均行免疫球蛋白治疗。于治疗前检测患儿血清D-二聚体(D-D)、凝血四项[活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)]水平,设计患儿基线资料调查表,记录研究所需资料。治疗后统计KD患儿静脉免疫球蛋白抵抗的发生情况,依据免疫球蛋白抵抗的发生情况分为发生组、未发生组。将可能的因素纳入,重点分析凝血指标变化对患儿发生静脉免疫球蛋白抵抗的影响,探究其对KD患儿发生静脉免疫球蛋白抵抗的预测价值。结果 本研究180例行免疫球蛋白治疗的KD患儿中发生静脉免疫球蛋白抵抗41例,占比22.78%(41/180)。发生组患者治疗前血清D-D、FIB、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、中性粒细胞百分比(NEUT%)均高于未发生组(P<0.05);两组APTT、TT、PT及其他基线资料比较(P>0.05)。经Logistic回归分析结果显示,治疗前血清D-D、FIB、IL-6、NEUT%高是KD患儿发生静脉免疫球蛋白抵抗的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,结果显示,血清D-D、血清FIB及联合预测KD患儿发生静脉免疫球蛋白抵抗的曲线下面积(AUC)均≥0.07,其中联合预测价值最高。结论 治疗前血清D-D、FIB水平高是KD患儿并发静脉免疫球蛋白抵抗的危险因素,联合检测二者水平可用于预测评估患儿静脉免疫球蛋白抵抗发生风险。

Coagulation indices and fibrinogen degradation products as predictive biomarkers for tumor-node-metastasis staging and metastasis in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignancy with a substantial health burden and high mortality rate,despite advances in prevention,early detection,and treatment.Compared with the global average,Asia,notably China,reports disproportionately high GC incidences.The disease often progresses asymptoma-tically in the early stages,leading to delayed diagnosis and compromised out-comes.Thus,it is crucial to identify early diagnostic biomarkers and enhance treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality.METHODS Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 148 patients with GC treated at the Civil Aviation Shanghai Hospital between December 2022 and December 2023.The associations of coagulation indices-partial thromboplastin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),fibrinogen,fibrinogen degradation products(FDP),fasting blood glucose,and D-dimer(D-D)with TNM stage and distant metastasis were examined.RESULTS Prolongation of APTT,PT,and TT was significantly correlated with the GC TNM stage.Hence,abnormal coagulation system activation was closely related to disease progression.Elevated FDP and D-D were significantly associated with distant metastasis in GC(P<0.05),suggesting that increased fibrinolytic activity contributes to increased metastatic risk.CONCLUSION Our Results reveal coagulation indices,FDPs as GC biomarkers,reflecting abnormal coagulation/fibrinolysis,aiding disease progression,metastasis prediction,and helping clinicians assess thrombotic risk for early intervention and personalized treatment plans.