气象观测场在汽车试验场中的应用研究

汽车试验场作为汽车开展道路测试的重要场所,用于验证汽车产品的品质以及可靠性。除了场地道路外,气象条件作为汽车道路测试的重要一环,在《GB/T12534-1990汽车道路试验方法通则》中也有明确要求,如:试验时应是无雨无雾天气,相对湿度小于95%,气温0-40℃,风速不大于3m/s。同时气象条件也作为试验场道路管控的重要依据,实时风速、雨量、能见度等信息为场地管理者发布限速、限行、封场等通知提供必要参考依据,直接影响道路测试安全管控的及时性。因此,文章从气象观测场的建设、气象服务、异常天气道路管控等方面开展气象观测场在汽车试验场中的应用研究。

General laws of funding for scientific citations:how citations change in funded and unfunded research between basic and applied sciences

Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relationship between research funding and citations of papers using 831,337 documents recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:The original results reveal general characteristics of the diffusion of science in research fields:a)Funded articles receive higher citations compared to unfunded papers in journals;b)Funded articles exhibit a super-linear growth in citations,surpassing the increase seen in unfunded articles.This finding reveals a higher diffusion of scientific knowledge in funded articles.Moreover,c)funded articles in both basic and applied sciences demonstrate a similar expected change in citations,equivalent to about 1.23%,when the number of funded papers increases by 1%in journals.This result suggests,for the first time,that funding effect of scientific research is an invariant driver,irrespective of the nature of the basic or applied sciences.Originality/value:This evidence suggests empirical laws of funding for scientific citations that explain the importance of robust funding mechanisms for achieving impactful research outcomes in science and society.These findings here also highlight that funding for scientific research is a critical driving force in supporting citations and the dissemination of scientific knowledge in recorded documents in both basic and applied sciences.Practical implications:This comprehensive result provides a holistic view of the relationship between funding and citation performance in science to guide policymakers and R&D managers with science policies by directing funding to research in promoting the scientific development and higher diffusion of results for the progress of human society.

Research funding and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine, 2019-2020

Purpose:The goal of this study is a comparative analysis of the relation between funding(a main driver for scientific research)and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine over 2019-2020 and the same relation in these research fields as a whole.Design/methodology/approach:This study utilizes a power law model to explore the relationship between research funding and citations of related papers.The study here analyzes 3,539 recorded documents by Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine and a broader dataset of 183,016 documents related to the fields of physics,medicine,and chemistry recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:Results reveal that in chemistry and medicine,funded researches published in papers of Nobel Laureates have higher citations than unfunded studies published in articles;vice versa high citations of Nobel Laureates in physics are for unfunded studies published in papers.Instead,when overall data of publications and citations in physics,chemistry and medicine are analyzed,all papers based on funded researches show higher citations than unfunded ones.Originality/value:Results clarify the driving role of research funding for science diffusion that are systematized in general properties:a)articles concerning funded researches receive more citations than(un)funded studies published in papers of physics,chemistry and medicine sciences,generating a high Matthew effect(a higher growth of citations with the increase in the number of papers);b)research funding increases the citations of articles in fields oriented to applied research(e.g.,chemistry and medicine)more than fields oriented towards basic research(e.g.,physics).Practical implications:The results here explain some characteristics of scientific development and diffusion,highlighting the critical role of research funding in fostering citations and the expansion of scientific knowledge.This finding can support decision-making of policymakers and R&D managers to improve the effectiveness in allocating financial resources in science policies to generate a higher positive scientific and societal impact.

“I am willing to play a proactive role in China-Russia Scientific Research Exchanges”——Exclusive Interview with Dr. Konstantin Chingin, the awardee of 2018 Chinese Government Friendship Award

Professor Konstantin Chingin is engaged in the research of direct mass spectrum analysis in terms of basic theories,instrument development and applications and has achieved plenty of original results. He has done a lot in the fields of scientific research, platform construction。

Global trends in diabetic eye disease research from 2012 to 2021

Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye complications that occur in diabetic patients and include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic cataracts, and diabetic glaucoma. However, the global epidemiology of these conditions has not been well characterized. In this study, we collected information on diabetic eye disease-related research grants from seven representative countries––the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, and France––by searching for all global diabetic eye disease journal articles in the Web of Science and Pub Med databases, all global registered clinical trials in the Clinical Trials database, and new drugs approved by the United States, China, Japan, and EU agencies from 2012 to 2021. During this time period, diabetic retinopathy accounted for the vast majority(89.53%) of the 2288 government research grants that were funded to investigate diabetic eye disease, followed by diabetic macular edema(9.27%). The United States granted the most research funding for diabetic eye disease out of the seven countries assessed. The research objectives of grants focusing on diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema differed by country. Additionally, the United States was dominant in terms of research output, publishing 17.53% of global papers about diabetic eye disease and receiving 22.58% of total citations. The United States and the United Kingdom led international collaborations in research into diabetic eye disease. Of the 415 clinical trials that we identified, diabetic macular edema was the major disease that was targeted for drug development(58.19%). Approximately half of the trials(49.13%) pertained to angiogenesis. However, few drugs were approved for ophthalmic(40 out of 1830;2.19%) and diabetic eye disease(3 out of 1830;0.02%) applications. Our findings show that basic and translational research related to diabetic eye disease in the past decade has not been highly active, and has yielded few new treatment methods and newly approved drugs.

Machine learning applications in healthcare clinical practice and research

Machine learning(ML)is a type of artificial intelligence that assists computers in the acquisition of knowledge through data analysis,thus creating machines that can complete tasks otherwise requiring human intelligence.Among its various applications,it has proven groundbreaking in healthcare as well,both in clinical practice and research.In this editorial,we succinctly introduce ML applications and present a study,featured in the latest issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.The authors of this study conducted an analysis using both multiple linear regression(MLR)and ML methods to investigate the significant factors that may impact the estimated glomerular filtration rate in healthy women with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Their results implicated age as the most important determining factor in both groups,followed by lactic dehydrogenase,uric acid,forced expiratory volume in one second,and albumin.In addition,for the NAFLD-group,the 5th and 6th most important impact factors were thyroid-stimulating hormone and systolic blood pressure,as compared to plasma calcium and body fat for the NAFLD+group.However,the study's distinctive contribution lies in its adoption of ML methodologies,showcasing their superiority over traditional statistical approaches(herein MLR),thereby highlighting the potential of ML to represent an invaluable advanced adjunct tool in clinical practice and research.

AI赋能哲学社会科学研究、传播及评价

人工智能正在改变整个人类社会,丰富人们的文化生活,促进科技创新与发展,是各行各业“新质化”的促进剂。人工智能可为哲学社会科学提供高效的研究工具和研究场景,将深刻影响哲学社会科学研究、传播及评价的方方面面。加速人工智能在哲学社会科学研究、传播及评价领域的深入应用,提升哲学社会科学研究效率,促进哲学社会科学的创新与发展,构建自主知识体系,是当下哲学社会科学工作者的重要使命。为推进AI赋能哲学社会科学(AI4SS),2024年9月28日,由西华大学、四川省社会科学学术期刊协会主办,西华大学学术期刊部、四川省社会科学重点研究基地四川学术成果分析与应用研究中心承办的“AI赋能社科研究与评价天府论坛”在西华大学举行。来自南京大学、中国人民大学、四川大学等高校与科研机构的20位专家学者,从不同学科、研究领域出发,就人工智能赋能哲学社会科学研究、传播及评价进行了深入交流。文章为20位专家学者在论坛上所作报告的主要观点。这些报告议题包括AI赋能人文社科研究方法的变革,法学、教育学、经济学、图书情报学、新闻传播等社会学科视域下的人工智能,AI辅助社会科学研究的学术伦理,人工智能在医疗健康、大宗商品价格风险监测、大学生高阶思维能力培养等方面的应用,AI赋能学术期刊出版与传播,AI赋能哲学社会科学评价新模式、新平台、新场景,等等。这些议题共同描绘了一个由AI技术驱动的多学科融合与创新的新时代。

Contrast enhanced multi-detector CT and MR findings of a well-differentiated pancreatic vipoma

Pancreatic vipoma is an extremely rare tumor accounting for less than 2% of endocrine pancreatic neoplasms with a reported incidence of 0.1-0.6 per million. While cross-sectional imaging findings are usually not specific, exact localization of the tumor by means of either computed tomography(CT) or magnetic resonance(MR) is pivotal for surgical planning. However, cross-sectional imaging findings are usually not specific and further characterization of the tumor may only be achieved bysomatostatin-receptor scintigraphy(SRS). We report the case of a 70 years old female with a two years history of watery diarrhoea who was found to have a solid, inhomogeneously enhancing lesion at the level of the pancreatic tail at Gadolinium-enhanced MR(Somatom Trio 3T, Siemens, Germany). The tumor had been prospectively overlooked at a contrast-enhanced multi-detector CT(Aquilion 64, Toshiba, Japan) performed after i.v. bolus injection of only 100 cc of iodinated non ionic contrast media because of a chronic renal failure(3.4 mg/mL) but it was subsequently confirmed by SRS. The patient first underwent a successful symptomatic treatment with somatostatin analogues and was then submitted to a distal pancreasectomy with splenectomy to remove a capsulated whitish tumor which turned out to be a well-differentiated vipoma at histological and immuno-histochemical analysis.

社会工作质性评估研究的回顾(1990-2003)对中国社会工作的启示

Objective: This paper reviewed and examined the quality of all the qualitative evaluation studies indexed by two key search terms of “qualitative” and “evaluation” in the Social Work Abstracts database from 1990 to 2003 against a number of criteria typically adopted in the field of qualitative research. The review led to a dissatisfactory finding of the low quality of many qualitative evaluation studies due to their insensitivity to the following issues: philosophical basis of the study, auditability (detailed documentation of the participants and data collecting procedure), biases (acknowledgement of biases and preoccupation, and steps to deal with them), credibility or trustworthiness (triangulation, peer checking and participant verification of the findings), consistency (reliability consciousness and audit trails), and critical interpretation of the data (alternative explanations, disconfirming evidence, and limitations of the study). It was recommended that researchers be cautious when utilizing findings from the published qualitative evaluation studies; that social workers be sensitive to the issue of quality when conducting qualitative evaluation studies; that researchers be critical when judging the qualitative evaluation studies in social work; that researchers develop a clear set of guidelines for qualitative studies; that social work training institutes design qualified qualitative research courses; that a database of social work in China be established; that researchers be engaged in more qualitative studies that demonstrate high quality; that myths in qualitative research be debunked; and that adequate training for social workers on qualitative evaluation studies be provided.

Research integration for health sciences libraries

This article is a case study of an innovative academic health sciences library initiative that describes the planning and events in the inaugural year of a new library research program. In response to emerging trends in health sciences libraries to increase research skills of librarians in order to foster expanded research integration within the health sciences disciplines,the University of Michigan Taubman Health Sciences Library established an EXPERT Research Initiative. This new program is part of the strategic planning for the future of the library and is focused on three primary goals： expanding the library＇s research portfolio,building librarians＇ research skills and competencies,and increasing the library＇s research visibility. The article highlights five library projects that illustrate the different kinds of research collaborations librarians are engaged in with health sciences faculty,researchers,clinicians,and students.

On the Combination of “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” —— and a Discussion on “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese Language Studies

In Chinese language studies, both “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” are traditional in methodology and they both deserve being treasured, passed on, and further developed. It will certainly do harm to the development of academic research if any of the two methods is given unreasonable priority. The author claims that the best or one of the best methodologies of the historical study of Chinese language is the combination of the two, hence a new interpretation of “The Double-proof Method”. Meanwhile, this essay is also an attempt to put forward “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese language studies, in which the author believes that it is not advisable to either treat Gui-mei as Quan-ma or vice versa in linguistic research. It is crucial for us to respect always the language facts first, which is considered the very soul of linguistics.

A review and research on comprehensive characterization of microscopic shale gas reservoir space

In this paper,substantial domestic and foreign research results of microscopic shale reservoir space were systemically reviewed,the research history consisting of simple observation and qualitative classification,quantitative research,the combination of qualitative and quantitative research successively as well as the characteristics of each research stage were summarized.In addition,the current problems existing in the characterization methods of shale reservoir space were also analyzed.Furthermore,based on massive actual detection of typical core samples obtained from more than 50 global shale gas wells and relevant practical experience,a comprehensive characterization method of combining qualitative with the semiquantitative characterization was put forward.In detail,the indicators of the qualitative characterization include pore combination type and organic-matter microscopic morphology type,while the core elements of the semi-quantitative characterization include the percentage of the organic-matter area and the plane porosity of the pores of different types.Based on the reference of the naming and classification of rocks,the three-end-member diagram method was used to characterize microscopic shale reservoir space.This is achieved by plotting the three end-member diagram of 3 kinds of first-order critical reservoir spaces,i.e.,organic-matter pores,matrix pores,and micro-fractures,in order to intuitively present the features of the microscopic pore combination.Meanwhile,statistic histograms of organic-matter microscopic morphology type and the plane porosity of different types of pores were adopted to characterize the development degree of second-order pores quantitatively.By this comprehensive characterization method,the importance of both pore combination and the microscopic morphology of organic matter were emphasized,revealing the control of organic-matter microscopic morphology over the organic-matter pores.What is more,high-resolution FE-SEM was adopted to obtain semi-quantitative statistics results.In this way,the features of pore development and pore combination were quantified,not only reflecting the types and storage capacity of the microscopic shale reservoir space,but also presenting the hydrocarbongenerating potential of organic matter in shale.Therefore,the results of this research are capable of providing in-depth microscopic information for the assessment and exploration and development of shale gas resources.

Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Contrast Agents for Clinical Research: Limitations and Alternatives

Introduction: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging is a technique that will establish itself in the short term at the international level because it is recognized for its potential to improve the performance of surgical interventions, its moderate investment and operating costs and its portability. Although the technology is now mature, there is currently the problem of the availability of contrast agents to be injected IV. The aim of this methodology article is to propose an alternative solution to the need for contrast agents for clinical research, particularly in oncology. Methodology: They consist of coupling a fluorescent marker in the form of an NHS derivative, such as IR DYE manufactured in compliance with GMP, with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies having marketing authorization for molecular imaging. For a given antibody, the marking procedure must be the subject of a validation file on the final preparation filtered on a sterilizing membrane at 0.22 μm. Once the procedure has been validated, it would be unnecessary to repeat the tests before each clinical research examination. A check of the marking by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and place it in a sample bank at +4˚C for 1 month of each injected formulation would be sufficient for additional tests if necessary. Conclusion: Molecular near-infrared fluorescence imaging is experiencing development, the process of which could be accelerated by greater availability of clinical contrast agents. Alternative solutions are therefore necessary to promote clinical research in this area. These methods must be shared to make it easier for researchers.

桑天牛卵长尾啮小蜂的繁殖生物学研究

The reproduction characteristics of Aprostocetus prolixus, which is a new parasitioid on Apriona germarii, were studied. It demonstrated that the female adult can generate offspring by either sex reproduction or parthenogenesis, but all the offspring were male if they were from the mode of parthenogenesis. The sex ratio, with investigating in nature, was 2.38∶1. The environmental conditions had notable influence on sex ratio, survival ratio and fecundity. Its sex ratio increased to 3.48∶1 by feeding complementary nutrition that adding with 20% honey. The temperature has great effect on Aprostocetus prolixus in terms of system research, of which adult longevity decreased with temperature from 17.5 ℃ to 35 ℃ and its ability of reproduction increased between 25 ℃ and 30 ℃ but the acme at 27.5 ℃. Without the feeding complementary nutrition, on the other hand, the female adult will both lose the ability of fecundity at the temperature below 17.5 ℃ and over 35 ℃. With humidity increasing from 40% to 80%, its fecundity increased significantly. It also showed that there was no significant influence of temperature on fecundity between the 4 ℃ to 8 ℃ when cold storage( i.e. the matured larvae for 90 d, the adults for 10 d and the host egg for 40 d).

Clinical Outcome of Low Dose Contrast during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Moderate to Severe Kidney Impairment

Background: Chronic kidney disease patients are at a greater risk for nephropathy requiring dialysis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Such patients are usually deferred due to fear of “Renalism”.?Objectives This study assesses the outcome of Low dose contrast protocol during PCI in CKD patients whose e-GFR 60 ml/min/1.72 m and investigates a safety margin for contrast use in these high-risk categories.?Methods: Patients were into three groups according to CV/e-GFR ratio: Group (A) low-dose: CV/e-GFR ratio 2.0 Group (B) medium-dose: CV/e-GFR ratio > 2.0 and × bodyweight\s.creatinine). Group (C) high-dose: CV/e-GFR ratio > MACD. Results: A total of 73 patients were enrolled. Average age was 54 ± 8 years,81.4% were male and 18.6% were females and 52% were diabetic. Mean baseline e-GFR was 40 ± 8.0 ml/min/1.73m2. Contrast Volume used in group A was (58.26 ± 15.05) (n = 24), in group B (109.42 ± 17.11) (n = 26) and in group C (304.5 ± 60.30) (n = 23), respectively. The incidences of CI-AKI in the 3 groups were 0%, 11.5% and 35%, respectively (p = 0.02). All-cause death 0%, 17% and introduction of maintenance hemo dialysis was 0%, 11.5% and 26%, respectively (p Conclusion: Low dose contrast protocol is safe, effective and easily applicable technique without CI-AKI or death.

国外“游憩”研究进展——ANNALS OF TOURISM RESEARCH反映的学术态势

该文对国际旅游学术界最具影响力的英文期刊ANNALSOFTOURISMRESEARCH(旅游研究纪事),自1974年创刊至2001年发表的有关游憩研究的96篇文献进行分类分析和讨论,总结相关文献的内容类属及专业和地域背景,试图了解20世纪80年代以来国外关于游憩研究的特点和趋势,以期对国内的相关研究有所启示。

改进基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告内容的CRISP共识声明

基本医疗(初级保健)是一门独特的临床专业和研究学科,具有其自身的视角和方法。该领域的研究使用多种研究方法和研究设计来调查各种主题。基本医疗(初级保健)的多样性对其研究内容的报告提出了挑战,尽管已有大量报告指南问世,但没有一项指南专门针对基本医疗(初级保健)学科的需求而设。基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告内容的条目共识(CRISP)清单,旨在指导基本医疗(初级保健)研究的报告,包括提供基本医疗(初级保健)相关人群(从业者、患者和社区)所需的信息。CRISP清单完善了现有指南,有利于基本医疗(初级保健)研究结果的报告、传播和应用。先前的CRISP研究,探索了在该领域改善研究内容报告的可能性。工作组通过对国际化、跨学科和跨专业的基本医疗(初级保健)社区的调查,确定了基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告中需要包含的基本条目。工作组开展了一项包含两轮德尔菲的研究,对必要的条目达成了共识,并汇总成清单。CRISP清单包含24个条目,涵盖了基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告中的研究团队、患者、研究参与者、健康状况、临床接触、护理团队、干预、研究测量、照护环境,以及研究结果的实施等方面。并非全部条目都适用于每种研究设计或主题。CRISP指南为设计和报告以下三类研究提供了参考信息:(1)基本医疗(初级保健)研究人员开展的研究,(2)其他研究人员在基本医疗(初级保健)人群和环境中开展的研究,(3)旨在应用于基本医疗(初级保健)实践中的研究,从而改进对临床服务和研究过程背景的报告。这对于解释研究结果并将其应用于基本医疗(初级保健)的不同人群和环境至关重要。

Can ChatGPT evaluate research quality?

Purpose:Assess whether ChatGPT 4.0 is accurate enough to perform research evaluations on journal articles to automate this time-consuming task.Design/methodology/approach:Test the extent to which ChatGPT-4 can assess the quality of journal articles using a case study of the published scoring guidelines of the UK Research Excellence Framework(REF)2021 to create a research evaluation ChatGPT.This was applied to 51 of my own articles and compared against my own quality judgements.Findings:ChatGPT-4 can produce plausible document summaries and quality evaluation rationales that match the REF criteria.Its overall scores have weak correlations with my self-evaluation scores of the same documents(averaging r=0.281 over 15 iterations,with 8 being statistically significantly different from 0).In contrast,the average scores from the 15 iterations produced a statistically significant positive correlation of 0.509.Thus,averaging scores from multiple ChatGPT-4 rounds seems more effective than individual scores.The positive correlation may be due to ChatGPT being able to extract the author’s significance,rigour,and originality claims from inside each paper.If my weakest articles are removed,then the correlation with average scores(r=0.200)falls below statistical significance,suggesting that ChatGPT struggles to make fine-grained evaluations.Research limitations:The data is self-evaluations of a convenience sample of articles from one academic in one field.Practical implications:Overall,ChatGPT does not yet seem to be accurate enough to be trusted for any formal or informal research quality evaluation tasks.Research evaluators,including journal editors,should therefore take steps to control its use.Originality/value:This is the first published attempt at post-publication expert review accuracy testing for ChatGPT.

旗舰领航——评安桥第二代Integra Research极品级AV系统

在少数高端家庭影院器材玩家的心目当中,一套配置完整的lntegra Research系统,往往代表着超级庞大的动态、包围感真实的空间、密度感细腻的声音、音效几近完美的综合表现.

Contrast ultrasound in hepatocellular carcinoma at a tertiary liver center: First Indian experience

AIM: To assess the role of contrast enhanced ultrasonography in evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at the first Indian tertiary liver center. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examinations over 24 mo for diagnosis, surveillance, characterization and follow up of 50 patients in the context of HCC was performed. The source and indication of referrals, change in referral rate, accuracy and usefulness of CEUS in a tertiary liver center equipped with a 64 slice dual energy computer tomography (CT) and 3 tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were studied. Sonovue (BR1, Bracco, Italy, a second generation contrast agent) was used for contrast US studies. Contrast enhanced CT/MRI or both were performed in all patients. The findings were taken as a baseline reference and correlation was done with respect to contrast US. Contrast enhanced MRI was performed using hepatocyte specific gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA). Iomeron (400 mg; w/v) was used for dynamic CT examinations. RESULTS: About 20 (40%) of the examinations were referred from clinicians for characterization of a mass from previous imaging. About 15 (30%) were performed for surveillance in chronic liver disease; 5 (10%) examinations were performed for monitoring lesions after radiofrequency ablation (RFA); 3 (6%) were post trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) assessments and 3 (6%) were patients with h/o iodinated contrast allergy. About 2(4%) were performed on hemodynamically unstable patients in the intensive care with raised alpha fetoprotein and 2(4%) patients were claustrophobic. The number of patients referred from clinicians steadily increased from 12 in the first 12 mo of the study to 38 in the last 12 mo. CEUS was able to diagnose 88% of positive cases of HCC as per reference standards. In the surveillance group, specificity was 53.3% vs 100% by CT/MRI. Post RFA and TACE specificity of lesion characterization by CEUS was 100% in single/large mass assessment, similar to CT/MRI. For non HCC lesions such as regenerative and dysplastic nodules, the specificity was 50% vs 90% by CT/MRI. The positive role of CEUS in imaging spectrum of HCC included a provisional urgent diagnosis of an incidentally detected mass. It further led to a decrease in time for further management. A confident diagnosis on CEUS was possible in cases of characterization of an indeterminate mass, in situations where the patient was unfit for CT/MRI, was allergic to iodinated contrast or had claustrophobia, etc.CEUS was also cost effective, radiation free and an easy modality for monitoring post RFA or TACE lesions. CONCLUSION: CEUS is a valuable augmentation to the practice of ultrasonography, and an irreplaceable modality for confounding cases and interpretation of indeterminate lesions in imaging of HCC.