Exploring Variability in Sea Level at a Tide Gauge Station through Control Charts

Monitoring temporal changes in sea level is important in assessing coastal risk.Sea level anomalies at a tide gauge station,if kinematically conceived,include systematic variations such as trend,acceleration,periodic oscillations,and random disturbances.Among them,the non-stationary nature of the random sea level variations of known or unknown origin at coastal regions has been long recognized by the sea level community.This study proposes the analyses of subgroups of random residual statistics of a rigorously formulated kinematic model solution of tide gauge variations using X-bar and S control charts.The approach is demonstrated using Key West,Florida tide gauge records.The mean and standard errors of 5-year-long subgroups of the residuals revealed that sea level changes at this location have been progressively intensifying from 1913 to the present.Increasing oscillations in sea level at this locality may be attributed partly to the thermal expansion of seawater with increasing temperatures causing larger buoyancy-related sea level fluctuations as well as the intensification of atmospheric events including wind patterns and the impact of changes in inverted barometer effects that will alter coastal risk assessments for the future.

Comprehensive effects of traditional Chinese medicine treatment on heart failure and changes in B-type natriuretic peptide levels: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Heart failure(HF),a common cardiovascular condition,is characterized by significant morbidity and mortality.While traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is often used as a complementary approach in HF management,systematic evalua-tions of its impact on clinical outcomes,TCM syndrome scores,and B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP)levels are lacking.This study fills this gap through a comprehensive analysis of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)focusing on TCM for HF treatment.It encompasses an assessment of methodological quality,a meta-analysis,and an evaluation of evidence quality based on established standards.The results offer crucial insights into the potential advantages and constraints of TCM in HF management.RCTs on TCM for HF treatment published since the establishment of the database were searched in four Chinese and English databases,including China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang,VIP Information Chinese Science and Technology Journal,and PubMed.Methodological quality was assessed for the included studies with the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool,and the meta-analysis and publication bias assessment was performed with the RevMan5.3 software.Finally,the quality of evidence was rated according to the GRADE criteria.RESULTS A total of 1098 RCTs were initially retrieved.After screening,16 RCTs were finally included in our study,which were published between 2020 and 2023.These RCTs involved 1660 HF patients,including 832 in the TCM group[TCM combined with conventional Western medicine(CMW)treatment]and 828 in the CWM group(CWM treatment).The course of treatments varied from 1 wk to 3 months.TCM syndrome differentiation was analyzed in 11 of the included RCTs.In all included RCTs,outcome indicators included comprehensive clinical outcomes,TCM syndrome scores,and BNP levels.The meta-analysis results showed significant differences between the TCM and CWM groups in terms of comprehensive clinical outcomes[risk ratio=-0.54;95%confidence interval(CI)=-0.61,-0.47;P<0.00001],TCM syndrome scores[weighted mean difference(WMD)=-142.07;95%CI=-147.56,-136.57;P<0.00001],and BNP levels(WMD=-142.07;95%CI=-147.56,-136.57;P<0.00001).According to the GRADE criteria,RCTs where"TCM improves clinical comprehensive outcomes"were rated as low-quality evidence,and RCTs where"TCM reduces TCM syndrome scores"or"TCM decreases BNP levels"were rated as medium-quality evidence.CONCLUSION TCM combined with CWM treatment effectively improves comprehensive clinical outcomes and diminishes TCM syndrome scores and BNP levels in HF patients.Given the low and medium quality of the included RCTs,the application of these results should be cautious.

Multi-level Cooperation and Complementary Advantage Poverty Alleviation Model in Poverty-Stricken Counties of Tibetan Areas:A Case Study of Songpan County in Sichuan Province

Songpan County is a poverty-stricken county in Tibetan areas of Sichuan Province,it belongs to a concentrated poverty-stricken area in China.Through summarizing the specific conditions of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model in Songpan County,this paper analyzed the effect of this model.Through the analysis on the cooperative poverty alleviation model(eastern-western cooperation,provincial targeted assistance,county-wide"four-leading and four-assistance"inner-party assistance,social force"10000 enterprises helping 10000 villages",and"visiting every household and keeping every person busy"),it summarized the implementation and actual results of each level.In addition,it summarized the problems encountered in the implementation process of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model and came up with recommendations.With the aid of this successful multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model,Songpan County has achieved a decisive victory in the fight against poverty.At the end of April 2019,the poverty rate in the whole region fell to 0.45%,and it successfully took off the poverty hat.This paper analyzed and refined the specific practice,main achievements,successful experience,implications and reference significance of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model,to provide necessary references for innovation of poverty alleviation model in poverty-stricken Tibetan areas,or even other similar provinces and regions.

基于SERVQUAL模型的基层医疗卫生服务质量评价研究

目的:在县域医共体的建设背景下,评价社区卫生服务中心服务质量及影响因素,提出基层医疗卫生服务质量改善对策。方法:运用SERVQUAL模型,从社区卫生服务中心服务质量的有形性、可靠性、响应性、信任性、移情性方面,形成问卷条目;通过多因素二分类logistic回归探索筛查服务质量差距的影响因素;借助IPA象限图呈现居民对社区卫生服务中心的SERVQUAL模型各维度服务质量重要性的分布情况。结果:问卷各项条目的服务质量差距均为负值,服务保证性和移情性维度的服务质量差距得分最高,分别为-0.47±0.59分和-0.47±0.65分;服务有形性维度的服务质量差距得分最低,为-0.40±0.55分。年龄、收入情况和慢病年限是服务质量差距的影响因素。结论:当前基层医疗卫生服务质量与居民的期望之间存在一定差距,基层医疗卫生服务机构应重视对低年龄、高收入和慢病病程较长的居民的服务需求。

广西紧密型县域医共体试点地区乡镇卫生院运行效率研究——基于Bootstrap-DEA和Tobit模型

目的:分析近年来广西紧密型县域医共体试点地区乡镇卫生院的运行效率及其影响因素,提出对策建议。方法:运用Bootstrap-DEA模型测算2015—2020年试点地区乡镇卫生院静态、动态运行效率,借助Tobit模型检验各因素对效率的影响。结果:2015—2020年试点地区乡镇卫生院综合效率、纯技术效率、规模效率均小于0.9,未达到有效状态;6年间全要素生产率小于1,处于退步状态;医护比、全科医生数占比、医师日均担负诊疗人次、人均GDP、重点人群数量对综合效率有正向影响,出院者平均住院日、门急诊病人人均费用对综合效率有负向影响。结论:紧密型医共体试点地区乡镇卫生院运行效率退步,原因主要在于技术进步指数下降,建议完善乡镇卫生院管理制度,提升管理与医疗技术水平,强化医共体信息平台建设,提升乡镇卫生院运行效率。

Present situation and the countermeasures of health human resources in Guangxi general hospitals at the county - level

[目的] 了解广西县级综合医院卫生人力资源状况,为进一步推进县级医院改革提供建设性意见. [方法]通过问卷调查法、数理统计法等综合分析广西县级综合医院卫生人力资源现状.[结果]广西县级综合 医院在岗人员在编率为41.56%,医护比为1： 1.68, 67.12%的卫生技术人员职称为初级及以下,超七成拥有 大专及以上学历.[结论]广西县级综合医院卫生技术人员在编率较低,医护比、职称及学历结构不合理,整 体年龄偏低,需通过综合措施加以改善.

Exploring the Nexus between Climate Hazards and Conflict in Lamu County: Implications for Community Adaptation Action Plans

This paper investigated the complex relationship between climate change and security in Lamu County, with focus on community perceptions, vulnerabilities, and adaptation strategies. The study utilized a participatory approach involving Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) to gather insights from diverse community members. Results revealed a growing recognition of climate change as a significant factor amplifying security risks, including resource-based conflicts, food and water insecurity, pest and disease outbreaks, and rising sea levels. The analysis of historical climate data indicated shifts in rainfall patterns and rising temperatures, exacerbating these hazards. Furthermore, it underscores the need to mainstream climate change actions across various sectors for sustainable development and human security. Lamu County in Kenya faces a myriad of security challenges stemming from climate change, with the community perceiving droughts, pests, diseases, and conflicts as prominent hazards. These climatic impacts have led to crop failures, livestock losses, water scarcity, property damage, displacement, and instability. Local adaptation strategies have shown varying degrees of effectiveness, highlighting the need for community-specific and sustainable solutions. The study identified local adaptation strategies and emphasized the importance of early warning systems, informed decision-making, and mainstreaming climate change actions across sectors to enhance human security and sustainable development. However, it also acknowledges limitations in community participation and suggests future research avenues to ensure the inclusion of marginalized voices in such studies.

基于S-CAD法的县域新型城镇化发展规划方案评估研究——以陕西省佳县为例

规划方案作为相关利益主体价值观的直接体现,应当在规划评估中予以重视。基于城乡规划的公共政策属性,采用S-CAD政策评估方法,以陕西省佳县的《新型城镇化与城乡统筹规划》文本为例,选取规划编制与实施主体——政府作为主导视角,对规划文本的内容进行解构,在此基础上进行规划立场、目标、手段与预期结果的一致性、充要性与依赖性分析。研究发现:一、该规划文本自身的逻辑性较强,各个环节存在基本的对应关系;二、规划文本当中对于产业发展以及由此带来的人口问题、基础设施与公共服务设施问题的解决方案描述较多,对于生态环境保护、交通环境改善以及人口流动的实质性解决方案相对较少,逻辑上存在一定的漏洞,需进一步完善逻辑链条。基于此,提出建立城乡规划全过程评估体系及重视多元利益主体协调关系的建议,以期为相关规划的编制与评估工作提供参考。

2022年云南红河县M_(S)5.0地震震害特征

2022年11月19日云南省红河县(23.37°N,102.26°E)发生M_(S)5.0地震,打破了红河哈尼族彝族自治州21世纪以来未发生5级以上地震的记录。本文结合地震现场灾害损失调查和灾情资料收集整理,详细阐述了灾区的建筑物震害、生命线工程震害、地震地质灾害特征及原因分析,并与云南相近震级历史地震震害特征进行对比,结果表明,本次地震灾区受灾规模小,余震少,灾害损失相对较轻。

利用HVSR方法探测四川理县西山村滑坡速度结构

HVSR(Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio)是地震背景噪声水平分量与垂直分量的频谱比,常被用来探测起伏地形较小的浅地表速度结构.然而,高起伏地形下该方法的适用性还需要仔细研究.本文探讨利用HVSR方法探测四川理县西山村滑坡的速度结构.我们首先将ENZ坐标系下三分量地震数据旋转到垂直于地形自由面的LQT坐标系,分别计算了两个坐标系下2 h地震背景噪声数据的HVSR曲线,对比结果发现,LQT坐标系下三分量数据的HVSR峰值频率更能反映地下结构信息.然后,本文反演了29个台站LQT坐标系的HVSR曲线,获得了滑坡体堆积物及基岩的一维S波速度结构.西山村滑坡体堆积物的S波速度范围为50~1000 m·s^(-1),滑坡厚度23~130 m.滑坡体西侧边缘地下40~120 m处存在10~20 m的低速层,表明该位置抗剪强度相对较弱,是潜在的滑动危险区域.对数据进行坐标系转换后,HVSR方法能够利用较短的观测数据获取可靠的滑坡体速度结构,为滑坡体积估算、脆弱位置识别、灾害评估提供重要信息.

基于Swanson关怀理论的护理干预在早产儿母亲中的应用

目的:探讨以Swanson关怀理论为框架的护理干预在早产儿母亲中的应用效果。方法:采取便利抽样法选取2022年1月-5月入住百色市某三级甲等医院新生儿重症监护室(NICU)治愈出院的40例早产儿母亲作为对照组,选取2022年6月-10月入住百色市某三级甲等医院NICU治愈出院的40例早产儿母亲作为试验组。对照组实施NICU常规护理,试验组在对照组干预的基础上实施基于Swanson关怀理论的护理干预,比较两组早产儿母亲干预前后疾病不确定感、希望水平、育儿胜任感得分情况。结果:干预后试验组早产儿母亲疾病不确定感得分明显低于对照组(P<0.001),希望水平得分明显高于对照组(P<0.001);出院时及出院1个月后试验组早产儿母亲育儿胜任感得分明显高于对照组(P<0.001)。结论:基于Swanson关怀理论的护理干预可有效降低早产儿母亲疾病不确定感水平,提高其希望水平,增强其育儿胜任感,有利于早产儿顺利从医院过渡至家庭。

Dynamic Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Groundwater Level in Qianyang County

The dynamic characteristics and influencing factors of groundwater level in Qianyang County were analyzed.The results showed that in the south bank of the Qianhe River,the change of groundwater level was mainly affected by precipitation,and the response of the groundwater level to the change of precipitation was one year later.The groundwater level presented a downward trend on the whole.In the north bank of the Qianhe River,the supply source of the groundwater level included precipitation and hydrology,and the groundwater level showed a rising trend on the whole.In the plain area,there was a sudden change in the groundwater level under the control of human activities.In a word,the main factors influencing the groundwater level in various geological conditions were different,so there were great differences between various regions in the dynamic characteristics of the groundwater level in Qianyang County.

乌什M_(S)7.1地震引起新55井、新46井水位水温同震响应分析

为研究乌什M_(S)7.1地震引起新55井、新46井水位不同程度的响应变化,对比分析观测井水位的同震响应特征,从含水层渗透性变化和地震波能量密度探讨了同震响应机理。结果表明:①伽师新55井和乌什新46井同震响应形态主要表现为井水位的大幅快速上升。②固体潮计算分析结果表明当地震波作用于新55井和新46井时,前者垂向水力交换增强,水平向水力交换减弱,含水层的水与井水进行交换,引起井水位同震上升变化;后者含水层渗透性增加,含水层水与井水进行交换,引起井水位同震上升变化。③地震能量密度计算结果显示新55井比新46井容易触发同震响应,这种差异性的响应可能与井含水层岩性有关。

Correlation between Geographical Regional Economy and Construction of County-level Vocational Education Centers

In the period of Eleventh Five-Year Plan,the construction of county-level vocational education centers in Shanxi Province made great contribution to local social and economic development. Due to influence of special geography,population environment and regional economic development situation,it forms the pattern of strong in southeast and weak in northwest. Thus,scientific making plan for construction of vocational education centers in northwestern counties( cities) and establishing long-term mechanism for construction of vocational education centers will be helpful for serving regional economic construction.

STUDY ON METHODS OF LAND USE DYNAMIC MONITORING AT COUNTY LEVEL──Taking Dehui County, Jilin Province for Example

Remote sensing technique has played an important role in land use dynamic monitoring, but as for the land use dynamic monitoring at county level, traditional remote sensing methods such as satellite imagery visual interpretation and computer classification can not meet its demand for accuracy. The result of 1:10 000 land use investigation map has high accuracy, but this method can not be used to dynamically monitor the land use because of its big expenses, long period and difficulty in updating data. In this paper, the characteristics of physiognomy, climate and the status of land use in Dehui County are taken into consideration and a set of method, which takes use of 3S techniques and applies to Northeast China Plain, is come up with. When the land use type of a land parcel changed as a whole, the date updating can be make by changing its land type ID in the attribute table in a GIS. When the land use type of an irregular area changed, GPS receivers are used to position its border. This set of method is characteristic of high accuracy and low expenses. It gets the information of land use change timely and can be used to dynamically monitor the land use. .

In-doping collaboratively controlling back interface and bulk defects to achieve efficient flexible CZTSSe solar cells

Focusing on the low open circuit voltage(V_(OC))and fill factor(FF)in flexible Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)solar cells,indium(In)ions are introduced into the CZTSSe absorbers near Mo foils to modify the back interface and passivate deep level defects in CZTSSe bulk concurrently for improving the performance of flexible device.The results show that In doping effectively inhibits the formation of secondary phase(Cu(S,Se)_(2))and VSndefects.Further studies demonstrate that the barrier height at the back interface is decreased and the deep level defects(Cu_(Sn)defects)in CZTSSe bulk are passivated.Moreover,the carrier concentration is increased and the V_(OC) deficit(V_(OC,def))is decreased significantly due to In doping.Finally,the flexible CZTSSe solar cell with 10.01%power conversion efficiency(PCE)has been obtained.The synergistic strategy of interface modification and bulk defects passivation through In incorporation provides a new thought for the fabrication of efficient flexible kesterite-based solar cells.

Evaluation on Terrain-Climate Superiority Degree at County Level in Yunnan Province

Terrain slope and climate zone(heat zone)are important factors affecting land use zoning and agricultural production layout in mountainous areas.Using"weight grade method",a quantitative index of comprehensively evaluating terrain slope and climatic(thermal)conditions in mountainous areas was proposed:terrain-climate superiority degree(TCSD),and TCSD,terrain superiority degree(TSD),and climate superiority degree(CSD)in 129 counties(cities and districts)of Yunnan Province were measured and analyzed.The results showed that TCSD in 50.39%of counties of Yunnan Province was relatively better(levels I and II),and TCSD in 38.76%of counties was moderate(level III),while TCSD in 10.85%of counties was relatively poorer(levels IV and V).

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大鼠尿液中双酚S内暴露水平

目的建立不同剂量双酚S(Bisphenol S,BPS)暴露动物实验模型,分析大鼠尿液中BPS内暴露水平的动态变化。方法通过灌胃给药建立对照组、1μg/kg低剂量组、100μg/kg中剂量组和10 mg/kg高剂量组Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠暴露模型,使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)内标法检测大鼠在连续6周暴露不同剂量BPS后其尿样中BPS含量的变化。结果目标物BPS在0.2~100μg/L的范围内呈良好线性关系,r^(2)≥0.998,方法检出限为0.01μg/L,定量限为0.03μg/L。对大鼠尿液的检测结果表明,随着暴露时间的增加,BPS在各剂量组大鼠体内的生物累积效应明显,尿液中BPS的内暴露水平在给药的6周中持续升高,且从给药后的第一周开始,尿液BPS含量的组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论本研究成功建立了不同剂量BPS暴露的SD大鼠动物实验模型,准确测定了大鼠连续6周尿液中双酚S的内暴露水平,为BPS毒理学剂量-效应关系研究提供参考。

基于GIS和加权信息量模型的富源县地质灾害易发性评价

富源县位于云南省东部,该区地形地貌复杂,地质环境脆弱,加之煤矿工程活动等诱发因素,导致地质灾害频发,危及人民生命财产和生产生活安全。构建科学合理的地质灾害评价体系对地质灾害防治工作具有重要意义。选取高程、坡度、工程地质岩组、地质构造、降雨量、水系、道路工程、煤矿工程活动8个指标,基于地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)和加权信息量模型对富源县进行地质灾害易发性分区评价。结果表明:煤矿工程活动与工程地质岩组是富源县地质灾害发育的重要影响因子,将研究区划分为低易发区、较低易发区、中易发区、较高易发区和高易发区,面积(占比)分别为383.8 km^(2)(19.54%)、449.77 km^(2)(31.12%)、759.67 km^(2)(23.53%)、1004.99 km^(2)(13.93%)和630.97 km^(2)(11.89%),其中地质灾害高易发区与采煤活动分布较一致,是灾害点较为集中的区域。通过ROC曲线验证,正确率为77.95%,表明区划较为合理,可以为富源县地质灾害防治提供参考。

面向SDGs的黄土高原地区可持续发展水平测度、时空分异及未来趋势研究

联合国2030年可持续发展目标(sustainable development goals,SDGs)的本土化是现阶段落实SDGs的核心任务。针对现有研究空间尺度大、时间尺度短的特点,以黄土高原地区348个县域作为研究区,通过构建指标体系以及采用莫兰指数评估2000—2020年可持续发展水平及时空演进特征,并利用灰色马尔科夫模型对未来可持续发展趋势进行探究。结果表明:黄土高原地区可持续发展水平在2000—2020年呈波动式上升,与中国整体平均水平间的差距逐渐缩小。各县域发展存在一定差距,青海省所辖县域处于绝对的劣势地位。各县域之间的空间正向关联性逐渐缩小,高-高聚集地区越来越多,未来10年可持续发展水平将持续提高。