Crystal structure,phase transitions,and thermodynamic properties of magnesium metavanadate(MgV_(2)O_(6))

As a promising anode material for magnesium ion rechargeable batteries,magnesium metavanadate(MgV_(2)O_(6))has attracted considerable research interest in recent years.A MgV_(2)O_(6)sample was synthesized via a facile solid-state reaction by multistep-firing stoichiometric mixtures of MgO and V2O5 powder under an air atmosphere.The solid-state phase transition fromα-MgV_(2)O_(6)toβ-MgV_(2)O_(6)occurred at 841 K and the enthalpy change was 4.37±0.04 kJ/mol.The endothermic effect at 1014 K and the enthalpy change was 26.54±0.26 kJ/mol,which is related to the incongruent melting ofβ-MgV_(2)O_(6).In situ XRD was performed to investigate phase transition of the as-prepared MgV_(2)O_(6)at high temperatures.The cell parameters obtained by Rietveld refinement indicated that it crystallizes in a monoclinic system with the C2/m space group,and the lattice parameters of a=9.280 A°,b=3.501 A°,c=6.731 A°,β=111.76°.The solid-state phase transition fromα-MgV_(2)O_(6)toβ-MgV_(2)O_(6)was further studied by thermal kinetics,indicating that this process is controlled first by a fibril-like mechanism and then by a spherulitic-type mechanism with an increasing heating rate.Additionally,the enthalpy change of MgV_(2)O_(6)at high temperatures was measured utilizing the drop calorimetry,heat capacity was calculated and given as:Cp=208.3+0.03583T-4809000T^(−2)(298-923 K)(J mol^(−1)K^(−1)),the high-temperature heat capacity can be used to calculate Gibbs free energy of MgV_(2)O_(6)at high temperatures.

The Crystal Structure Study of CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6−δ by Neutron Diffraction

The crystal structure of CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6−δ is investigated through neutron diffraction techniques in this study. The material is synthesized using a solid-state synthesis method at a temperature of 1200˚C. Neutron diffraction data is subjected to Rietveld refinement, and a comparative analysis with X-ray diffraction (XRD) data is performed to unravel the structural details of the material. The findings reveal that the synthesized material exhibits a cubic crystal structure with a Pm-3m phase. The neutron diffraction results offer valuable insights into the arrangement of atoms within the lattice, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the material’s structural properties. This research enhances our knowledge of CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6−δ, with potential implications for its applications in various technological and scientific domains.

Analyses of Reaction Mechanisms among Different Sulfonation Reagents and m-Diphenylamine and Crystal Structures of the Formed Compounds

In the traditional process, m-phenylenediamine reacts with fuming sulfuric acid at high temperature to get intermediates, and then after dehydration occurs intramolecular rearrangement to get 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid. Traditional methods need to consume a lot of fuming sulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid, resulting in high industrial large-scale production cost, more waste, and posing a serious environmental pollution risk. In this thesis, three different sulfonation reagents were used for the sulfonation reaction of m-phenylenediamine, and the reaction mechanisms and crystal structures of the three pathways were investigated. The three routes are: 1) one-step synthesis of monosulfonated compound 1 from raw material and sulfur trioxide (SO3);2) rapid reaction of raw material and chlorosulfonic acid to synthesize bisulfonated compound 2;3) direct eutectic crystallization of raw material and ordinary sulfuric acid to obtain compound 3. The crystal structure of the compounds synthesized by three paths was analyzed by X-ray single crystal diffraction, and compound 1 was characterized by NMR, Fourier infrared spectra, UV-visible spectrum and Mass spectrometry. The one-step synthesis of SO3 as a sulfonation reagent has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, simple operation and low cost.

Investigation on the crystal structure and mechanical properties of the ternary compound Mg_(11-x)Zn_(x)Sr combined with experimental measurements and first-principles calculations

A new ternary compound,Mg_(11-x)Zn_(x)Sr in the Mg-Zn-Sr system was observed and studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM),Energy-Dispersive Spectroscope(EDS),X-Ray Diffraction(XRD)and Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM).The XRD patterns were refined by the Rietveld refinement method and the results revealed that the crystallized Mg_(11-x)Zn_(x)Sr phase belonged to tetragonal I41/amd space group and had the Cd_(11)Ba prototype.The Mg atoms were successfully doped into Zn_(11)Sr crystal lattice by occupying Zn atomic sites.Moreover,the Rietveld refinement and computational results demonstrated a gradual decrease in the a-axis and c-axis lattice parameters with decreasing concentration levels of Mg coordination substitution in the lattice of Mg_(11-x)Zn_(x)Sr compound.The elastic constants and modulus of the Mg_(11-x)Zn_(x)Sr compounds calculated by first-principles calculations(FPC)indicated they were increased with the increasing of Zn content.The variation of hardness,D-band widths and the total density of states for Mg_(11-x)Zn_(x)Sr compounds with Zn content was discussed.

Multifunctional Perovskite Photodetectors: From Molecular-Scale Crystal Structure Design to Micro/Nano-scale Morphology Manipulation

Multifunctional photodetectors boost the development of traditional optical communication technology and emerging artificial intelligence fields, such as robotics and autonomous driving. However, the current implementation of multifunctional detectors is based on the physical combination of optical lenses, gratings, and multiple photodetectors, the large size and its complex structure hinder the miniaturization, lightweight, and integration of devices. In contrast, perovskite materials have achieved remarkable progress in the field of multifunctional photodetectors due to their diverse crystal structures, simple morphology manipulation, and excellent optoelectronic properties. In this review, we first overview the crystal structures and morphology manipulation techniques of perovskite materials and then summarize the working mechanism and performance parameters of multifunctional photodetectors. Furthermore, the fabrication strategies of multifunctional perovskite photodetectors and their advancements are highlighted, including polarized light detection, spectral detection, angle-sensing detection, and selfpowered detection. Finally, the existing problems of multifunctional detectors and the perspectives of their future development are presented.

Experimental Investigation of Crystal Structure of Zr 0.98 NiGe 2.94 and Phase Equilibria in Zr-Ni-Ge System

Based on the results of electron probe microanalysis(EPMA)and X-ray diffraction(XRD),the isothermal sections of Zr-Ni-Ge ternary system at 973 K and 1173 K were constructed through alloy sampling approach.It is worth noting that the crystallographic information of the formerly reportedτ2(Zr_(0.98)NiGe_(2.94))was determined,which belongs to the space group Pbcm(No.57).Besides the formerly reported ternary compounds,τ1(Zr_(6)Ni_(16)Ge_(7)),τ_(2)(Zr_(0.98)NiGe_(2.94)),τ_(3)(Zr_(3)Ni_(4)Ge_(4)),τ_(4)(ZrNiGe)andτ_(5)(Zr_(2)Ni_(0.54)Ge_(0.46)),a new ternary phase namedτ_(6)with the composition of Zr_(39)Ni_(18)Ge_(43)was primarily detected in this work.In addition,an invariant reaction Ni_(5)Ge_(3)+τ_(4)τ_(1)+τ_(3)between 973 K and 1173 K was deduced.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a N,N,N′-tri(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-1,2-ethanediamine

An aminophenol ligand, N,N,N＇-tri（2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl）-l,2-ethanediamine, was prepared through the Marmich reaction, and structurally characterized by NMR, IR, MS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound （C26H32N2O3, Mr = 420.54） belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 8.6233（14）, b = 10.2655（16）, c = 26.017（4） A, β = 95.797（2）°, V = 2291.3（6） A^3, Z = 4, the final R = 0.0461 and wR = 0.1139 for 4267 unique reflections （Rint = 0.028） with 11691 observed ones （I〉 2a（I））.

THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF RARE EARTH COMPLEX WITH AMINO ACIDS Ⅱ The Crystal Structure of Gtutamate Comptex of Erbium Perchtorate

The crystat structure of {[Er;（L—Glu）;（H;O）;]（ClO;）;·3H;O);has been studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystal is monoctinic with space group P2;and cell parameters a=19.987（3） , b=16.505（3） , c=11.040（2） , β=104.69（1）;, V=3538（1） , Z=2, Dc=2.29 g. cm;, μ=53.2 cm;, F（000）=2384. The asymmetric unit contains two complex motecules and four centre ions. Each erbium （Ⅲ） is coordinated by five oxygen donors from four different glutamates and four oxygen donors from the aqua ligand to form a nine coordination potyhedron. The mean distances of Er—0 （carboxylate） and Er—Ow are 2.439 and 2.41 respectivety. The finat R and Rw are 0.043 and 0. 058, respectivety.

Spectroscopy Study on Crystal Structure of Ce(NO_3)_3(phen)_2 and Interactions of Ce(NO_3)_3(phen)_2 with DNA

The absorption, fluorescence and Raman spectra of Ce(NO3)(3)(phen)(2) complex were assigned and the crystal structure of the complex was studied. Meanwhile the interactions between Cc (NO3)(3) (phen)(2) and DNA were studied by spectrum methods. As DNA was added, it is found that both the UV absorption bands of Ce(NO3)(3)(phen)(2) and the SERS bands of Ce(NO3)(3)(phen)(2) weaken evidently, while the fluorescence intensity of Ce(NO3)(3)(phen)(2) enhance dramatically. The complex compete against EB on the reaction with DNA. It is indicated by this spectrum methods that there are strong interactions between Ce(NO3)(3)(phen)(2) and DNA, and the bond mode is intercalation. The bond constant of the complex with DNA is determined to be 1.7 x 10(5).

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Antimicrobial Study of a New Schiff Base 2-{(2'-Benzyl)iminoethyl}-5-methoxyphenol

The Schiff base, 2-{（2′-benzyl）iminoethyl}-5-methoxyphenol （C6H4CH2N=C（CH3）C6H3- （OMe-5）OH） 1, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca with a = 8.9849（10）, b = 13.2699（15）, c = 22.975（2） A ,V= 2739.3（5） A^3, Mr= 255.31, Z= 8, F（000） = 1088, Dc = 1.238 g/cm^3, T= 293 K, μ = 0.082 mm^-1, λ = 0.71073 .A, the final R = 0.0596 and wR = 0.1575 for 1934 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. The complex was valued for its antimicrobial activity against bacterial strands using the agar diffusion method, and found to be active against the four test bacterial organisms.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Zinc Complex:[Zn_(2.5)(phen)(BDC)_2(OH)] (phen = 1,10-Phenanthroline, BDC = Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic Acid)

A metal-organic coordination polymer [ZnE.s（phen）（BDC）2（OH）]2 （phen = 1,10- phenanthroline, BDC = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid） 1 has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses and IR spectroscopy. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group PI with a = 11.199（2）, b = 11.593（2）, c = 11.865（3）/A, α= 99.330（1）, β = 111.506（1）, γ = 104.804（1）^o, V= 1328.4（5）A^3, Dc= 1.722 g/cm^3, Z = 1, Mr = 1377.82, F（000） = 692,μ（MoKa） = 2.306 mm^-1, S = 1.093, R= 0.0281 and wR = 0.0756 for 4179 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（/））. The coordination polyhedron around Zn（II） can be described as a tetrahedron, trigonal bipyramid and octahedron. It is worth noting that the crystal structure of 1 is composed of tetranuclear zinc clusters linked by {ZnO6} units.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure,and Spectral Properties of a Novel Co(II) Complex Containing Imidazole Derivative

A novel imidazole derivative with functional group and π-conjugated system, 1- [trans-4-（4-diethylaminostyryl）phenyl]imidazole （abbreviated as L）, and its Con complex （COCl2L4）2 （Co2C168H184N24Cl4, Mr = 2799.05 ） have been synthesized and the crystal structure of the latter was determined by X-ray diffraction. The crystal is of triclinic, space group PI with a = 8.823（3）, b = 18.799（7）, c =23.065（9） A, α = 77.349（6）, β = 83.128（7）, ）, γ= 80.942（3）°, V = 3671.5（12） A^3, Z = 1, Dc = 1.266 g/cm^3,/z = 0.361 mm^-1 F（000） = 1482, the final R = 0.0587 and wR = 0.1284 for 6562 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. In the molecular structure of （COCl2L4）2, there are two crystallographically unique units. The Co^Ⅱ atoms are six-coordinated by four N atoms from four imidazole ligands （L） and two Cl atoms to form a distorted octahedral geometry. The optical properties of complex （COCl2L4）2 have been experimentally studied.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Two-dimensional Coordination Polymer Constructed by Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic Acid and 1,4-Bis(imidazol-1-yl)-butane

A metal-organic coordination polymer [Cd（tdc）（bimb）（μ2-H2O）]n （H2tdc = thiophe-ne-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, bimb = 1,4-bis（imidazol-l-yl）-butane） 1 has been hydrothermally synthe- sized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG, luminescence spectrum and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Colorless crystals crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P^-1 with a = 5.8945（3）, b = 10.3129（5）, c = 11.2226（5） A, a = 95.1430（10）,β = 97.9020（10）, γ = 90.5910（10）°, V = 672.84（6） A^3, C11H11CdN2O5S, Mr= 395.68, De = 1.953 g/cm^3, μ（MoKa） = 1.797 mm^-1, F（000） = 390, Z = 2, the final R = 0.0209 and wR = 0.0508 for 2514 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. The structure of 1 exhibits a two-dimensional layer-like structure.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Theoretical Calculations of a New Co(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer Based on 5-Nitroisophthalic Acid and Bis(imidazol) Ligands

A new complex[Co（NIPH）（mbix）]n（1,H2NIPH = 5-nitroisophthalic acid,mbix =l,3-bis（imidazol-l-ylmethyl）benzene） has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis,IR spectrum,UV spectrum,TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Pink crystals crystallize in the triclinic system,space group P1 with a = 8.3797（8）,b= 10.2522（10）,c= 13.4244（13） A,α=94.820（2）,β=108.105（2）,γ=104.816（2）°,V=1042.84（17） A^3,C（22）H（17）CoN5O6,Mr = 506.34,Dc = 1.613 g/cm^3,F（000） = 518,Z = 2,μ（MoKα） =0.876 mm^（-1）,the final R = 0.0505 and wR = 0.1254 for 3267 observed reflections（I〉2σ（I））.The structure of 1 exhibits a two-dimensional network structure and is extended into a three-dimensional supramolecule through hydrogen bonds and n-n interactions.In addition,Natural Bond Orbital（NBO） analysis was performed by using the PBE0/LANL2 DZ method built in Gaussian 09 Program.The calculation results showed obvious covalent interactions between the coordinated atoms and Co（Ⅱ） ion.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Antifungal Activity of 4-(5-((2,4-Dichlorobenzyl)thio)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridine

The title compound 4-（5-（（2,4-dichlorobenzyl）thio）-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3- yl）pyridine （C20HI4CI2N4S） was synthesized, and its structure was confirmed by 1H NMR, MS, elemental analyses and X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 14.885（5）, b = 8.597（2）, c = 16.144（5）A,β= 114.505（4）°, V= 1879.8（10） A3, Z= 8 and R = 0.0320 for 3108 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. The preliminary biological test shows that the title compound has activities against Stemphylium lyeopersici （Enjoji） Yamamoto, Fusarium oxysporum, sp. cueumebrium, and Botrytis cinerea with inhibitory to be 53.57%, 66.67% and 24.44%, respectively.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Luminescent Property of the One-dimensional Chain Chlorodibenzyltin 2-Quininate

A one-dimensional chain chlorodibenzyltin 2-quininate has been synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR spectra and elemental analysis. The crystal structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group I4（—） with a = 19.1171（10）, b = 19.1171（10）, c = 12.5158（6） , Z = 8, V = 4574.1（4） 3, Dc = 1.477 g·cm-3, μ（MoKα） = 1.252 mm-1, F（000） = 2032, R = 0.0259 and wR = 0.0723. In the complex, the tin atom is six-coordinated to adopt a distorted octahedral configuration with bridging carboxyl of quinoline-2-carboxylic acid. The result of fluorescence spectrum analysis shows that the title complex at room temperature exhibits an intense photoluminescence with maximum emission at 364.2 nm （λex = 303.0 nm）.

Phase Behavior and Crystal Structure of Perovskite-Type Rare Earth Complex Oxides

Several compounds of rare earth complex oxides containing manganese and titanium were synthesized in Ar, and their crystal structures were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction data and Rietveld method. Structures of A0.67Ln0.33 Mn0.33Ti0.6703（A = Ca or Sr and Ln = rare earth） were found to have orthorhombic symmetry with the space group Pnrna, and their interatomic distances and bond angles were obtained. This space group was also derived from electron microscopic study. Electrical conductivity of Cao.67Ln0.33Mn0.33Ti0.6703 for several rare earth elements showed a semiconducting property with the activation energy of 0.4 eV. Some of these compounds of the strontium system show the antiferromagnetic properties below 10 K.

Microwave Assistant Synthesis and Dimeric Crystal Structure of 2-(((6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)-methyl)thio)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole

The title compound 2-(((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)thio)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole 5(C26H18Cl2N8S4) was synthesized, and its structure was confirmed by 1H NMR, MS and elemental analyses and X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 9.452(4), b = 12.335(4), c = 13.017(5) A, α = 90.624(5), β = 110.541(5), γ =104.879(4)°, Dc = 1.561 g/cm3, Z = 2, V = 1364.9(9) A3, F(000) = 656, the final R = 0.0300 and w R = 0.0635 for 4206 observed reflections with I 】 2σ(I). The preliminary biological test showed that the title compound has activities against Stemphylium lycopersici(Enjoji) Yamamoto, Fusarium oxysporum. sp. cucumebrium, and Botrytis cinerea with inhibitory activities to be 9.82%, 44.44% and 20.00%, respectively.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Zinc(II) Complex with Isonicotinate Containing a Three-dimensional Hydrogen-bond Network

A zinc complex, [Zn(iso)_2(H_2O)_4](iso=C_6H_4NO_2^-), was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, thermal analysis and IR spectrum studies. The crystal structure of the complex was determined by X-ray diffraction. The crystal crystallizes in the triclinic system, molecular formula ZnC12H16N2O8, Mr=381.64, space group P with a = 6.338(1), b =6.919(1), c=9.277(1), α=96.28(1), β=104.91(1), γ=112.85(1)°, V=352.12(9)?3, Z=1, Dc=1.80g?cm-3 and F(000)=196, μ =1.791mm-1. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods for final R=0.0204 and Rw=0.0542 for 1258 observed reflections with [Fo>4σ(Fo)]. The crystal structure reveals that zinc ion is trans-octahedral with two pyridyl nitrogens and two aque oxygens at the equational positions and two aqua oxygens at the axial positions. The complex forms a three-dimensional network through intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Electrochemical Properties of a One-dimensional Chain Coordination Polymer [Cu(phen)(2,4,6-TMBA)_2(H_2O)]_n

A one-dimensional chain coordination polymer [Cu（phen）（2,4,6-TMBA）2（H2O）]n has been synthesized by reacting 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic acid, 1,10-phenanthroline and Cu（Ⅱ） perchlorate and its structure was characterized. Crystal data for this complex： tetragonal, space group I41, a = 2.0293（3）, b = 2.0293（3）, c = 1.3758（2） nm, α =β= γ = 90°, V= 5.6657（13） nm3, Dc= 1.379 g/cm3, Z = 8, μ（MoKa） = 0.815 mm-1, Mr = 588.14, F（000） = 2456, S = 1.047, R = 0.0459 and wR = 0.1053. The crystal structure shows that two neighboring Cu（Ⅱ） ions are linked together by one bridging-chelating 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic group, forming a one-dimensional chain structure. Each Cu（Ⅱ） ion is coordinated with two nitrogen atoms from one 1,10-phenanthroline molecule, three oxygen atoms from three 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoic acid molecules and one oxygen atom from one water molecule, giving a six-coordinate distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The cyclic voltammetry behavior of the complex was also investigated.