维生素D治疗全面性发育迟缓患儿的临床疗效研究

背景 除了某些有明确病因的代谢性疾病导致的全面性发育迟缓(GDD),康复治疗是GDD的主要治疗方式;维生素D通过影响神经营养因子在调节神经细胞的发育和分化方面发挥着重要的神经保护作用;但目前关于补充维生素D对GDD患儿临床疗效的研究开展较少。目的 探讨补充不同剂量的维生素D对GDD患儿康复治疗的临床效果。方法 于2020年9月—2022年6月选取在郑州大学第三附属医院康复医学科首次住院就诊的120例GDD患儿为研究对象,采用随机区组化的方法将其分为常规组(38例)、400 U组(37例)和1 200 U组(35例)。常规组仅进行常规康复治疗;400 U组在常规康复治疗的基础上给予口服400 U/d维生素D;1 200 U组在常规康复训练的基础上给予口服1 200 U/d维生素D。收集3组患儿的性别、就诊年龄等基本资料;于入院时(治疗前)及第3个疗程末(治疗后)行血清25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平检测和Gesell发育量表评估[评估适应能力、大运动能力、精细运动能力、语言能力和社交能力5个能区的发育商(DQ)];记录发生在患儿住院期间不良事件的次数,并对上述资料进行分析比较。结果 3组患儿性别、居住地、出生季节、分娩方式、就诊年龄、出生体质量、出生胎龄、主要就诊原因比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前,3组患儿25(OH)D水平、Gesell量表各能区DQ值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,1 200 U组患儿血25(OH)D水平、Gesell量表大运动能力、精细运动能力、语言能力DQ值高于常规组(P<0.05)。第1、2疗程期间,3组患儿不良事件发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);第3疗程期间,1 200 U组患儿不良事件发生率低于常规组及400 U组(P<0.05)。结论 补充1 200 U维生素D对GDD患儿的康复疗效有益,且能减少康复期间不良事件的发生率。

绝经后女性维生素D水平与生殖特点和运动膳食情况的关系

背景:研究证明绝经后骨质疏松症与女性生殖特点和运动膳食有关,但是鲜有研究证明女性生殖特点及运动膳食是否对绝经后女性维生素D有影响。目的:探讨北京市绝经后女性维生素D水平与女性生殖特点和运动膳食情况的关系及其影响因素。方法:选取2017年9月至2018年5月北京市多个城区的17个社区现场问卷调查的727例46-75岁绝经后女性作为研究对象,问卷内容包括受试者的基本信息和月经史、绝经史、妊娠史、运动膳食情况等。采用电化学发光免疫分析仪及其配套试剂测定25-(OH)D水平;使用双能X射线骨密度检测仪测定腰椎(L1-L4、整体)和双髋关节(股骨颈、整体)的骨密度和T值;观察维生素D与生殖特点和运动膳食的相关性,并进行维生素D的影响因素分析。结果与结论:①维生素D正常组136例(18.7%),维生素D不足组389例(53.5%),维生素D缺乏组202例(27.8%);平均维生素D水平为(15.60±5.85)ng/mL。②随着维生素D水平的升高,不同部位的骨密度值及T值也随之升高。③维生素D水平与初潮年龄、月经持续天数、绝经阶段、运动情况、饮食类型、饮食偏好均呈正相关(P<0.05);与月经周期、绝经年龄、生育次数均呈负相关(P<0.05);与初孕年龄、怀孕次数无相关性(P>0.05)。④多因素有序Logistic回归分析结果显示,喝奶制品频率对绝经后女性维生素D值存在正向相关(P<0.05),且奶制品是维生素D水平的保护因素。⑤调查结果说明,北京市绝经后女性维生素D水平普遍不足、骨密度值普遍低下,维生素D水平与部分生殖特点、运动膳食情况存在关联,且其中喝奶制品是其保护因素。因此可以通过开展相关骨质疏松的健康教育,对绝经后女性膳食情况进行调整加以干预,增加体内维生素D含量,以期增加骨密度值,减少绝经后骨质疏松患病率。

Microplastic exposure disturbs sleep structure,reduces lifespan,and decreases ovary size in Drosophila melanogaster

The organ-specific toxicity resulting from microplastic(MP)exposure has been extensively explored,particularly concerning the gut,liver,testis,and lung.However,under natural conditions,these effects are not restricted to specific organs or tissues.Investigating whether MP exposure presents a systemic threat to an entire organism,impacting factors such as lifespan,sleep,and fecundity,is essential.In this study,we investigated the effects of dietary exposure to two different doses of MPs(1–5μm)using the terrestrial model organism Drosophila melanogaster.Results indicated that the particles caused gut damage and remained within the digestive system.Continuous MP exposure significantly shortened the lifespan of adult flies.Even short-term exposure disrupted sleep patterns,increasing the length of daytime sleep episodes.Additionally,one week of MP exposure reduced ovary size,with a trend towards decreased egg-laying in mated females.Although MPs did not penetrate the brain or ovaries,transcriptome analysis revealed altered gene expression in these tissues.In the ovary,Gene Ontology(GO)analysis indicated genotoxic effects impacting inflammation,circadian regulation,and metabolic processes,with significant impacts on extracellular structure-related pathways.In the brain,GO analysis identified changes in pathways associated with proteolysis and carbohydrate metabolism.Overall,this study provides compelling evidence of the systemic negative effects of MP exposure,highlighting the urgent need to address and mitigate environmental MP pollution.

Naringin ameliorates H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative damage in cells and prolongs the lifespan of female Drosophila melanogaster via the insulin signaling pathway

Naringin exists in a wide range of Chinese herbal medicine and has proven to possess several pharmacological properties.In this study,PC12,HepG2 cells,and female Drosophila melanogaster were used to investigate the antioxidative and anti-aging effects of naringin and explore the underlying mechanisms.The results showed that naringin inhibited H_(2)O_(2)-induced decline in cell viability and decreased,the content of reactive oxygen species in cells.Meanwhile,naringin prolonged the lifespan of flies,enhanced the abilities of climbing and the resistance to stress,improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes,and decreased malondialdehyde content.Naringin also improved intestinal barrier dysfunction and reduced abnormal proliferation of intestinal stem cells.Moreover,naringin down-regulated the mRNA expressions of inr,chico,pi 3k,and akt-1,and up-regulated the mRNA expressions of dilp2,dilp3,dilp5,and foxo,thereby activating autophagy-related genes and increasing the number of lysosomes.Furthermore,the mutant stocks assays and computer molecular simulation results further indicated that naringin delayed aging by inhibiting the insulin signaling(IIS)pathway and activating the autophagy pathway,which was consistent with the result of network pharmacological predictions.

Effects of Sodium Cyclohexyl Sulfamate on Growth and Development of Drosophila melanogaster

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate on the growth and development of Drosophila melanogaster.[Methods]Different concentrations of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate were added to the culture medium,and the effects of different concentrations of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate on the development time and weight of D.melanogaster in various life stages were statistically analyzed.[Results]High concentration of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate delayed the time of pupation and eclosion of D.melanogaster,which made D.melanogaster lose weight.The number of male D.melanogaster in the first generation was much larger than that of female individuals,which indicated that the effect of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate on male D.melanogaster was greater than that of female individuals.In a word,high concentration of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate significantly inhibited the growth and development of D.melanogaster.[Conclusions]This study provides some reference data for the research perspective of food additives and the safe use of sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate.

激光技术在食品3D打印中的应用及发展趋势

随着食品3D打印技术的快速发展,各种辅助技术与其结合的创新应用越来越受关注。激光技术具有精确、高能量和快速实现材料成型等特点,与食品3D打印技术的个性化定制优势高度契合,两者的结合在食品加工领域展现出巨大的应用前景。本文在介绍食品3D打印技术和激光技术发展现状的基础上,着重阐述激光技术在食品3D打印中的应用,包括激光参数(如波长、功率、脉冲等)和工艺优势。同时,指出激光技术在食品3D打印应用中所面临的挑战,如激光照射下的食品安全、应用局限等问题。最后,对激光技术和食品3D打印技术深度融合的发展趋势进行总结与展望,指明未来发展方向,为激光技术在食品3D打印领域的创新应用提供理论参考。

3D打印技术在创伤性骨折中的应用

背景:3D打印技术可根据患者实际病情和治疗需求设计构建模型、手术导板和个性化植入体或固定物,在创伤性骨折修复中展示了巨大的应用前景。目的:综述3D打印技术在创伤性骨折中的应用。方法:检索Web of science、PubMed和中国知网数据库2020-2024年发表的创伤骨科领域3D打印技术应用的相关文献,英文检索词为“traumatic fracture,3D printing technology,digital model,surgical guide”,中文检索词为“创伤性骨折,3D打印技术,数字模型,手术导板”,经筛选和分析,最终纳入60篇文献进行分析。结果与结论:①创伤性骨折是各种致伤因素导致的骨骼连续性中断和完整性破坏的骨折现象,以可靠方案提高复位愈合效果,已成为骨外科相关研究领域亟需解决的热点问题;②3D打印技术是以数字模型数据为基础的,运用粉末状金属或聚合物等可黏合成型材料以立体光刻、沉积建模和光聚合物喷射等形式制造满足需求三维实体的技术,在数字骨科生物医学领域应用广泛;③3D打印技术在疾病诊断、术前规划、重建骨折三维模型、定制骨科植入体、定制固定支具及假肢、手术导板制作和骨缺损修复等方面发挥了显著的优势,可根据患者实际病情和治疗需求设计构建模型、手术导板和个性化植入体或固定物,为创伤性骨折的治疗提供了新的思路。

Gyroid结构钛仿生骨支架修复下颌骨节段性缺损的生物力学性能

背景:三周期最小表面的多孔结构是最有前景的骨科生物结构之一,其中的Gyroid结构具有高比表面积、高渗透率、均曲率为零等特点。目的:通过有限元分析结合力学压缩实验测试,筛选出与下颌骨松质骨弹性模量范围相匹配的4 mm单胞Gyroid结构TC4仿生骨支架壁厚区间。方法:建立不同壁厚(0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8 mm)4 mm单胞Gyroid结构有限元模型,分析Gyroid结构的等效弹性模量,筛选出与下颌骨松质骨弹性模量范围相匹配的Gyroid结构壁厚区间,壁厚分别为0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7 mm。根据有限元分析筛选结果,以Ti6Al4V为原料,采用选择性激光熔融技术制备不同壁厚的3D打印Gyroid结构试件,进行大颗粒喷砂酸蚀处理,通过力学压缩实验测试试件的弹性模量与抗压强度。结果与结论:(1)有限元分析结果显示,随着壁厚的增加,Gyroid结构的等效弹性模量升高,其中壁厚为0.2-0.7 mm Gyroid结构的等效弹性模量在下颌骨松质骨弹性模量范围内(1.5-4.0 GPa),用于3D打印Gyroid结构试件;(2)力学压缩实验结果显示,随着壁厚的增加,Gyroid结构试件的弹性模量与抗压强度均升高,其中0.3-0.5 mm壁厚Gyroid结构试件的弹性模量在下颌骨松质骨弹性模量范围内,0.3-0.7 mm壁厚Gyroid结构试件的抗压强度符合下颌骨的力学性能;(3)结果显示0.3-0.5 mm壁厚Gyroid结构与下颌骨的弹性模量范围相适应。

亲水性Gyroid结构种植体的制备及力学性能分析

背景:传统实心钛合金种植体的弹性模量高于人骨,由此引起的“应力屏蔽”现象可能会影响种植体的骨结合,同时3D打印钛合金表面的亲水性有待提高。目的:制备生物力学性能优良的亲水性Gyroid结构种植体。方法:建立Gyroid结构种植体、实心结构种植体、下颌骨骨块和牙冠的3D模型,对不同结构种植体的力学性能进行有限元分析。将Gyroid结构种植体模型导入3D打印机,使Gyroid结构种植体实体化,然后对种植体表面依次进行喷砂酸蚀和紫外光功能化处理,制备具有优良力学性能和表面活性的亲水性Gyroid结构种植体。通过扫描电镜和接触角测试分析3D打印Ti6Al4V试件表面改性处理前后的形貌与亲水性。结果与结论:①有限元分析结果显示,在垂直向平均咬合力作用下,Gyroid结构可以将作用于种植体上的载荷均匀分散到整个结构中,实心结构种植体上的载荷只能分散在其外表面并集中于颈部;Gyroid结构种植体受到的最大等效应力为200.67 MPa,不超过Ti6Al4V材料屈服强度的50%;Gyroid结构种植体对周围骨组织的最大等效应力为24.27 MPa,略高于实心结构种植体的最大等效应力17.32 MPa,并且在20-60 MPa区间内,Gyroid结构种植体对新骨形成的刺激效果优于实心结构种植体。②3D打印技术可以将Gyroid结构种植体模型实体化,扫描电镜下可见3D打印Ti6Al4V试件表面有许多未熔融的球形金属颗粒,经喷砂酸蚀后表面形成微米级网状孔洞结构,已不见凸出的金属颗粒,紫外光功能化处理+喷砂酸蚀处理的试件表面形貌与喷砂酸蚀组基本一致;接触角测试结果显示,紫外光功能化处理+喷砂酸蚀处理后的试件表面亲水性优于喷砂酸蚀处理组与无表面处理组。③喷砂酸蚀处理可以去除3D打印试件上弱连接的金属颗粒,提高实体模型与设计模型的相似性,在此基础上进行紫外光功能化处理可以显著提高3D打印Gyroid结构种植体的亲水性且不影响其结构。

Exploiting fly models to investigate rare human neurological disorders

Rare neurological diseases,while individually are rare,collectively impact millions globally,leading to diverse and often severe neurological symptoms.Often attributed to genetic mutations that disrupt protein function or structure,understanding their genetic basis is crucial for accurate diagnosis and targeted therapies.To investigate the underlying pathogenesis of these conditions,researchers often use non-mammalian model organisms,such as Drosophila(fruit flies),which is valued for their genetic manipulability,cost-efficiency,and preservation of genes and biological functions across evolutionary time.Genetic tools available in Drosophila,including CRISPR-Cas9,offer a means to manipulate gene expression,allowing for a deep exploration of the genetic underpinnings of rare neurological diseases.Drosophila boasts a versatile genetic toolkit,rapid generation turnover,and ease of large-scale experimentation,making it an invaluable resource for identifying potential drug candidates.Researchers can expose flies carrying disease-associated mutations to various compounds,rapidly pinpointing promising therapeutic agents for further investigation in mammalian models and,ultimately,clinical trials.In this comprehensive review,we explore rare neurological diseases where fly research has significantly contributed to our understanding of their genetic basis,pathophysiology,and potential therapeutic implications.We discuss rare diseases associated with both neuron-expressed and glial-expressed genes.Specific cases include mutations in CDK19 resulting in epilepsy and developmental delay,mutations in TIAM1 leading to a neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and language delay,and mutations in IRF2BPL causing seizures,a neurodevelopmental disorder with regression,loss of speech,and abnormal movements.And we explore mutations in EMC1 related to cerebellar atrophy,visual impairment,psychomotor retardation,and gain-of-function mutations in ACOX1 causing Mitchell syndrome.Loss-of-function mutations in ACOX1 result in ACOX1 deficiency,characterized by very-long-chain fatty acid accumulation and glial degeneration.Notably,this review highlights how modeling these diseases in Drosophila has provided valuable insights into their pathophysiology,offering a platform for the rapid identification of potential therapeutic interventions.Rare neurological diseases involve a wide range of expression systems,and sometimes common phenotypes can be found among different genes that cause abnormalities in neurons or glia.Furthermore,mutations within the same gene may result in varying functional outcomes,such as complete loss of function,partial loss of function,or gain-of-function mutations.The phenotypes observed in patients can differ significantly,underscoring the complexity of these conditions.In conclusion,Drosophila represents an indispensable and cost-effective tool for investigating rare neurological diseases.By facilitating the modeling of these conditions,Drosophila contributes to a deeper understanding of their genetic basis,pathophysiology,and potential therapies.This approach accelerates the discovery of promising drug candidates,ultimately benefiting patients affected by these complex and understudied diseases.

食品4D打印技术在食品工业中的应用进展

4D打印技术作为在3D打印的基础上增加了“时间”这个维度的新兴打印技术,不仅可以在三维空间内构建复杂结构,还能通过材料的预设形变来实现打印物体的自我组装和形态变化。4D打印技术作为新一代的增材制造技术,因演变过程完全可预测、可设计和可控制的特点,其潜力和影响力正在不断扩大。近年来,4D打印技术在现代食品加工领域也得到了广泛的研究和应用,通过4D打印实现食品结构、营养成分、口感等特性的精准控制。本文综述了食品4D打印技术原理、要素及优势,分析了食品4D打印在现代食品加工领域中的应用进展,包括4D打印材料特性、外界刺激等方面,并重点探讨了4D打印智能食品的微观结构控制与口感之间的关系,最后展望了食品4D打印技术发展趋势和挑战,旨在为现代食品加工领域提供参考借鉴。

3D打印个体化截骨导板结合定制钢板在开放楔形胫骨高位截骨中的应用

背景:3D打印个体化截骨导板辅助开放楔形胫骨高位截骨治疗膝骨关节炎具有手术时间短、透视次数少、矫正精准度高等优点。但之前报道的截骨导板对周围软组织破坏严重、锁定钢板位置不当等问题依旧明显。目的:探究3D打印个体化截骨导板结合定制钢板辅助开放楔形胫骨高位截骨治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法:收集20例确诊为膝骨关节炎的患者,按手术方法分为3D组和常规组,每组10例。3D组采用3D打印个体化截骨导板结合定制钢板辅助开放楔形胫骨高位截骨手术,常规组进行常规开放楔形胫骨高位截骨手术。分析比较两组患者手术时间、透视次数、切口长度,术前和术后髋膝踝角、胫骨近端内侧角、胫骨后倾角以及计划矫正角度与实际矫正角度的差值,术前和术后1,3,6个月膝关节活动度及Lysholm评分,另外记录并发症发生情况。结果与结论:①3D组患者的手术时间、透视次数少于常规组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.001);②两组患者的术后髋膝踝角、胫骨近端内侧角均较术前增大,差异有显著性意义(P<0.001),而胫骨后倾角无明显改变;3D组术后髋膝踝角、胫骨近端内侧角及胫骨后倾角与术前计划值分别相差(-0.22±0.72)°、(-0.20±0.73)°和(0.23±0.37)°,但差异均无显著性意义;3D组计划矫正度数与实际矫正度数的差值较常规组小,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);③两组患者术后膝关节活动度及Lysholm评分均逐步升高(P<0.001);3D组术后1,3个月的膝关节活动度及术后1个月的Lysholm评分优于常规组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);两组患者术后3个月的Lysholm评分、术后6个月的膝关节活动度及Lysholm评分差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);④两组患者均无并发症发生;⑤上述结果说明3D打印个体化截骨导板结合定制钢板辅助和常规方法均有良好的临床疗效,但前者的手术时间更短,透视次数更少,术后膝关节功能恢复更快;并且3D打印个体化截骨导板可精准实现术前规划。

3D打印个性化正畸装置对单根牙垂直移动的三维有限元分析

背景:基于牙齿垂直移动原理,通过数字化设计结合3D打印制作个性化正畸装置,可使个性化正畸装置与单个切牙形成支抗系统。借助微种植体绝对支抗作用可对单根牙在三维方向上进行精准控制。目的:基于生物力学原理设计了牙位11、12、21、22压低移动与伸长移动的个性化正畸装置,通过三维有限元法分析个性化正畸装置的安全性与其对牙齿的移动作用。方法:应用Mimics、Geomagic Wrap、SolidWorks和Ansys Workbench软件分别建立了上颌前牙区(牙位11、12、21、22)牙槽骨-牙周膜-上颌切牙-个性化悬臂微种植体-连接板-个性化托槽的三维有限元模型,每个牙位分别设置个性化压低移动与伸长移动正畸装置,加载300 g拉力或推力,分析个性化正畸装置各部件应力水平,计算牙齿位移与牙周膜应力分布情况。结果与结论:①个性化压低移动正畸装置受到的最大等效应力为162.90 MPa,个性化伸长移动正畸装置受到的最大等效应力239.57 MPa,二者的最大等效应力均位于个性化托槽加力附件的垂直部分,个性化正畸装置各部件所受等效应力均在屈服强度内,均具有良好的安全性;②在个性化正畸装置作用下,牙齿初始位移呈现整体压低或伸长移动的趋势,垂直方向上的位移远远超过在水平方向和矢状方向上的位移;牙周膜根尖或颈部位置出现等效应力峰值,在根尖区牙周膜出现等效应力集中区域;③结果显示,个性化正畸装置可以使牙位11、12、21、22近似达到压低移动或伸长移动的目的,初步证实了个性化垂直移动正畸装置的有效性。

基于维生素D轴探讨补肾论治胃癌的潜在靶点

维生素D是人体内一种重要的维生素,可通过进食或照射阳光获得。《黄帝内经》云:“肾者,胃之关也”,阐明了胃与肾在生理、病理上存在联系,因此可通过有效调节肾的功能来治疗胃癌(GC)。由于维生素缺乏可对GC造成影响,故可通过补充维生素有效改善GC患者的生活质量。作者前期查阅国内外文献及研究发现,维生素D轴与GC有着密切的联系。据此推测,中医药运用补肾法治疗GC,可能是通过作用于维生素D轴以调节GC细胞生长、侵袭、转移和凋亡,从而发挥防治作用,故维生素D轴可能是中医补肾论治GC的关键靶点。

Clinical effects of phospholipase D2 in attenuating acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND The objective of the current study was to elucidate the clinical mechanism through which phospholipase D2(PLD2)exerted a regulatory effect on neutrophil migra-tion,thereby alleviating the progression of acute pancreatitis.AIM To elucidate the clinical mechanism through which PLD2 exerted a regulatory effect on neutrophil migration,thereby alleviating the progression of acute pan-creatitis.METHODS The study involved 90 patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis,admitted to our hospital between March 2020 and November 2022.A retrospective analysis was conducted,categorizing patients based on Ranson score severity into mild(n=25),moderate(n=30),and severe(n=35)groups.Relevant data was collected for each group.Western blot analysis assessed PLD2 protein expression in patient serum.Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of chemokine receptors associated with neutrophil migration.Serum levels of inflammatory factors in patients were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Transwell migration tests were conducted to compare migration of neutrophils across groups and analyze the influence of PLD2 on neutrophil migration.RESULTS Overall data analysis did not find significant differences between patient groups(P>0.05).The expression of PLD2 protein in the severe group was lower than that in the moderate and mild groups(P<0.05).The expression level of PLD2 in the moderate group was also lower than that in the mild group(P<0.05).The severity of acute pancreatitis is negatively correlated with PLD2 expression(r=-0.75,P=0.002).The mRNA levels of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 1,C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2,C-C chemokine receptor type 2,and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 in the severe group are significantly higher than those in the moderate and mild groups(P<0.05),and the expression levels in the moderate group are also higher than those in the mild group(P<0.05).The levels of C-reactive protein,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6 in the severe group were higher than those in the moderate and mild groups(P<0.05),and the levels in the moderate group were also higher than those in the mild group(P<0.05).The number of migrating neutrophils in the severe group was higher than that in the moderate and mild groups(P<0.05),and the moderate group was also higher than the mild group(P<0.05).In addition,the number of migrating neutrophils in the mild group combined with PLD2 inhibitor was higher than that in the mild group(P<0.05),and the number of migrating neutrophils in the moderate group combined with PLD2 inhibitor was higher than that in the moderate group(P<0.05).The number of migrating neutrophils in the severe group+PLD2 inhibitor group was significantly higher than that in the severe group(P<0.05),indicating that PLD2 inhibitors significantly stimulated neutrophil migration.CONCLUSION PLD2 exerted a crucial regulatory role in the pathological progression of acute pancreatitis.Its protein expression varied among patients based on the severity of the disease,and a negative correlation existed between PLD2 expression and disease severity.Additionally,PLD2 appeared to impede acute pancreatitis progression by limiting neutrophil migration.

3D Printing of Tough Hydrogel Scaffolds with Functional Surface Structures for Tissue Regeneration

Hydrogel scaffolds have numerous potential applications in the tissue engineering field.However,tough hydrogel scaffolds implanted in vivo are seldom reported because it is difficult to balance biocompatibility and high mechanical properties.Inspired by Chinese ramen,we propose a universal fabricating method(printing-P,training-T,cross-linking-C,PTC&PCT)for tough hydrogel scaffolds to fill this gap.First,3D printing fabricates a hydrogel scaffold with desired structures(P).Then,the scaffold could have extraordinarily high mechanical properties and functional surface structure by cycle mechanical training with salting-out assistance(T).Finally,the training results are fixed by photo-cross-linking processing(C).The tough gelatin hydrogel scaffolds exhibit excellent tensile strength of 6.66 MPa(622-fold untreated)and have excellent biocompatibility.Furthermore,this scaffold possesses functional surface structures from nanometer to micron to millimeter,which can efficiently induce directional cell growth.Interestingly,this strategy can produce bionic human tissue with mechanical properties of 10 kPa-10 MPa by changing the type of salt,and many hydrogels,such as gelatin and silk,could be improved with PTC or PCT strategies.Animal experiments show that this scaffold can effectively promote the new generation of muscle fibers,blood vessels,and nerves within 4 weeks,prompting the rapid regeneration of large-volume muscle loss injuries.

Transforming Education with Photogrammetry:Creating Realistic 3D Objects for Augmented Reality Applications

Augmented reality(AR)is an emerging dynamic technology that effectively supports education across different levels.The increased use of mobile devices has an even greater impact.As the demand for AR applications in education continues to increase,educators actively seek innovative and immersive methods to engage students in learning.However,exploring these possibilities also entails identifying and overcoming existing barriers to optimal educational integration.Concurrently,this surge in demand has prompted the identification of specific barriers,one of which is three-dimensional(3D)modeling.Creating 3D objects for augmented reality education applications can be challenging and time-consuming for the educators.To address this,we have developed a pipeline that creates realistic 3D objects from the two-dimensional(2D)photograph.Applications for augmented and virtual reality can then utilize these created 3D objects.We evaluated the proposed pipeline based on the usability of the 3D object and performance metrics.Quantitatively,with 117 respondents,the co-creation team was surveyed with openended questions to evaluate the precision of the 3D object created by the proposed photogrammetry pipeline.We analyzed the survey data using descriptive-analytical methods and found that the proposed pipeline produces 3D models that are positively accurate when compared to real-world objects,with an average mean score above 8.This study adds new knowledge in creating 3D objects for augmented reality applications by using the photogrammetry technique;finally,it discusses potential problems and future research directions for 3D objects in the education sector.

The compound(E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one alleviates neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Previous studies have shown that the compound(E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one(D30),a pyromeconic acid derivative,possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,inhibits amyloid-β aggregation,and alleviates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment,similar to the phase Ⅲ clinical drug resveratrol.In this study,we established a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via intracerebroventricular injection of fibrillar amyloid-β to investigate the effect of D30 on fibrillar amyloid-β-induced neuropathology.Our results showed that D30 alleviated fibrillar amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairment,promoted fibrillar amyloid-β clearance from the hippocampus and cortex,suppressed oxidative stress,and inhibited activation of microglia and astrocytes.D30 also reversed the fibrillar amyloid-β-induced loss of dendritic spines and synaptic protein expression.Notably,we demonstrated that exogenous fibrillar amyloid-βintroduced by intracerebroventricular injection greatly increased galectin-3 expression levels in the brain,and this increase was blocked by D30.Considering the role of D30 in clearing amyloid-β,inhibiting neuroinflammation,protecting synapses,and improving cognition,this study highlights the potential of galectin-3 as a promising treatment target for patients with Alzheimer's disease.

毛蕊花糖苷抑制Erastin诱导的多巴胺能神经细胞系MN9D细胞铁死亡

背景:近年越来越多的研究证实多巴胺能神经元细胞铁死亡参与了帕金森病的发病,毛蕊花糖苷目前被证实具有抗氧化、抗炎和神经保护作用。目的:探讨毛蕊花糖苷对Erastin诱导的MN9D细胞铁死亡的保护效果及作用机制。方法:以MN9D细胞为研究对象,分为对照组、模型组(20μmol/L Erastin组)、Erastin+1μg/mL毛蕊花糖苷组、Erastin+5μg/mL毛蕊花糖苷组、Erastin+10μg/mL毛蕊花糖苷组。MN9D细胞在CO_(2)恒温培养箱中培养24 h,然后用不同质量浓度毛蕊花糖苷预处理8 h,再加入20μmol/L Erastin诱导24 h后,采用ELISA法检测还原型谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶、总铁离子、丙二醛水平,免疫组织化学法检测酪氨酸羟化酶的表达,Western blot法检测酪氨酸羟化酶、核因子红细胞-2相关因子2、血红素加氧酶1、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4蛋白表达。结果与结论:(1)与对照组相比,模型组还原型谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶水平明显减少(P<0.05),丙二醛和总铁离子水平明显增加(P<0.05);与模型组相比,毛蕊花糖苷1,5,10μg/mL组还原型谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶水平明显增加(P<0.05),丙二醛和总铁离子水平明减少(P<0.05);(2)与对照组相比,模型组酪氨酸羟化酶阳性细胞面积明显减少(P<0.05);与模型组相比,毛蕊花糖苷1,5,10μg/mL组酪氨酸羟化酶阳性细胞面积明显增加(P<0.05);(3)与对照组相比,模型组酪氨酸羟化酶、核因子红细胞-2相关因子2、血红素加氧酶1、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4的蛋白表达明显减少(P<0.05);与模型组相比,毛蕊花糖苷1,5,10μg/mL组酪氨酸羟化酶、核因子红细胞-2相关因子2、血红素加氧酶1、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4的蛋白表达明显增加(P<0.05)。结果提示:毛蕊花糖苷对Erastin诱导的MN9D细胞铁死亡具有明显的抑制作用,其机制可能通过作用于核因子红细胞-2相关因子2/血红素加氧酶1/谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4通路实现的。

生物3D打印仿生支架促进肩袖损伤后的愈合

背景:大多数肩袖损伤发生于冈上肌腱,由于肌腱组织缺少血管以及肩袖复杂的解剖结构,临床治疗效果非常有限。组织工程技术和干细胞生物学的快速发展为提高肌腱修复质量带来了新的希望。目的:通过生物3D打印技术制备人脐带间充质干细胞/甲基丙烯酸酐化明胶复合支架,观察该支架修复肩袖损伤的效果。方法:(1)体外细胞实验:制备明胶微载体,将人脐带间充质干细胞接种于明胶微载体表面构建组织工程化干细胞。制备甲基丙烯酸酐化明胶水凝胶打印墨水,使用甲基丙烯酸酐化明胶水凝胶打印墨水重悬组织工程化干细胞,放入3D打印机的生物墨水容器中进行打印,蓝光照射固化5 min后即得人脐带间充质干细胞/甲基丙烯酸酐化明胶复合支架。通过死活染色、CCK-8实验检测支架内人脐带间充质干细胞的活性。(2)动物体内实验:采用随机区组设计方法将24只SD大鼠随机4组,每组6只:正常组不进行任何处理,肩袖损伤组、单纯支架组、细胞支架组建立冈上肌腱撕裂的肩袖损伤模型,单纯支架组、细胞支架组造模后分别将甲基丙烯酸酐化明胶支架、人脐带间充质干细胞/甲基丙烯酸酐化明胶复合支架植入肌腱损伤处。术后4周,分别进行大鼠行为学测试及肩袖冈上肌腱组织学病理组织形态观察。结果与结论:(1)体外细胞实验:死活染色结果显示,明胶微载体可减轻3D打印过程对人脐带间充质干细胞造成的损伤,随着培养时间的延长,支架内的人脐带间充质干细胞存活率升高;CCK-8实验结果显示,随着培养时间的延长,支架内的人脐带间充质干细胞活性无明显变化。(2)动物体内实验:行为学测试结果显示,相较于肩袖损伤组、单纯支架组,细胞支架组大鼠四肢运动功能明显改善;肩袖冈上肌腱苏木精-伊红与Masson染色结果显示,相较于肩袖损伤组、单纯支架组,细胞支架组肌纤维排列较规律,无明显的炎性细胞浸润,胶原容积百分比降低;免疫荧光染色结果显示,相较于肩袖损伤组、单纯支架组,细胞支架组肩袖冈上肌腱内白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α蛋白表达明显降低。(3)结果表明,生物3D打印的人脐带间充质干细胞/甲基丙烯酸酐化明胶复合支架可促进肩袖损伤组织修复再生。