Objective The study investigated the burden of smear-positive pulmonary TB and itsinfectivity using DALY(disability-adjusted life year) as an indicator. Methods An assumedcohort of 2 000 cases was set up based ...Objective The study investigated the burden of smear-positive pulmonary TB and itsinfectivity using DALY(disability-adjusted life year) as an indicator. Methods An assumedcohort of 2 000 cases was set up based on the age-specific incidence of 794 newly registeredsmear-positive cases in Beijing in 1994. Prognostic trees and model diagrams of infectivityunder natural history and DOTS(directly observed treatment, short-course) strategy wereestablished according to the epidemiological evidence. Results The results showed that 29. 6%of DALYs would be neglected if the burden caused by the infectivity was not considered.Conclusion DOTS strategy may reduce 97.3% of the number of potential cases infected,92.9% of DALYs related to TB-patients themselves, and 99.9% of DALYs caused by TB’sinfectivity as well.展开更多
Objective To define TB control priorities using cost-effectiveness and burden of disease.Methods An assumed cohort of 2 000 cases was set up based on age-specific incidence of 794 newly registered smear-positive cas...Objective To define TB control priorities using cost-effectiveness and burden of disease.Methods An assumed cohort of 2 000 cases was set up based on age-specific incidence of 794 newly registered smear-positive cases in Beijing in1994.Prognostic trees and model diagrams of infectivity with natural history and DOTS intervention were constructed based on the epidemiological parameters.Results DOTS reduced 89.19% of YLL,78.90% of YLD,and 99.98% of infectivity BOD.One DALY could be saved with 45.70% Yuan by DOTS with 3% discount.Sensitivity analysis showed that discount had effect on CER.Weight of age was insensitive to CER.The higher the DOTS coured rate,the more the cost-effectiveness.Conclusions DOTS is a good cost-effectiveness TB control strategy.Cost-effectiveness and burden of disease can be used to define TB control priorities.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> In Greece, the provision of mental health services is limited to people residing in rural and remote areas. The operation of Mobile Mental Health Units (MMHUs) has been introdu...<strong>Background:</strong> In Greece, the provision of mental health services is limited to people residing in rural and remote areas. The operation of Mobile Mental Health Units (MMHUs) has been introduced in the Cyclades islands. It is an innovative policy intervention that has been shown to be effective and efficient internationally. <strong>Objective:</strong> The aim was to evaluate the operation of MMHUs in the Cyclades islands based on real-world evidence (RWE), from a societal perspective. <strong>Methods: </strong>A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed where outcomes and costs were elaborated and classified based on two comparators, 1) with MMHUs’ operation and 2) without MMHUs’ operation. Clinical primary outcomes were based on RWE data and were elaborated for the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) values calculation, for a 12 months’ time horizon. Data descriptive statistics were performed with SPSS Statistics 22.0. Direct medical, non-medical and indirect costs were incorporated. Unit costs and monetary values were extracted from published data. Sensitivity analysis was undertaken to test the robustness of the results. <strong>Results:</strong> The operation of MMHUs in the Cyclades islands led to an incremental cost of €12,250.78 per DALY averted. A substantial higher increase is observed in the direct non-medical costs of the non-MMHUs’ operation where patients had to pay approximately €2,602 per capita annually for their transportation and accommodation due to hospitalization and outpatient care. Informal care expenses are 3 fold increasing in the non-MMHUs’ operation arm. Both direct non-medical and informal care costs correspond to high out of pocket payments totally covered by the patients. The sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the decision does not change when we varied the unit costs by ±10%. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The operation of MMHUs appears to be a cost-effective option for treating patients with mental disorders in remote areas and islands in Greece. MMHUs appear to overcome the existing NHS structural inefficiencies by minimizing public expenditures and patients’ income losses by preventing and improving their mental health status.展开更多
目的了解2019年中国乙型肝炎的疾病负担情况并对2020—2030年乙型肝炎的疾病负担发展趋势进行预测。方法在2019全球疾病负担研究数据库(Global Burden of Disease 2019,GBD 2019)中下载中国乙型肝炎数据。利用患病率、发病率、死亡率、...目的了解2019年中国乙型肝炎的疾病负担情况并对2020—2030年乙型肝炎的疾病负担发展趋势进行预测。方法在2019全球疾病负担研究数据库(Global Burden of Disease 2019,GBD 2019)中下载中国乙型肝炎数据。利用患病率、发病率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY)、早死损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLL)、伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability,YLD)及年龄标化率等指标描述2019年中国乙型肝炎的疾病负担情况,利用估计年百分比变化(estimated annual percentage change,EAPC)描述中国乙型肝炎疾病负担1990—2019年的变化趋势。采用R4.2.1构建贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型对2020—2030年中国乙型肝炎总体发病、死亡、DALY和YLD情况进行预测。结果1990—2019年中国乙型肝炎的总体疾病负担呈下降趋势,中国乙型肝炎的总体标化患病率为6566.1/10万、标化发病率为1397.3/10万、标化死亡率为8.1/10万、标化DALY率为247.7/10万、标化YLL率为241.5/10万、标化YLD率为6.2/10万,与1990年相比分别下降2.34%、2.35%、4.92%、5.15%、5.20%、2.71%。女性居民的疾病负担指标均低于同时期的男性居民。乙型肝炎的患病率在20~24岁最高,发病率在25~29岁最高,死亡率随着年龄增长而升高。根据贝叶斯模型预测,2020—2030年中国乙型肝炎发病人数约为1486.56万人,死亡人数约为11.18万人,DALY约为634.9万人年,YLD约为12.1万人年。结论尽管在1990—2019年之间中国乙型肝炎疾病负担呈下降趋势,但在2030年消除乙型肝炎病毒这一公共威胁的目标仍然面临挑战。因此,有必要扩大诊断覆盖范围、减轻患者经济负担,进一步推进健康中国建设。展开更多
目的了解新疆生产建设兵团(简称兵团)肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤死亡情况及疾病负担,为肿瘤防治提供依据。方法收集2010年兵团肿瘤登记地区(第七师、第八师)恶性肿瘤发病资料和死亡资料,利用死亡率(mortality)、潜在减寿年(potential years o...目的了解新疆生产建设兵团(简称兵团)肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤死亡情况及疾病负担,为肿瘤防治提供依据。方法收集2010年兵团肿瘤登记地区(第七师、第八师)恶性肿瘤发病资料和死亡资料,利用死亡率(mortality)、潜在减寿年(potential years of life lost,PYLL)、伤残调整生命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)包括早死所致的健康寿命损失年(years of life lost,YLL)和残疾所致的健康寿命损失年(years lived with disability,Y L D)评价恶性肿瘤疾病负担。结果2010年肿瘤登记地区全部恶性肿瘤死亡率为113.36/10万,中标率、世标率分别为58.50/10万、79.05/10万。男性死亡率139.08/10万高于女性死亡率87.13/10万。全部肿瘤PYLL为11 603.5人年,PYLL率为10.05‰,高于兵团2008—2012年死因分析恶性肿瘤平均水平。全部肿瘤DALYs率为13.14/千人、YLDs和YLLs分别为0.83/千人和12.31/千人;男性YLLs为13.50/千人高于女性YLLs 10.88/千人。PYLL率与DALYs率随年龄增加而上升,其中PYLL和PYLL率在40岁之后达到高峰,DALYs率从40岁年龄组开始明显升高,在60~69岁年龄组达到最高,且从65岁开始男性高于女性。2010年女性DALYs/千人高于全国水平。结论兵团肿瘤登记地区肿瘤疾病负担较重,男性高于女性,中老年人肿瘤疾病负担最高,应加强肿瘤的早诊早治项目,减轻居民肿瘤疾病负担。展开更多
目的分析我国脑卒中疾病负担与危险因素的现状及趋势。方法采用2013年全球疾病负担研究(GBD 2013)数据,利用伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life years,DALY)反映我国不同年份、年龄、性别脑卒中疾病负担及危险因素,利用地理信息系...目的分析我国脑卒中疾病负担与危险因素的现状及趋势。方法采用2013年全球疾病负担研究(GBD 2013)数据,利用伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life years,DALY)反映我国不同年份、年龄、性别脑卒中疾病负担及危险因素,利用地理信息系统(GIS)制作统计地图反映不同省份的分布情况。结果随着时间推移,我国脑卒中DALY率仍有上升,主要集中于老年人群,男性DALY率远高于女性,西藏、贵州等地高于浙江、上海等东南沿海地区;高血压、水果摄入不足、高盐饮食,吸烟以及室外PM_(2.5)是前五位脑卒中危险因素。结论我国脑卒中疾病负担及危险因素在年龄、性别、地域等方面存在明显差异,急需采取针对性的预防与控制措施,减小脑卒中对个人、家庭和社会造成的负担。展开更多
目的·分析重庆市糖尿病的患病率、死亡率及伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY),为开展糖尿病防治提供依据。方法·收集并整理中国死因登记报告信息系统中记录的2018年重庆市糖尿病死亡个案资料;根据《中国居...目的·分析重庆市糖尿病的患病率、死亡率及伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY),为开展糖尿病防治提供依据。方法·收集并整理中国死因登记报告信息系统中记录的2018年重庆市糖尿病死亡个案资料;根据《中国居民慢性病与营养监测工作方案(试行)》,获取2018年重庆市糖尿病患病率资料。采用SPSS 25.0软件计算重庆市糖尿病死亡率、标化死亡率、患病率、标化患病率、早死所致寿命损失年(years of life lost,YLL)率、伤残所致寿命损失年(years lived with disability,YLD)率、DALY率等指标。结果·2018年重庆市糖尿病死亡率与标化死亡率分别为16.20/10万、8.82/10万,女性的糖尿病死亡率高于男性(χ^2=3.99,P=0.045)。2018年重庆市15岁及以上居民的糖尿病患病率为17.90%,标化患病率为9.25%,男性的糖尿病患病率高于女性(χ^2=18.12,P=0.000)。2018年重庆市糖尿病YLL率、YLD率和DALY率分别为2.99‰、7.44‰与10.43‰,YLL率与YLD率占DALY率的比例分别为28.67%与71.33%。结论·重庆市糖尿病疾病负担较重,死亡率与患病率均较高,YLD率占DALY率超过70%。展开更多
目的了解辽宁省城乡居民糖尿病及其并发症的疾病负担水平和特征。方法依据辽宁省糖尿病患病和死亡资料,采用全球疾病负担研究方法,计算辽宁省城乡居民糖尿病的伤残调整生命年(DisabilityAdjusted Life Years,DALY)。结果辽宁省糖尿病疾...目的了解辽宁省城乡居民糖尿病及其并发症的疾病负担水平和特征。方法依据辽宁省糖尿病患病和死亡资料,采用全球疾病负担研究方法,计算辽宁省城乡居民糖尿病的伤残调整生命年(DisabilityAdjusted Life Years,DALY)。结果辽宁省糖尿病疾病负担(DALY)每10万人损失健康寿命299.4人.a,女性高于男性(351.1/10万:252.3/10万),城市高于农村(474.1/10万:215.8/10万),农村YLD/YLL比值(0.47)明显低于城市(0.96)。结论辽宁省糖尿病DALY是GBD2000对中国糖尿病及其并发症疾病负担估计值的2.0倍,城市居民糖尿病DALY已接近发达国家水平。展开更多
文摘Objective The study investigated the burden of smear-positive pulmonary TB and itsinfectivity using DALY(disability-adjusted life year) as an indicator. Methods An assumedcohort of 2 000 cases was set up based on the age-specific incidence of 794 newly registeredsmear-positive cases in Beijing in 1994. Prognostic trees and model diagrams of infectivityunder natural history and DOTS(directly observed treatment, short-course) strategy wereestablished according to the epidemiological evidence. Results The results showed that 29. 6%of DALYs would be neglected if the burden caused by the infectivity was not considered.Conclusion DOTS strategy may reduce 97.3% of the number of potential cases infected,92.9% of DALYs related to TB-patients themselves, and 99.9% of DALYs caused by TB’sinfectivity as well.
文摘Objective To define TB control priorities using cost-effectiveness and burden of disease.Methods An assumed cohort of 2 000 cases was set up based on age-specific incidence of 794 newly registered smear-positive cases in Beijing in1994.Prognostic trees and model diagrams of infectivity with natural history and DOTS intervention were constructed based on the epidemiological parameters.Results DOTS reduced 89.19% of YLL,78.90% of YLD,and 99.98% of infectivity BOD.One DALY could be saved with 45.70% Yuan by DOTS with 3% discount.Sensitivity analysis showed that discount had effect on CER.Weight of age was insensitive to CER.The higher the DOTS coured rate,the more the cost-effectiveness.Conclusions DOTS is a good cost-effectiveness TB control strategy.Cost-effectiveness and burden of disease can be used to define TB control priorities.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> In Greece, the provision of mental health services is limited to people residing in rural and remote areas. The operation of Mobile Mental Health Units (MMHUs) has been introduced in the Cyclades islands. It is an innovative policy intervention that has been shown to be effective and efficient internationally. <strong>Objective:</strong> The aim was to evaluate the operation of MMHUs in the Cyclades islands based on real-world evidence (RWE), from a societal perspective. <strong>Methods: </strong>A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed where outcomes and costs were elaborated and classified based on two comparators, 1) with MMHUs’ operation and 2) without MMHUs’ operation. Clinical primary outcomes were based on RWE data and were elaborated for the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) values calculation, for a 12 months’ time horizon. Data descriptive statistics were performed with SPSS Statistics 22.0. Direct medical, non-medical and indirect costs were incorporated. Unit costs and monetary values were extracted from published data. Sensitivity analysis was undertaken to test the robustness of the results. <strong>Results:</strong> The operation of MMHUs in the Cyclades islands led to an incremental cost of €12,250.78 per DALY averted. A substantial higher increase is observed in the direct non-medical costs of the non-MMHUs’ operation where patients had to pay approximately €2,602 per capita annually for their transportation and accommodation due to hospitalization and outpatient care. Informal care expenses are 3 fold increasing in the non-MMHUs’ operation arm. Both direct non-medical and informal care costs correspond to high out of pocket payments totally covered by the patients. The sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the decision does not change when we varied the unit costs by ±10%. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The operation of MMHUs appears to be a cost-effective option for treating patients with mental disorders in remote areas and islands in Greece. MMHUs appear to overcome the existing NHS structural inefficiencies by minimizing public expenditures and patients’ income losses by preventing and improving their mental health status.
文摘目的了解2019年中国乙型肝炎的疾病负担情况并对2020—2030年乙型肝炎的疾病负担发展趋势进行预测。方法在2019全球疾病负担研究数据库(Global Burden of Disease 2019,GBD 2019)中下载中国乙型肝炎数据。利用患病率、发病率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY)、早死损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLL)、伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability,YLD)及年龄标化率等指标描述2019年中国乙型肝炎的疾病负担情况,利用估计年百分比变化(estimated annual percentage change,EAPC)描述中国乙型肝炎疾病负担1990—2019年的变化趋势。采用R4.2.1构建贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型对2020—2030年中国乙型肝炎总体发病、死亡、DALY和YLD情况进行预测。结果1990—2019年中国乙型肝炎的总体疾病负担呈下降趋势,中国乙型肝炎的总体标化患病率为6566.1/10万、标化发病率为1397.3/10万、标化死亡率为8.1/10万、标化DALY率为247.7/10万、标化YLL率为241.5/10万、标化YLD率为6.2/10万,与1990年相比分别下降2.34%、2.35%、4.92%、5.15%、5.20%、2.71%。女性居民的疾病负担指标均低于同时期的男性居民。乙型肝炎的患病率在20~24岁最高,发病率在25~29岁最高,死亡率随着年龄增长而升高。根据贝叶斯模型预测,2020—2030年中国乙型肝炎发病人数约为1486.56万人,死亡人数约为11.18万人,DALY约为634.9万人年,YLD约为12.1万人年。结论尽管在1990—2019年之间中国乙型肝炎疾病负担呈下降趋势,但在2030年消除乙型肝炎病毒这一公共威胁的目标仍然面临挑战。因此,有必要扩大诊断覆盖范围、减轻患者经济负担,进一步推进健康中国建设。
文摘目的了解新疆生产建设兵团(简称兵团)肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤死亡情况及疾病负担,为肿瘤防治提供依据。方法收集2010年兵团肿瘤登记地区(第七师、第八师)恶性肿瘤发病资料和死亡资料,利用死亡率(mortality)、潜在减寿年(potential years of life lost,PYLL)、伤残调整生命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)包括早死所致的健康寿命损失年(years of life lost,YLL)和残疾所致的健康寿命损失年(years lived with disability,Y L D)评价恶性肿瘤疾病负担。结果2010年肿瘤登记地区全部恶性肿瘤死亡率为113.36/10万,中标率、世标率分别为58.50/10万、79.05/10万。男性死亡率139.08/10万高于女性死亡率87.13/10万。全部肿瘤PYLL为11 603.5人年,PYLL率为10.05‰,高于兵团2008—2012年死因分析恶性肿瘤平均水平。全部肿瘤DALYs率为13.14/千人、YLDs和YLLs分别为0.83/千人和12.31/千人;男性YLLs为13.50/千人高于女性YLLs 10.88/千人。PYLL率与DALYs率随年龄增加而上升,其中PYLL和PYLL率在40岁之后达到高峰,DALYs率从40岁年龄组开始明显升高,在60~69岁年龄组达到最高,且从65岁开始男性高于女性。2010年女性DALYs/千人高于全国水平。结论兵团肿瘤登记地区肿瘤疾病负担较重,男性高于女性,中老年人肿瘤疾病负担最高,应加强肿瘤的早诊早治项目,减轻居民肿瘤疾病负担。
文摘目的分析我国脑卒中疾病负担与危险因素的现状及趋势。方法采用2013年全球疾病负担研究(GBD 2013)数据,利用伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life years,DALY)反映我国不同年份、年龄、性别脑卒中疾病负担及危险因素,利用地理信息系统(GIS)制作统计地图反映不同省份的分布情况。结果随着时间推移,我国脑卒中DALY率仍有上升,主要集中于老年人群,男性DALY率远高于女性,西藏、贵州等地高于浙江、上海等东南沿海地区;高血压、水果摄入不足、高盐饮食,吸烟以及室外PM_(2.5)是前五位脑卒中危险因素。结论我国脑卒中疾病负担及危险因素在年龄、性别、地域等方面存在明显差异,急需采取针对性的预防与控制措施,减小脑卒中对个人、家庭和社会造成的负担。
文摘目的·分析重庆市糖尿病的患病率、死亡率及伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY),为开展糖尿病防治提供依据。方法·收集并整理中国死因登记报告信息系统中记录的2018年重庆市糖尿病死亡个案资料;根据《中国居民慢性病与营养监测工作方案(试行)》,获取2018年重庆市糖尿病患病率资料。采用SPSS 25.0软件计算重庆市糖尿病死亡率、标化死亡率、患病率、标化患病率、早死所致寿命损失年(years of life lost,YLL)率、伤残所致寿命损失年(years lived with disability,YLD)率、DALY率等指标。结果·2018年重庆市糖尿病死亡率与标化死亡率分别为16.20/10万、8.82/10万,女性的糖尿病死亡率高于男性(χ^2=3.99,P=0.045)。2018年重庆市15岁及以上居民的糖尿病患病率为17.90%,标化患病率为9.25%,男性的糖尿病患病率高于女性(χ^2=18.12,P=0.000)。2018年重庆市糖尿病YLL率、YLD率和DALY率分别为2.99‰、7.44‰与10.43‰,YLL率与YLD率占DALY率的比例分别为28.67%与71.33%。结论·重庆市糖尿病疾病负担较重,死亡率与患病率均较高,YLD率占DALY率超过70%。
文摘目的了解辽宁省城乡居民糖尿病及其并发症的疾病负担水平和特征。方法依据辽宁省糖尿病患病和死亡资料,采用全球疾病负担研究方法,计算辽宁省城乡居民糖尿病的伤残调整生命年(DisabilityAdjusted Life Years,DALY)。结果辽宁省糖尿病疾病负担(DALY)每10万人损失健康寿命299.4人.a,女性高于男性(351.1/10万:252.3/10万),城市高于农村(474.1/10万:215.8/10万),农村YLD/YLL比值(0.47)明显低于城市(0.96)。结论辽宁省糖尿病DALY是GBD2000对中国糖尿病及其并发症疾病负担估计值的2.0倍,城市居民糖尿病DALY已接近发达国家水平。
