Long Noncoding RNA UCA1 Overexpression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Digestive System Malignancies: A Meta-analysis

Long noncoding RNA(IncRNA)urothelial carcinoma associated 1(UCA1)has been reported to be highly expressed in many kinds of cancers.This meta-analysis summarized its potential prognostic value in digestive system malignancies.A meta-analysis was performed through a comprehensive search in PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)for suitable articles on the prognostic impact of UCA1 in digestive system malignancies from inception to June 27,2019.Pooled hazard ratios(HRs)with 95% confidence interval(95%CI)were calculated to summarize the effect.Sixteen studies were included in the study,with a total of 1504 patients.A significant association was observed between UCA1 abundance and poor overall survival(OS),and shorter disease-free survival(DFS)for patients with digestive system malignancies,with pooled HR of 2.07(95%CI:1.74-2.47),and of 2.50(95%CI:1.62-3.86).Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis suggested the reliability of our findings.It is suggested that UCA1 abundance may serve as a reliable predictive factor for poor prognosis in patients with digestive system malignancies.

E2F transcription factors and digestive system malignancies: How much do we know?

E2F family of transcription factors regulates various cellular functions related to cell cycle and apoptosis. Its individual members have traditionally been classified into activators and repressors, based on in vitro studies. However their contribution in human cancer is more complicated and difficult to predict. We review current knowledge on the expression of E2Fs in digestive system malignancies and its clinical implications for patient prognosis and treatment. E2F1, the most extensively studied member and the only one with prognostic value, exhibits a tumor-suppressing activity in esophageal, gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma, and in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), whereas in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma may function as a tumorpromoter. In the latter malignancies, E2F1 immunohistochemical expression has been correlated with higher tumor grade and worse patient survival, whereas in esophageal, gastric and colorectal adenocarcinomas is a marker of increased patient survival. E2F2 has only been studied in colorectal cancer, where its role is not considered significant. E2F4's role in colorectal, gastric and hepatic carcinogenesis is tumor-promoting. E2F8 is strongly upregulated in human HCC, thus possibly contributing to hepatocarcinogenesis. Adenoviral transfer of E2F as gene therapy to sensitize pancreatic cancer cells for chemotherapeutic agents has been used in experimental studies. Other therapeutic strategies are yet to be developed, but it appears that targeted approaches using E2F-agonists or antagonists should take into account the tissue-dependent function of each E2F member. Further understanding of E2Fs' contribution in cellular functions in vivo would help clarify their role in carcinogenesis.

TNF-a-308 polymorphism and risk of digestive system cancers:A meta-analysis

AIM:To evaluate the association between the tumour necrosis factor alpha-308(TNF-a-308)gene polymorphism and the risk of digestive system cancers.METHODS:All eligible case-control studies published up to December 2012 were identified by searching PubMed,Web of Science,Embase and China National Knowledge Internet without language restrictions.The risk of digestive system cancers associated with the TNF-a-308 polymorphism was estimated for each study using odds ratio(OR)together with its 95%CI,respectively.Cochrane Collaboration RevMan 5.1 was used to perform the analysis.Aχ2-test-based Q statistic test and an I2test were performed to assess the betweenstudy heterogeneity.When the Q test was significant(P<0.05)or I2>50%,the random effects model was used,otherwise the fixed effects model was used.RESULTS:Fifty-eight studies from fifty-five publications with a total of 9986 cancer patients and 15511 healthy controls were included.Overall,a significant association was found between the TNF-a-308 polymorphism and the risk of digestive system cancers[dominant model:OR=1.23,95%CI:1.09-1.39,(G/A)vs(G/G):OR=1.15,95%CI:1.02-1.28,(A/A)vs(G/G):OR=1.44,95%CI:1.19-1.73,recessive model:OR=1.38,95%CI:1.15-1.66].Furthermore,when the analysis was stratified by ethnicity,similar results were observed in both the Asian and Caucasian populations,except for the dominant model and heterozygote comparisons in the Asian population[dominant model:OR=1.24,95%CI:0.99-1.56,(G/A)vs(G/G):OR=1.09,95%CI:0.96-1.24].When the cancer type subgroups were examined,similar results were detected in gastric and hepatocellular carcinomas;however,no significant association was observed among other digestive system cancers.CONCLUSION:The TNF-a-308 gene polymorphism may be significantly associated with the risk of gastric and hepatocellular carcinomas,but not colorectal,pancreatic,or oesophageal cancer,in the Asian population.

HER2 aberrations and heterogeneity in cancers of the digestive system: Implications for pathologists and gastroenterologists

Management of cancers of the digestive system has progressed rapidly into the molecular era. Despite the significant recent achievements in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, the number of deaths for these tumors has currently plateaued. Many investigations have assessed the role of HER2 in tumors of the digestive system in both prognostic and therapeutic settings, with heterogeneous results. Novel testing and treatment guidelines are emerging, in particular in gastric and colorectal cancers. However, further advances are needed. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-ofknowledge of HER2 alterations in the most common tumors of the digestive system and discuss the operational implications of HER2 testing.

Insights into the history and tendency of glycosylation and digestive system tumor:A bibliometric-based visual analysis

BACKGROUND Glycosylation,a commonly occurring post-translational modification,is highly expressed in several tumors,specifically in those of the digestive system,and plays a role in various cellular pathophysiological mechanisms.Although the importance and detection methods of glycosylation in digestive system tumors have garnered increasing attention in recent years,bibliometric analysis of this field remains scarce.The present study aims to identify the developmental trends and research hotspots of glycosylation in digestive system tumors.AIM To find and identify the developmental trends and research hotspots of glycosylation in digestive system tumors.METHODS We obtained relevant literature from the Web of Science Core Collection and employed VOSviewer 1.6.19 and CiteSpace(version 6.1.R6)to perform bibliometric analysis.RESULTS A total of 2042 documents spanning from 1978 to the present were analyzed,with the research process divided into three phases:the period of obscurity(1978-1990),continuous development period(1991-2006),and the rapid outbreak period(2007-2023).These documents were authored by researchers from 66 countries or regions,with the United States and China leading in terms of publication output.Reis Celso A had the highest number of publications,while Pinho SS was the most cited author.Co-occurrence analysis revealed the most popular keywords in this field are glycosylation,expression,cancer,colorectal cancer,and pancreatic cancer.Furthermore,the Journal of Proteome Research was the most prolific journal in terms of publications,while the Journal of Biological Chemistry had the most citations.CONCLUSION The bibliometric analysis shows current research focus is primarily on basic research in this field.However,future research should aim to utilize glycosylation as a target for treating tumor patients.

Immunomodulatory and chemopreventive effects of resveratrol on the digestive system cancers

Resveratrol(RSV),the primary polyphenol found in grapes,has been revealed to have anti-inflammatory properties by reducing the capacity of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines,including IL-1β,IL-6,IL-1ra and TNFα.Considering the close association between chronic inflammation and cancer development,RSV’s immunomodulatory properties are one way by which the polyphenol may inhibit cancer initiation,proliferation,neovascularization,and migration.Resveratrol influences the generation of microtumor environment which is one of the key factors in cancer progress.In addition to immunomodulation,RSV inhibits cancer development by expressing anti-oxidant effects,causing cell cycle arrest,stimulating the function of certain enzymes,and activating cell signaling pathways.The end outcome is one of the various forms of cell death,including apoptosis,pyroptosis,necroptosis,and more,as it has been observed in vitro.RSV has been shown to act against cancer in practically every organ,while its effects on colon cancer have been documented more frequently.It is remarkable that longer-term clinical studies that may have established the potential for this natural substance to serve as a therapeutic adjuvant to traditional anti-cancer medications were not prompted by the encouraging outcomes seen with cancer cells treated with non-toxic doses of resveratrol.The current review aims to assess the recent findings about the immunological and anti-cancer characteristics of RSV,with a particular emphasis on cancers of the digestive tract,as a challenge for future clinical research that may contribute to the better prognosis of cancer.

E2F transcription factors and digestive system malignancies:How much do we know?

The E2F proteins comprise a family of 8 members that function as transcription factors. They are key targets of the retinoblastoma protein (RB) and were initially divided into groups of activators and repressors. Accumulating data suggest that there is no specific role for each individual E2F member. Instead, each E2F can exert a variety of cellular effects, some of which represent opposing ones. For instance, specific E2Fs can activate transcription and repression, promote or hamper cell proliferation, augment or inhibit apoptosis, all being dependent on the cellular context. This complexity reflects the importance that these transcription factors have on a cell&#x02019;s fate. Thus, delineating the specific role for each E2F member in specific malignancies, although not easy, is a challenging and continuously pursued task, especially in view of potential E2F targeted therapies. Therefore, several reviews are continuously trying to evaluate available data on E2F status in various malignancies. Such reviews have attempted to reach a consensus, often in the simplistic form of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes for the E2Fs. However they frequently miss spatial and temporal alterations of these factors during tumor development, which should also be considered in conjunction with the status of the regulatory networks that these factors participate in. In the current &#x02018;&#x02018;Letter to the Editor&#x02019;&#x02019;, we comment on the flaws, misinterpretations and omissions in one such review article published recently in the World Journal of Gastroenterology regarding the role of E2Fs in digestive system malignancies.

Treatment of malignant digestive tract obstruction by combined intraluminal stent installation and intra-arterial drug infusion

AIM: To study the palliative treatment of malignant obstruction of digestive tract with placement of intraluminal stent combined with intra-arterial infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs. METHODS: A total of 281 cases of digestive tract malignant obstruction were given per oral (esophagus, stomach, duodenum and jejunum), per anal (colon and rectum) and percutaneous transhepatic (biliary) installation of metallic stent. Among them, 203 cases received drug infusion by cannulation of tumor supplying artery with Seldinger's technique. RESULTS: Altogether 350 stents were installed in 281 cases, obstructive symptoms were relieved or ameliorated after installation. Occurrence of restenotic obstruction was 8-43 weeks among those with intra-arterial drug infusion, which was later than 4-26 weeks in the group with only stent installation. The average survival time of the former group was 43 (3-105) weeks, which was significantly longer than 13 (3-24) weeks of the latter group. CONCLUSION: Intraluminal placement of stent combined with intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy is one of the effective palliative therapies for malignant obstruction of the digestive tract with symptomatic as well as etiological treatment.

Effects of Dietary Soy Protein Concentrate on Growth, Digestive Enzymes Activities and Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway Regulation in Juvenile Soft-Shelled Turtle, <i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i>

Soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis is important aquatic species in China, and searching for alternatives protein resources to fish meal (FM)-based feeds in feed has become urgent and important for its sustainability development. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary soy protein concentrate (SPC) on growth, digestive enzymes and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway of juvenile P. sinensis (4.56 ± 0.09 g). SPC was applied to replace FM protein at 0%, 15%, 30% and 60% (designated as T0, T15, T30 and T60, respectively), and each diet was fed to triplicate groups. The results showed that there was no significant difference in growth performance and feed utilization except of the turtles fed with T60 diet, of which showed poorer daily weight gain and feed conversion rate. The pepsin/trypsin and Na+-K+ ATP-ase activities decreased dramatically when SPC level increased, and lipase activities in liver and intestinal tract also showed decline tendency. However, amylase activities were unaffected. No significant differences were observed in TOR, S6K1 and 4E-BP1 genes mRNA expression level of TOR signaling pathway among the treatments. However, the relative phosphorylated level of these proteins decreased significantly when SPC level increased. The present study indicated that high SPC substitution level would suppress digestive enzymes and TOR signaling pathway proteins phosphorylated level and eventually result in growth reduction of P. sinensis.

Role of microRNA-7 in digestive system malignancy

There are several malignancies of the digestive system(including gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers, and hepatocellular carcinoma), which are the most common types of cancer and a major cause of death worldwide. MicroRNA(miR)-7 is abundant in the pancreas, playing an important role in pancreatic development and endocrine function. Expression of miR-7 is downregulated in digestive system malignancies compared with normal tissue. Although there are contrasting results for miR-7 expression, almost all research reveals that miR-7 is a tumor suppressor, by targeting various genes in specific pathways. Moreover, miR-7 can target different genes simultaneously in different malignancies of the digestive system. By acting on many cytokines, miR-7 is also involved in many gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases as a significant carcinogenic factor. Consequently, miR-7 might be a biomarker or therapeutic target gene in digestive system malignancies.

黑曲霉益生菌对断奶仔猪生长及日粮养分消化的影响

选取28和35日龄健康杜长大断奶仔猪,研究日粮添加黑曲霉出发菌或变异菌对仔猪生长及日粮养分消化的影响。结果表明,黑曲霉变异菌株(ANO2)可提高仔猪的日增重和采食量(P<0.05),降低其料肉比(P<0.05);黑曲霉出发菌和变异菌均可以显著提高饲料中干物质和粗纤维的消化率(P<0.05),但对粗蛋白质、无氮浸出物和粗脂肪的消化率无显著影响;黑曲霉还可提高断奶仔猪肠道内纤维酶活性(P<0.05)。变异菌株的促生长效应要明显好于出发菌;变异菌可以显著提高仔猪肠道内总蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),但出发菌对仔猪的日增重、采食量和肠道总蛋白酶活性没有显著影响。这表明,利用N+离子注入诱变选育益生菌是可行的,其实际饲喂效果也是比较理想的。

Intricate roles of estrogen and estrogen receptors in digestive system cancers:a systematic review

Gender disparities are evident across different types of digestive system cancers,which are typically characterized by a lower incidence and mortality rate in females compared to males.This finding suggests a potential protective role of female steroid hormones,particularly estrogen,in the development of these cancers.Estrogen is a well-known sex hormone that not only regulates the reproductive system but also exerts diverse effects on non-reproductive organs mediated through interactions with estrogen receptors(ERs),including the classic(ERαand ERβ)and non-traditional ERs[G protein-coupled estrogen receptor(GPER)].Recent advances have contributed to our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying ERs in digestive system cancers.In this comprehensive review we summarize the current understanding of the intricate roles played by estrogen and ERs in the major types of digestive system cancers,including hepatocellular,pancreatic,esophageal,gastric,and colorectal carcinoma.Furthermore,we discuss the potential molecular mechanisms underlying ERα,ERβ,and GPER effects,and propose perspectives on innovative therapies and preventive measures targeting the pathways regulated by estrogen and ERs.The roles of estrogen and ERs in digestive system cancers are complicated and depend on the cell type and tissue involved.Additionally,deciphering the intricate roles of estrogen,ERs,and the associated signaling pathways may guide the discovery of novel and tailored therapeutic and preventive strategies for digestive system cancers,eventually improving the care and clinical outcomes for the substantial number of individuals worldwide affected by these malignancies.

A Comprehensive Study of the Association between LEPR Gene rs1137101 Variant and Risk of Digestive System Cancers

Objective The leptin receptor,encoded by the LEPR gene,is involved in tumorigenesis.A potential functional variant of LEPR,rs1137101(Gln223Arg),has been extensively investigated for its contribution to the risk of digestive system(DS)cancers,but results remain conflicting rather than conclusive.Here,we performed a case–control study and subsequent meta-analysis to examine the association between rs1137101 and DS cancer risk.Methods A total of 1,727 patients with cancer(gastric/liver/colorectal:460/480/787)and 800 healthy controls were recruited.Genotyping of rs1137101 was conducted using a polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)assay and confirmed using Sanger sequencing.Twenty-four eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis.Results After Bonferroni correction,the case–control study revealed that rs1137101 was significantly associated with the risk of liver cancer in the Hubei Chinese population.The meta-analysis suggested that rs1137101 is significantly associated with the risk of overall DS,gastric,and liver cancer in the Chinese population.Conclusion The LEPR rs1137101 variant may be a genetic biomarker for susceptibility to DS cancers(especially liver and gastric cancer)in the Chinese population.

Blastomas of the digestive system in adults:A review

Blastomas,characterized by a mixture of mesenchymal,epithelial,and undifferentiated blastematous components,are rare malignant neoplasms originating from precursor blast cells.This review focuses on digestive system blastomas in adult patients,including gastroblastoma,hepatoblastoma,and pancreatoblastoma.Gastroblastoma is a biphasic,epitheliomesenchymal tumor,with only sixteen cases reported to date.In addition to the characteristic histology,metastasisassociated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1-glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 gene fusion is typical,although recently novel ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1-c-terminal binding protein 1 and patched 1-glioma-associated oncogene homolog 2 fusions have been described.Hepatoblastoma is exceptionally rare in adults and can show a variety of histologic patterns which may cause diagnostic difficulty.Pancreatoblastoma,primarily a pediatric tumor,displays acinar differentiation and squamoid nests with other lines of differentiation also present,especially neuroendocrine.Diagnostic approaches for these blastomas include a combination of imaging modalities,histopathological examination,and molecular profiling.The treatment generally involves surgical resection,which may be supplemented by chemotherapy or radiotherapy in some cases.Prognoses vary with gastroblastoma generally showing favorable outcomes post-surgery whereas hepatoblastoma and pancreatoblastoma often have poorer outcomes,particularly in the setting of metastases.This review highlights the complexity of diagnosing and managing these rare adult blastomas as well as the need for ongoing research to better understand their pathogenesis and improve treatment strategies.

Immunohistochemical identification of dynorphin A and Kappa opioid receptor-1 in the digestive system of scallop Chlamys farreri

Little is known about the roles of dynorphin and Kappa opioid receptor(KOR) in mollusks. In this study, we aim to determine the distribution of dynorphin A and KOR-1 in the digestive system of the scallop Chlamys farreri. Using immunohistochemical staining, we confirmed the expression of dynorphin A and KOR-1 in the digestive system of C. farreri. Dynorphin A immunopositive cells were identified in intestine and hepatopancreas. In intestine, small and spherical dynorphin A immunopositive cells(4–9 μm in diameter) were scattered among the long columnar epithelial cells(ECs). In hepatopancreas, cells containing masses(5–14 μm in diameter) of dynorphin A immunopositive products were observed in epithelium of acinis. These immunopositive cells may be synthetic and/or secretory cells of dynorphin A. Dynorphin A immunoreactive products were commonly observed in epithelium and connective tissue(CT) of labial palps, mouth labia and stomach, which presented in forms of grains, fibers or flakes. KOR-1 immunoreactive material was observed in ECs and CTs of labial palps, mouth labia and stomach, intestine and hepatopancreas. The distribution of both dynorphin A and KOR-1 in the digestive organs suggests an involvement of dynorphin via KOR-1 in the functional regulation of the digestive system of C. farreri.

高压密封湿法消解-冷原子荧光法测定照相明胶中的微量汞

本文采用聚四氟乙烯高压密封消化罐消 化明胶样品,将消化好的样品转移到10mL容 量瓶中,用去离子水定容10mL,摇匀。进样 1.0mL于冷原子荧光测定仪的反应瓶中,加 0.2mL 10％SnCl2,照相明胶溶液中的微量汞波 SnCl2还原成汞蒸汽,汞蒸气被氩气带入荧光 室,产生荧光。此法测定步骤消解时间短,无 汞的挥发损失,干扰少,检出限低(100ppt),回 收率高(98.8％-100.5％),重复性好,相对标 准偏差为1.2％。

Clinical efficacy of Qingxin Fupi Jieyu formula in the treatment of 28 cases with digestive tract cancer-related cognitive impairment

Objective:This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of Qingxin Fupi Jieyu formula(the herbal formula has the function of clear away the heart fire,tonify spleen,and relieve depression,QXFPJYF)in treating digestive tract cancer-related cognitive impairment(CRCI).Methods:28 subjects with digestive tract CRCI were treated with QXFPJYF for 6 weeks.The scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination were observed at four-time points(baseline,week 2,week 4,week 6).Besides,anxiety and depression scores and tumor markers were measured.Results:The scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment and various fields were elevated steadily after treatment,such as visuospatial/executive,attention,language,delayed recall,and orientation.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05)besides language score.The scores of Mini-Mental State Examination and various factors were elevated gradually at week 2,week 4 and week 6,including language and praxis,attention and calculation,recall and orientation,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05)except for recall score.The results also showed the change of tumor markers were not obvious,but anxious and depressed emotions were improved.More importantly,no subjects developed with obvious adverse reactions during the study.Conclusion:The finding indicated that QXFPJYF treated digestive tract CRCI with great efficacy and safety,which improved cognitive function from several fields.Nevertheless,the current study was limited by sample and medical ethics,and which was a self-control trial,some limitations needed to be acknowledged,further high-quality research is required to explore and verify it.

Roles of Na^+/Ca^(2+) exchanger 1 in digestive system physiology and pathophysiology

The Na^+/Ca^(2+) exchanger(NCX) protein family is a part of the cation/Ca^(2+) exchanger superfamily and participates in the regulation of cellular Ca^(2+) homeostasis. NCX1, the most important subtype in the NCX family, is expressed widely in various organs and tissues in mammals and plays an especially important role in the physiological and pathological processes of nerves and the cardiovascular system. In the past few years, the function of NCX1 in the digestive system has received increasing attention; NCX1 not only participates in the healing process of gastric ulcer and gastric mucosal injury but also mediates the development of digestive cancer, acute pancreatitis, and intestinal absorption.This review aims to explore the roles of NCX1 in digestive system physiology and pathophysiology in order to guide clinical treatments.

低能量日粮中添加非淀粉多糖酶对仔猪生长性能的影响

以杜×长×大杂交仔猪120头为研究对象,随机分成对照组Ⅰ(饲喂基础日粮)、对照组Ⅱ(基础日粮中减少292kJ/kg消化能)和试验组(基础日粮中减少292kJ/kg消化能,添加500g/t罗酶宝)3个处理组,研究低能量的玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加非淀粉多糖酶(木聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶)对仔猪生长性能和消化性能的影响。结果表明:与对照组Ⅱ相比,试验组仔猪的日增重提高6.53%(P<0.05),饲料转化率提高7.25%(P<0.05),粗蛋白质的表观消化率提高5.76%(P<0.05);与对照组Ⅰ相比,试验组仔猪在日增重、饲料转化率、营养物质表观消化率方面有一定的提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05),说明在日粮中添加500g/t罗酶宝与增加292kJ/kg消化能的效果相当。

Management of acquired bronchobiliary fistula:A systematic literature review of 68 cases published in 30 years

AIM:To outline the appropriate diagnostic methods and therapeutic options for acquired bronchobiliary fistula(BBF).METHODS:Literature searches were performed in Medline,EMBASE,PHMC and LWW(January 1980August 2010)using the following keywords:biliobronchial fistula,bronchobiliary fistula,bronchobiliary fistula,biliarybronchial fistula,tracheobiliary fistula,hepatobronchial fistula,bronchopleural fistula,and biliptysis.Further articles were identified through crossreferencing.RESULTS:Sixtyeight cases were collected and reviewed.BBF secondary to tumors(32.3%,22/68),including primary tumors(19.1%,13/68)and hepatic metastases(13.2%,9/68),shared the largest proportion of all cases.Biliptysis was found in all patients,and other symptoms were respiratory symptoms,such as irritating cough,fever(36/68)and jaundice(20/68).Half of the patients were treated by lessinvasive methods such as endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage.Invasive approaches like surgery were used less frequently(41.7%,28/67).The outcome was good at the end of the followup period in 28 cases(range,2 wk to 72 mo),and the recovery rate was 87.7%(57/65).CONCLUSION:The clinical diagnosis of BBF can be established by sputum analysis.Careful assessment of this condition is needed before therapeutic procedure.Invasive approaches should be considered only when noninvasive methods failed.