WPT-Based Modal Control on Distributed Structures with MRF-04K Damper

The magnetorheological （MR） fluid damper-based semiactive control systems have received considerable attention for protecting structures against natural hazards such as strong earthquakes and high winds. In this paper, a novel modal controller using wavelet packet transform （WPT） is proposed for the vibration control of distributed structures. In the proposed control system, the WPT method is utilized to decompose the acceleration measurement and select the modes containing most of the WPT energy component as the dominant modes. Then, a modal controller is designed to control the dominant modes and the optimal active control force is solved. Finally, Clipped-optimal con- trol law is adopted to determine the voltage applied to each MR damper. A Kalman-filter observer, which estimates the full controlled modal states from local accelerometer feedbacks, is designed for rendering the controller to be more applicable to distributed structures with a large number of degrees of freedom. A numerical example of a stadium root structure installed with MRF-04K damper is presented. The effectiveness of the controller is evaluated under both Tianjin and E1 Centro earthquake excitations. The superior performance and adaptability of the controller for versatile loading conditions are demonstrated through the comparison with traditional truncated modal controller.

Design and implementation of dual-mode configurable memory architecture for CNN accelerator

With the rapid development of deep learning algorithms,the computational complexity and functional diversity are increasing rapidly.However,the gap between high computational density and insufficient memory bandwidth under the traditional von Neumann architecture is getting worse.Analyzing the algorithmic characteristics of convolutional neural network(CNN),it is found that the access characteristics of convolution(CONV)and fully connected(FC)operations are very different.Based on this feature,a dual-mode reronfigurable distributed memory architecture for CNN accelerator is designed.It can be configured in Bank mode or first input first output(FIFO)mode to accommodate the access needs of different operations.At the same time,a programmable memory control unit is designed,which can effectively control the dual-mode configurable distributed memory architecture by using customized special accessing instructions and reduce the data accessing delay.The proposed architecture is verified and tested by parallel implementation of some CNN algorithms.The experimental results show that the peak bandwidth can reach 13.44 GB·s^(-1)at an operating frequency of 120 MHz.This work can achieve 1.40,1.12,2.80 and 4.70 times the peak bandwidth compared with the existing work.

Complex Seismic Focus Structure and Earthquake-Triggered Landslide Distribution:Analysis of the 2014 Ludian M_w6.1 Earthquake in Yunnan

Objective The 2014 Ludian Mw6.1 earthquake in Yunnan occurred in a mountainous area with complex tectonics and topography, which caused serious damage as well as co-seismic landslides of an unusual large scale. Because the suspected seismogenic faults on the surface, distribution of aftershocks and focal mechanism solutions are not consistent, it remains difficult to determine what is the real causal fault or seismogenic structure for this event. Actually, it may imply the complicity of the seismic source at depth. In addition, the distribution of the co- seismic landslides also exhibits some diffusion that is different from general eases, likely associated with the seismic focus structure.

Structure and regeneration status of woody species in the Munessa Forest,Southern Ethiopia

This study evaluates the structure and regeneration status of woody species in the Munessa Forest,a dry Afromontane forest in southern Ethiopia.Vegetation data were collected using a systematic sampling method.Density and distribution of seedlings,saplings and mature trees were assessed along an altitudinal gradient using quadrats of different sizes.The number of individuals,frequencies,heights and DBH of species>1 m and DBH>2.5 cm were recorded in altitudinal bands of 100 m.Analysis of the vegetation structure shows that the density of woody species decreases as DBH and height class increases.Basal area of stems with DBH>2.5 cm was 53.4 m^(2)ha^(−1).Population structure and regeneration patterns indicate a significant degradation of the forest due to anthropogenic disturbances.Regeneration was better for less valuable woody species than for species with economic and ecological value.This suggests a discontinuous recruitment of these species due to selective cutting of middle and higher diameter classes.Therefore,enrichment planting of high value,endangered species is necessary to maintain them as part of this forest.There is a need to develop and implement an effective forest management plan for sustainable use of these forest resources.

Effect of structural characteristics distribution on strength demand and ductility reduction factor of MDOF systems considering soil-structure interaction

It is known that structural stiffness and strength distributions have an important role in the seismic response of buildings. The effect of using different code-specified lateral load patterns on the seismic performance of fixed-base buildings has been investigated by researchers during the past two decades. However, no investigation has yet been carried out for the case of soil-structure systems. In the present study, through intensive parametric analyses of 21,600 linear and nonlinear MDOF systems and considering five different shear strength and stiffness distribution patterns, including three code-specified patterns as well as uniform and concentric patterns subjected to a group of earthquakes recorded on alluvium and soft soils, the effect of structural characteristics distribution on the strength demand and ductility reduction factor of MDOF fixed-base and soil-structure systems are parametrically investigated. The results of this study show that depending on the level of inelasticity, soil flexibility and number of degrees-of-freedoms (DOFs), structural characteristics distribution can significantly affect the strength demand and ductility reduction factor of MDOF systems. It is also found that at high levels of inelasticity, the ductility reduction factor of low-rise MDOF soil-structure systems could be significantly less than that of fixed-base structures and the reduction is less pronounced as the number of stories increases.

Wind tunnel simulation of wind loading on a solid structure of revolution

The wind tunnel simulations of wind loading on a solid structure of revolution with one smooth and five rough surfaces were conducted using wind tunnel tests. Timemean and fluctuating pressure distributions on the surface were obtained, and the relationships between the roughness Reynolds number and pressure distributions were analyzed and discussed. The results show that increasing the surface roughness can significantly affect the pressure distribution, and the roughness Reynolds numbers play an important role in the change of flow patterns. The three flow patterns of subcritical, critical and supercritical flows can be classified based on the changing patterns of both the mean and the fluctuating pressure distributions. The present study suggests that the wind tunnel results obtained in the supercritical pattern reflect more closely those of full-scale solid structure of revolution at the designed wind speed.

Community structure and spatial-temporal variation of netzphytoplankton in the Bering Sea in summer

Marine biodiversity is changing in response to altered physical environment, subsequent ecological changes as well as anthropogenic disturbances. In this study, phytoplankton samples in situ collected in the Bering Sea in July of 1999 and 2010 were analyzed to obtain phytoplankton community structure and spatial-temporal variation between the beginning and end of this decade, and the correlation of phytoplankton community dynamics and environmental factors was investigated. A total of 5 divisions, 58 genera and 153 species of phytoplankton belonging to 3 ecological groups were identified. The vast majority of phytoplankton consisted of diatoms accounting for 66.7% of the total species and 95.2% of the total abundance. Considering differentiation in spatial extent and phytoplankton sample types, there were subtle changes in species composition, large altering in abundance and significant variation in spatial distribution between two surveys. The abundance peak area was located at the Bering Strait while sub peak was found at the Bering Sea Basin. The boreal-temperate diatom was the dominant flora, which was subsequently replaced by eurythermal and frigid-water diatom. Phytoplankton community in the Bering Sea was not a simplex uniform community but composed of deep-ocean assemblage and neritic assemblage. The deep-ocean assemblage was located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea Basin, dominated by boreal-temperate species（Neodenticula seminae, Thalassiothrix longissima, Amphiprora hyperborean, Chaetoceros atlanticus, Thalassiosira trifulta, etc.） and eurychoric species（Thalassionema nitzschioides, Ch. compressus, Rhizosolenia styliformis, etc.）, and characterized by low abundance, even interspecies abundance allocations, diverse dominant species and high species diversity. The neritic assemblage was distributed on the continental shelf and slope of Bering Sea and was mainly composed of frigid-water species（Th.nordenski？ldii, Ch. furcellatus, Ch. socialis, Bacteriosira fragilis, etc.） and eurythermal and euryhaline species（L.danicus, Ch. curvisetus, Coscinodiscus curvatulus, etc.）, and it was characterized by high abundance, uneven interspecies allocations, prominent dominant species and low species diversity. Spatial-temporal variation of species composition and abundance of phytoplankton in the Bering Sea was directly controlled by surface circulation,nutrient supply and ice edge.

Effects of bubbly flow on bending moment acting on the shaft of a gas sparged vessel stirred by a Rushton turbine

The bending moment acting on the overhung shaft of a gas-sparged vessel stirred by a Rushton turbine,as one of the results of fluid and structure interactions in stirred vessels,was measured using a moment sensor equipped with digital telemetry.An analysis of the shaft bending moment amplitude shows that the amplitude distribution of the bending moment,which indicates the elasticity nature of shaft material against bending deformation,follows the Weibull distribution.The trends of amplitude mean,standard deviation and peak deviation characteristics manifest an "S" shape versus gas flow.The "S" trend of the relative mean bending moment over gas flow rate,depending on the flow regime in gas-liquid stirred vessels,resulted from the competition among the nonuniformity of bubbly flow around the impeller,the formation of gas cavities behind the blades,and the gas direct impact on the impeller when gas is introduced.A further analysis of the bending moment power spectral density shows that the rather low frequency and speed frequency are evident.The low-frequency contribution to bending moment fluctuation peaks in the complete dispersion regime.

Fracture Behavior of Epoxy Asphalt Pavement on Steel Bridges based on Optical Fiber Sensing Technology and Numerical Simulation

The distributed optical fiber sensing technology was used to investigate the fracture behavior of the Epoxy Asphalt Mixture. The spatial distribution and variation of the strain development with crack propagation were acquired using the brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer through the loading experiments of the composite beam structure. In addition, a finite element model of the composite beam structure was developed to analyze the mechanical responses of the epoxy asphalt mixture using the extended finite element method. The experimental results show that the development of crack propagation becomes instable with the increase of the load, and larger loads will generate deeper cracks. Moreover, the numerical results show that the mechanical response of the crack tip changes with the crack propagation, and the worst areas that subjected to crack damage are located on both sides of the composite beam structure.

FPGA Implementation of Deep Leaning Model for Video Analytics

In recent years,deep neural networks have become a fascinating and influential research subject,and they play a critical role in video processing and analytics.Since,video analytics are predominantly hardware centric,exploration of implementing the deep neural networks in the hardware needs its brighter light of research.However,the computational complexity and resource constraints of deep neural networks are increasing exponentially by time.Convolutional neural networks are one of the most popular deep learning architecture especially for image classification and video analytics.But these algorithms need an efficient implement strategy for incorporating more real time computations in terms of handling the videos in the hardware.Field programmable Gate arrays(FPGA)is thought to be more advantageous in implementing the convolutional neural networks when compared to Graphics Processing Unit(GPU)in terms of energy efficient and low computational complexity.But still,an intelligent architecture is required for implementing the CNN in FPGA for processing the videos.This paper introduces a modern high-performance,energy-efficient Bat Pruned Ensembled Convolutional networks(BPEC-CNN)for processing the video in the hardware.The system integrates the Bat Evolutionary Pruned layers for CNN and implements the new shared Distributed Filtering Structures(DFS)for handing the filter layers in CNN with pipelined data-path in FPGA.In addition,the proposed system adopts the hardware-software co-design methodology for an energy efficiency and less computational complexity.The extensive experimentations are carried out using CASIA video datasets with ARTIX-7 FPGA boards(number)and various algorithms centric parameters such as accuracy,sensitivity,specificity and architecture centric parameters such as the power,area and throughput are analyzed.These results are then compared with the existing pruned CNN architectures such as CNN-Prunner in which the proposed architecture has been shown 25%better performance than the existing architectures.

Effects of Wetland Utilization Change on Spatial Distribution of Soil Nematodes in Heihe River Basin, Northwest China

The first account of the effects of wetland reclamation on soil nematode assemblages were provided, three sites in Heihe River Basin of Northwest China, that is grass wetland(GW), Tamarix chinensis wetland(TW) and crop wetland(CW) treatments, were compared. Results showed that the majority of soil nematodes were presented in the 0–20 cm soil layers in CW treatments, followed by in the 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm layers in GW treatments. Plant-feeding nametodes were the most abundant trophic groups in each treatment, where GW(91.0%) > TW(88.1%) > CW(53.5%). Generic richness(GR) was lower in the TW(16) than that in GW(23) and CW(25). The combination of enrichment index(EI) and structure index(SI) showed that the soil food web in GW was more structured, and those in TW was stressed, while the enrichment soil food web was presented in the CW treatment. Several ecological indices which reflected soil community structure, diversity, Shannon-Weaver diversity(H′), Evenness(J′), Richness(GR) and modified maturity index(MMI) were found to be effective for assessing the response of soil namatode communities to soil of saline wetland reclamation. Furthermore, saline wetland reclamation also exerted great influence on the soil physical and chemical properties(p H, Electric conductivity(EC), Total organic carbon(TOC), Total nitrogen(Total-N) and Nitrate Nitrogen(N-NO3–)). These results indicated that the wetland reclamation had significantly effects on soil nematode community structure and soil properties in this study.

China＇s National Income Distribution in the New Normal：Characteristics,Contradictions and Reforms

This paper discusses the evolution and characteristics of China's national income distribution structure after the dawn of the new century and particularly in China's new normal of social and economic development. This paper casts light on the profound national income distribution and redistribution effects of changing ownership and economic reforms, as well as the microscopic household income distribution effects of changes in macroscopic distribution structure. Based on an analysis of changes in macroscopic distribution pattern, this paper explains the structural contradictions of national income distribution in China and their effects on China's economy, providing a theoretical analysis of income distribution for deepening supply-side structural reform.

Construction of parallel and distributed static simulation system based on augmented reality

This article puts forward a kind of parallel and distributed static augmented scene system structure to improve the performance of real time augmented simulation system. Based on static registration technique, several groups of processing nodes do parallel scene pictures taking, 3D registration and virtual-real merging. Process on different nodes is controlled by uniform synchronization mechanism and network transmitting. Wide field of view image can be obtained from image mosaic operation and displayed by wide view display system. Detailed system architecture, registration algorithm, method how to determine camera position and synchronization mechanism between each process node are introduced. The experiment result can validate the good performance of the designed system.

Distributed event-triggered adaptive control for second-order nonlinear uncertain multi-agent systems

In this paper,the event-triggered consensus control problem for nonlinear uncertain multi-agent systems subject to unknown parameters and external disturbances is considered.The dynamics of subsystems are second-order with similar structures,and the nodes are connected by undirected graphs.The event-triggered mechanisms are not only utilized in the transmission of information from the controllers to the actuators,and from the sensors to the controllers within each agent,but also in the communication between agents.Based on the adaptive backstepping method,extra estimators are introduced to handle the unknown parameters,and the measurement errors that occur during the event-triggered communication are well handled by designing compensating terms for the control signals.The presented distributed event-triggered adaptive control laws can guarantee the boundness of the consensus tracking errors and the Zeno behavior is avoided.Meanwhile,the update frequency of the controllers and the load of communication burden are vastly reduced.The obtained control protocol is further applied to a multi-input multi-output second-order nonlinear multi-agent system,and the simulation results show the effectiveness and advantages of our proposed method.

Strategically supported cooperation in dynamic games with coalition structures

The problem of strategic stability of long-range cooperative agreements in dynamic games with coalition structures is investigated. Based on imputation distribution procedures, a general theoretical framework of the differential game with a coalition structure is proposed. A few assumptions about the deviation instant for a coalition are made concerning the behavior of a group of many individuals in certain dynamic environments.From these, the time-consistent cooperative agreement can be strategically supported by ε-Nash or strong ε-Nash equilibria. While in games in the extensive form with perfect information, it is somewhat surprising that without the assumptions of deviation instant for a coalition, Nash or strong Nash equilibria can be constructed.

Airframe Damage Region Division Method Based on Structure Tensor Dynamic Operator

In order to improve the accuracy of damage region division and eliminate the interference of damage adjacent region,the airframe damage region division method based on the structure tensor dynamic operator is proposed in this paper.The structure tensor feature space is established to represent the local features of damage images.It makes different damage images have the same feature distribution,and transform varied damage region division into consistent process of feature space division.On this basis,the structure tensor dynamic operator generation method is designed.It integrates with bacteria foraging optimization algorithm improved by defining double fitness function and chemotaxis rules,in order to calculate the parameters of dynamic operator generation method and realize the structure tensor feature space division.And then the airframe damage region division is realized.The experimental results on different airframe structure damage images show that compared with traditional threshold division method,the proposed method can improve the division quality.The interference of damage adjacent region is eliminated.The information loss caused by over-segmentation is avoided.And it is efficient in operation,and consistent in process.It also has the applicability to different types of structural damage.

Distribution Pattern of Photosynthetic Picoplankton and Heterotrophic Bacteria in the Northern South China Sea

The environmental regulation of plcoplankton distribution in the northern South China Sea was examined In winter and summer of 2004. The average abundance of Synechococcus, Prochlorococcus, and heterotrophlc bacteria was lower In winter （30, 21, and 780×10^3 cells/cm^3, respectively） than In summer （53, 85, and 1 090×10^3 cells/cm^3, respectively）, but the seasonal pattern was opposite for plcoeukaryotlc phytoplankton （4 500 and 3 200 cells/cm^3 In winter and summer, respectively）. Synechococcus, picoeukaryotes, and bacteria were most abundant in the nutrient-rich coastal zone and continental shelf, but Prochlorococcus was most abundant In the continental slope and open ocean. The vertical distribution of each photosynthetic group and heterotrophlc bacteria changed between the two seasons. Synechococcus populations with apparently different phycoerythrobilin content occurred at many stations In the summer. In addition, two different populations of Prochlorococcus were found： （i） small, weakly fluorescing cells in the surface layer; and （ii） larger, strongly fluorescent cells In the deep layer. The distribution pattern of photosynthetic plcoplankton and heterotrophlc bacteria depends on environmental effects and their ecophyslologlcal differences. The distribution of Synechococcus appeared to be related to nutrient availability, whereas the distribution of Prochlorococcus appeared to be limited by temperature. Synechococcus was the only plcophytoplankton with a consistent strong relationship with bacteria.

Spatial variations of macrozoobenthos and sediment nutrients in Lake Yangcheng: Emphasis on effect of pen culture of Chinese mitten crab

We determined the effect of Chinese mitten crab（CMC） pen culture on the quantified spatial distribution of the macrozoobenthic community and sediment nutrients in Lake Yangcheng.Redundancy analysis indicated that water temperature, macrophyte occurrence, sediment type, and crab culture were the main environmental factors that influence the spatiotemporal macrozoobenthic distribution. Macrozoobenthic assemblages in the lake were characterized by eutrophic indicator species. In the most polluted estuaries, the abundance and diversity indices of the whole community and abundance of chironomids and oligochaetes were significantly depressed, and sediment carbon（C） and phosphorus（P） were significantly enhanced compared with those in the western, middle（MB）, and eastern basin（EB）. Crab culture in this lake had significant effects on the species composition of the macrozoobenthic community in one of three CMC culture pens（CP）, and generally depressed the abundance of most chironomid and oligochaete species. Significantly increased diversity, evenness, sediment carbon and nitrogen content, and sediment C：P ratio in the CP were found compared with those in the three basins.However, no conspicuous difference in sediment P content between the CP and the two basins of MB and EB was detected. Our results showed that the enhanced diversity and evenness of macrozoobenthos might be associated with the joint effect of macrophyte planting and crab predation, and macrophyte planting may modify the effects of CMC culture by leading to disproportional accumulation of C and N in the sediment relative to P in the CP of the lake.

Make Efforts to Develop an Olive-shaped Distribution Pattern: An Analysis Based on Data from the Chinese Social Survey for 2006-2013

Increasing the proportion of the middle income group is key to shrinking the income gap and developing an olive-shaped distribution structure in China. Data from the Chinese Social Survey for 2006 to 2013 show that the proportion of the middle income group oscillates between 27 percent and 28 percent. It is estimated that by 2020, we will have achieved an initial olive-shaped distribution structure （larger in the middle and smaller at each end） if the average income of the lower and lower middle income groups can be quadrupled and that of the middle and high income groups can be doubled. To achieve this aim, we need to ensure that residents＇ incomes rise faster than GDP, continue large-scale poverty reduction, endeavor to improve the employment situation for college graduates and the new generation of migrant workers, improve the social security system, stabilize the price of goods and housing, and alleviate the pressure on the lower middle income group.

Inverse design of mesoscopic models for compressible flow using the Chapman-Enskog analysis

In this paper,based on simplified Boltzmann equation,we explore the inverse-design of mesoscopic models for compressible flow using the Chapman-Enskog analysis.Starting from the single-relaxation-time Boltzmann equation with an additional source term,two model Boltzmann equations for two reduced distribution functions are obtained,each then also having an additional undetermined source term.Under this general framework and using Navier-Stokes-Fourier(NSF)equations as constraints,the structures of the distribution functions are obtained by the leading-order Chapman-Enskog analysis.Next,five basic constraints for the design of the two source terms are obtained in order to recover the NSF system in the continuum limit.These constraints allow for adjustable bulk-to-shear viscosity ratio,Prandtl number as well as a thermal energy source.The specific forms of the two source terms can be determined through proper physical considerations and numerical implementation requirements.By employing the truncated Hermite expansion,one design for the two source terms is proposed.Moreover,three well-known mesoscopic models in the literature are shown to be compatible with these five constraints.In addition,the consistent implementation of boundary conditions is also explored by using the Chapman-Enskog expansion at the NSF order.Finally,based on the higher-order Chapman-Enskog expansion of the distribution functions,we derive the complete analytical expressions for the viscous stress tensor and the heat flux.Some underlying physics can be further explored using the DNS simulation data based on the proposed model.