Mechanism and dose-effect of Ginkgolide B on severe acute pancreatitis of rats

AIM:To determine the optimal dosage and mechanism of Ginkgolide B(BN52021) on severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) of rats.METHODS:Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups(10 for each group).Shamoperation group(SO),SAP model group(SAP),dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) contrast group(DMSO),and groups treated with 2.5 mg/kg BN52021(BN1),5 mg/kg BN52021(BN2),10 mg/kg BN52021(BN3),and 20 μg/kg Sandostatin(SS).The SAP model was established in Wistar rats by injecting 5% sodium taurocholate retrogradely into the common bilio-pancreatic duct.The rats of SO,DMSO and BN52021 were injected with 0.9% NaCl,0.5% DMSO and BN52021 through femoral vein 15 min after the operation.The SS group was injected with Sandostatin subcutaneously.All rats were anaesthetized at 6 h after operation,and venous blood was collected to determine the levels of serum amylase and phospholipase A2(PLA2),and pancreas tissue was harvested and stained.RESULTS:There was no significant difference between the SAP and DMSO groups in serum amylase level,PLA2,ascites and pathologic score,but significant difference was found in SAP/DMSO groups compared with those in SO group(P < 0.05) and the levels of serum amylase,PLA2,ascites,and pathologic score were lower in the BN1,BN2,BN3 and SS groups than in the SAP and DMSO groups(P < 0.05).However,among BN1,BN2,BN3 and SS groups,BN2 had the best effect in decreasing the levels of serum amylase and PLA2(P < 0.05).Expression of platelet activating factor(PAF) receptor(PAFR) mRNA and protein showed no significant difference between the SAP and DMSO groups,or among BN1,BN2,BN3 and SS groups,but there was remarkable difference between SAP/DMSO group and SO group(P < 0.05),and expression of PAFR mRNA and protein was higher in the BN1,BN2,BN3 and SS groups than in the SAP and DMSO groups(P < 0.05).PAFR expression was observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of pancreatic islet cells in Wistar rats by immunohistochemistry.CONCLUSION:By iv injection,5 mg/kg of BN52021 is the optimal dosage for SAP rats.BN52021 may inhibit the interaction/binding of PAF with PAFR.

Dose-effect correlation of chloride de-icing salt on Euonymus japonicus

In order to prevent severe pollution by de-icing salt on greenery along urban roads, a half lethal dose （LD_50）for a plant population was confirmed through stress simulation of chloride de-icing salt on Euonymus japonicus, with an ianalysis of physiological changes, statistics on mortality rate on plant populations and mathematic modeling during a 30- day subacute toxicity test. The results indicate that a significant positive correlation in the early stages and a significant negative correlation in the later stages were observed between the amount of chlorophyll a and b in plants and a cumulative dose of de-icing salt. The amounts of free proline in plants and the dose of de-icing salt were positively correlated Over the entire period. No significant correlation in the initial stage, but a significant negative correlation in later stages was observed between the soluble protein and the dose of de-icing salt. LDs0 of this chloride agent on E. japonicus is 5 kg.（L·m2）-1 over 30 days.

Time-effect and dose-effect of prasugrel hydrobromide acetic acid compound inhibiting platelet aggregation

Aim To evaluate the time-effect and dose-effect of prasugrel hydrobromide acetic acid compound （PHAAC） inhibiting platelet aggregation. Methods For the time-effect study, 190 Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were devided into 19 groups （n- 10）： the vehicle control group, the PHAAC groups （0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 h） and the prasugrel hydrochloride groups （0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 h）. Rats were singly intra- gastic administration of the vehicle, the PHAAC （5 mg·kg^-1） or the prasugrel hydrochloride （5 mg · kg^-1 ）, re- spectively. Blood samples were taken at each time point for the determination of platelet aggregation rate （PAR）. For the dose-effect study, 110 SD rats were devided into 11 groups （n= 10）： the vehicle control group, the PHAAC groups （10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5 mg · kg^-1, dosage of prasugrel） and the prasugrel hydrochloride groups （ 10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5 mg · kg^-1, dosage of prasugrel） . Blood samples were taken at 4 h after drug administration for the determination of PAR. Results Compared with the vehicle group, PHAAC has significant anti-platelet ag- gregative effects （P 〈 0.05） at the time of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 h, and the effect at the time of 4 h was the strongest. There were no obvious differences between the effect of PHAAC （5 mg · kg^-1） and prasugrel hydrochlo- ride （5 mg · kg^-1） at each time point. Compared with the vehicle group, intragastic administration of PHAAC at the doses of 10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5 mg · kg^-1 could obviously inhibite the platelet aggregation, and showed a dose- dependent manner. There were no significant differences between the effect of PHAAC and prasugrel hydrochloride at the same dose. Conclusion PHAAC can inhibit platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, and the effect at 4 h after drug administration is the strongest. The action strength and duration of PHAAC are similar with that of the prasugrel hydrochloride.

Primary investigation of dose-effect relationship of ^(153)Sm-EDTMP in treating multiple bone metastases

Objective:To calculate the focus absorption dose of 153Sm-EDTMP with the Monte Carlo(MC)EGS4 method for treatment of bone metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma or breast cancer,and investigate the relationship between the focus absorption dose and painkilling effect of 153Sm-EDTMP.Methods:Four patients with multiple bone metastases from nasopharyngeal or breast carcinoma and suffered from grade IV bone pain were treated with radionuclide internal irradiation of 153Sm-EDTMP.The absorption dose and dose distribution of bone metastases and other targeted organs were calculated with MC EGS4 program based on the time-order SPECT/CT scanning and the measurement of the radioactivity in the urine accumulation.The release of bone pain and the improvement of life quality were observed.Results:Bone pain of the patients was significantly alleviated to grade II for 3–4 weeks after internal 153Sm-EDTMP irradiation.The 3-dimensional absorption dose distribution image of bone metastases and targeted organs showed that the dose distribution in bone metastases was not asymmetrical.After injection of 0.65×37 MBq/kg 153Sm-EDTMP,the highest absorption dose in bone lesions was about 4.9–5.9 Gy,and the dose in the lesion margin was about 2.0 Gy.Using the highest dose as reference dose point,the relative absorption dose values of bone marrow,vertebra and sex organ near lesions were 0.48–1.1 Gy,0.51–0.85 Gy,and 0.01–0.14 Gy,respectively.Conclusion:The absorption dose of bone metastases is significantly lower than treatment dose of 30 Gy after single irradiation of 153Sm-EDTMP.The painkilling effect is limited and in accordance with clinical observation.

Survey of dose-effect relationship in Chinese materia medica

The research on the dose-effect relationship in Chinese materia medica is delayed due to the complexity of its composition, multi-efficacy, multi-targeting and other factors. Many experts put forward relevant research ideas and methods and worked out more and more research results in literature, experimental and clinical categories because of the progress of statistical methods and scientific and technological means in recent years. In this paper, these results were preliminarily combed to show the basic situation of dose-effect relationship research in Chinese materia medica.

Study of Linearization of Hill Dose-Effect Curve with Metabolic Velocity Instead of Drug Concentration

Objective To explore the velocity-effect relationship in order to the establish linearization of effect on an equation with regard to the consistency of the Hill dose-effect expression with the metabolic kinetics of receptors.Methods The linear velocity-effect expression was obtained by solving multivariant differential equation groups,which were established to compare the coincidences and basic relations between the Hill dose-effect and metabolic kinetic Michaelis-Menten equation for receptors.The validation test was conducted with acetylcholine,adrenaline,and their mixture as model drugs.Results The linear velocity-effect modelling was represented in vivo or in vitro,for single and multidrug systems.Pharmacodynamic parameters,especially suitable for multicomponent CMM formulas,could be determined and calculated for single or multicomponent formulas at high saturating or low linear concentration for receptors.The validation test showed that the pharmacodynamic parameters of acetylcholine were:k,2.675×10^-3s^-1;ka,5.786×10^-9s^-1;km,2.500×10^-7s^-1;α,4.619×10^9张s·mg^-1;E0,13张(P<0.01)and those of adrenaline were:k,1.415×10^-3s^-1;ka,5.846×10^-9s^-1;km,2.300×10^-7s^-1;α,-1.627×10^9张s·m g^-1;E0,9.2张(P<0.01).For the mixture of the two components,the values were:α,1.375×1010张s·m g^-1;-6.150×10^9张s m g^-1for acetylcholine and adrenaline,respectively,and E0was7.08张in both,with the other parameters unchanged(P<0.01).Conclusion The velocity-effect equation can linearize the Hill dose-effect relationship,which can be applied to study the pharmacodynamics and availability of CMM formulations in vivo and in vitro.

Progress in the Research of Radix Astragali in Treating Chronic Heart Failure:Effective Ingredients,Dose-Effect Relationship and Adverse Reaction

Radix Astragali,a Chinese herbal medicine possessing important cardiovascular pharmacologic effects,is widely applied for the treatment of chronic heart failure（CHF） in clinical practice.This paper summarizes briefly the researches in the last 10 years on its chemical compositions,effective ingredients for improving cardiac function,dose-effect relationship in treating CHF,and adverse reactions that occurred in clinical practice.

Clinical Observations on the Dose-effect Relationship of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction (葛根芩连汤) on 54 Out-patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of different dosages of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction (葛根芩连汤) on type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Fifty-four type 2 diabetic patients from low dosage group (20 cases), medium dosage group (19 cases) and high dosage group (15 cases) were treated with different dosage of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction for 12 weeks. Fasting blood-glucose (FBG), postprandial blood sugar (PBG) and Hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc) were determined before and after treatment. Results: With the increase of dosage, the overall effective rate of glycaemic control increased, and FBG, PBG, HbAlc decreased. The overall effective rate of blood glucose control of high dosage, medium dosage and low dosage group were 80%, 47%, 30% respectively, and there were significant differences between high dosage group and low dosage group. The decrease of FBG, PBG and HbAlc of high dosage showed significant differences from low dosage too. These data was analyzed by trend χ2 test and covariance analysis. Conclusion: The result indicated that different dosage of Gegen Qin Lian Decoction has dose-effect relationship in reducing HbAlc and FBG.

Research ideas and strategies on the dose-effect relationship of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and herbs

We discuss here the complexity of the doses of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions and herbs from different viewpoints,including the heterogeneity of drug quality,the flexibility of prescriptions,and the diversity of drug effects.Then,the corresponding research ideas and strategies are proposed.We can reveal the actual situation of clinical doses based on in-depth "real-world study" of the safety and effectiveness of TCM prescriptions,create an analytical method for dose-effect relationships in accordance with the features of TCM,and reveal the correlated regular nature of the effectiveness and dosage of TCM prescriptions and herbs.

"Dose-effect-response" Relationships of Paeoniae Radix Rubra on α-Naphthylisothiocyanate-induced Acute Cholestatic Hepatitis in Rats

Objective To investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Paeoniae Radix Rubra(PRR)at different doses against α-naphthylisothiocyanate(α-NIT)-induced acute cholestatic hepatitis in rats.Methods Rats were ig admini-strated with vehicle or PRR[(1,9,18,36,54,72,and 81 g/(kg·d)]3 d before and 2 d afterα-NIT(60 mg/kg)ig administration.The general status of rats,histopathology of liver,serum alanine aminotransaminase,aspartate aminotransaminase,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,and alkaline phosphatase levels,were observed at respective time points(24 and 48 h)afterα-NIT administration.Using cluster analysis and correspondence analysis,the 'dose-effect-response'relationships of PRR were evaluated.Results The results showed that compared with model group,the serum biochemistry index significantly decreased with the increasing of PRR dosage(P<0.01), and the change and necrosis of hepatic cellula,and inflammatory cell infiltration were gradually alleviated. However,the improvement was not obviously found in the low-dose group[1 g/(kg·d)].The cluster analysis and correspondence analysis results showed that different doses of PRR could significantly ameliorateα-NIT-induced acute cholestatic hepatitis of rats in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion The experiments show that administration doses of PRR in clinical use should be added properly in order to gain the expectant therapeutic effect,especially in the treatment of heavy acute cholestasis hepatitis.

Dose-effect relationships in total body irradiation on the healing of cutaneous wounds

Objective To study the effects of dosages of total body irradiation on the healing process of cutaneous wounds and to observe the changes of wound area at different periods after injury.Methods The entire body irradiation from a 60Co γ-ray source was performed on Wistar rats. The single dosage varied from 1 to 8 Gy. Within 1 h after irradiation, two whole thickness circular cutaneous wounds corresponding to 2. 5% of total body surface area (φ =22 mm) were produced on the back of the animals (combined injury groups). Same wounds were produced on rats with no irradiation (single wound group). Wound healing was observed at different points after injury.Results After total body irradiation with the dose of 1,2,3,4,5,6, 7 or 8 Gy, the wound healing was obviously retarded as the dosages increased. The wound area remained was larger in the large dosage groups than in the small dosage groups. Seven days after injury, there was 33.5% wound surface left unhealed in the single wound group, whereas in the combined injury groups, 35.4%, 38.1 %, 41. 6%, 48. 8%, 53. 9%, 63. 7%, 69. 2% and 73. 9% of the wound surfaces remained unhealed, respectively. Statistical analysis showed marked correlations between the various times after total body irradiation and various dosages to the percentage of unhealed wound surface. Nine dose-effect relation formulae were deduced according to the statistical results.Conclusions In soft tissue trauma combined with radiation injury, the delay of wound healing is related to the dose of radiation inflicted. It is also related to the time between injury and time of observation.

小剂量艾司氯胺酮对环泊酚用于无痛胃肠镜检查麻醉诱导半数有效剂量的影响

目的探讨小剂量艾司氯胺酮对环泊酚用于无痛胃肠镜检查麻醉诱导半数有效剂量(ED_(50))的影响。方法选择择期行无痛胃肠镜检查患者59例,男26例,女33例,年龄18~64岁,BMI 18~30 kg/m^(2),ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组:艾司氯胺酮联合环泊酚组(EC组,n=29)和环泊酚组(C组,n=30)。EC组给予环泊酚前2 min静注艾司氯胺酮0.3 mg/kg,C组于相同时点静注等量生理盐水。麻醉诱导环泊酚初始剂量为0.4 mg/kg,剂量调整梯度为0.04 mg/kg,检查时若出现阳性反应则下一例患者环泊酚诱导剂量增加0.04 mg/kg,阴性反应则下一例患者环泊酚诱导剂量减少0.04 mg/kg。阳性反应为麻醉诱导后2 min患者BIS无法降至60或置入胃镜时出现呛咳或体动反应2级及以上。记录环泊酚总用量、苏醒时间、出室时间、术中及术后不良反应发生情况。采用Probit概率回归分析法计算ED_(50)、95%有效剂量(ED_(95))和95%可信区间(CI)。结果与C组比较,EC组检查过程中环泊酚总用量、低血压发生率及血管活性药物使用率均明显降低(P<0.05)。EC组使用环泊酚行无痛胃肠镜检查的麻醉诱导ED_(50)为0.21 mg/kg(95%CI 0.12~0.25 mg/kg),ED_(95)为0.32 mg/kg(95%CI 0.26~0.39 mg/kg),C组使用环泊酚行无痛胃肠镜检查的麻醉诱导ED_(50)为0.37 mg/kg(95%CI 0.32~0.40 mg/kg),ED_(95)为0.48 mg/kg(95%CI 0.43~0.54 mg/kg)。与C组比较,EC组使用环泊酚行无痛胃肠镜检查的麻醉诱导ED_(50)、ED_(95)明显降低(P<0.05)。两组其他不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论联合艾司氯胺酮0.3 mg/kg可降低环泊酚用于无痛胃肠镜检查麻醉诱导时的ED_(50)并减少检查过程中环泊酚总用量,术中循环稳定,可安全用于无痛胃肠镜检查。

壳三糖对帕金森病小鼠氧化应激的影响

帕金森病(Parkinson′s disease,PD)的重要发病机制之一是氧化应激,而壳寡糖具有较好的抗氧化活性且在PD等神经性疾病中具有良好的保护效果。将小鼠分为空白组、模型组、低剂量组(35 mg/kg)、中剂量组(70 mg/kg)和高剂量组(140 mg/kg),利用1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,MPTP)对小鼠腹腔注射诱导PD模型,并通过行为学、病理指标和氧化应激相关指标对各组小鼠进行评估,探究了壳三糖对于PD小鼠保护效果的量效关系及保护机制。结果显示,低中高3个剂量组壳三糖均能缓解PD小鼠的行为学障碍和纹状体中酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)表达量的减少,且中剂量组效果最佳。壳三糖干预显著降低了PD小鼠纹状体中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,提高了还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)含量、总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)以及过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的表达,上调了核因子E2相关因子(NF-E2-related factor 2,Nrf2)/血红素氧化酶(heme oxygenase,HO-1)信号通路。结果表明,中剂量壳三糖对MPTP诱导的PD有更明显的缓解作用,其作用机制可能是通过提高抗氧化酶表达和上调Nrf2/HO-1信号通路,降低PD小鼠氧化应激从而缓解PD。

乳酸对电加热卷烟气溶胶不同形态烟碱释放规律的影响

【目的】探索调控加热卷烟劲头与刺激之间平衡的方法,提高加热卷烟感官舒适度。【方法】基于二氯甲烷-水双相萃取体系的加热卷烟游离态烟碱测定方法,考察了乙酸、丙酸及乳酸3种酸类香料对电加热卷烟不同形态烟碱释放规律的影响。【结果】①乳酸最能影响气溶胶中游离态烟碱释放量。②除烟芯材料总烟碱外,烟芯材料pH值、游离态烟碱含量、游离态烟碱系数以及气溶胶pH值、游离态烟碱释放量、总烟碱释放量、烟碱转移率均呈现随乳酸增加而降低趋势。③乳酸施加量与烟芯材料、气溶胶关键指标之间存在较强的线性量效关系。④随抽吸口序的递增,气溶胶游离态烟碱系数整体呈可识别的下降趋势,前6口下降趋势更为明显,表明游离态烟碱更倾向于在抽吸前6口释放出来。【结论】可通过乳酸对气溶胶总烟碱及游离态烟碱释放进行定量控制,使加热卷烟在劲头与刺激之间取得平衡,改善高烟碱释放量加热卷烟的感官舒适度。

集成电路和功率器件抗辐射工艺加固技术研究综述

随着我国空间装备的高速发展,尤其是深空探测器,微电子器件抗辐射性能得到广泛关注。抗辐射工艺加固是实现器件抗辐射性能提升的重要途径之一。本文围绕空间总剂量效应和单粒子效应,对近年来集成电路和功率器件辐射效应机理和工艺加固技术的研究进展进行了介绍和总结,为抗辐射工艺加固技术的发展与应用提供了有益参考。

基于PXI标准的功率器件总剂量效应测试系统研制

设计了一款针对功率器件的总剂量效应测试系统。该系统基于外围组件互连(PXI)扩展主机系统,设计了测试板卡,并通过设计不同工艺的半导体功率器件测试工装,实现功率器件的批量自动化测试。结果表明,氮化镓工艺的功率器件的耐总剂量效应优于硅和碳化硅工艺的功率器件的。

瑞马唑仑用于重症监护病房俯卧位通气深镇静诱导的半数有效剂量

目的测定瑞马唑仑用于重症监护病房(ICU)患者俯卧位通气深镇静诱导的半数有效剂量(ED50)。方法选择2022年11月至2023年7月达州市中心医院收入ICU的早期中、重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)行俯卧位通气深镇静患者45例,给药舒芬太尼0.4μg/kg使重症监护疼痛观察工具(CPOT)评分达0~1分后,使用瑞马唑仑诱导镇静,镇静达标后开始俯卧位通气。瑞马唑仑诱导镇静的剂量由改良Dixon序贯试验法确定,根据预试验确定瑞马唑仑的起始剂量为0.2 mg/kg,剂量梯度为0.025 mg/kg。镇静达标定义为给药后3 min内Richmond躁动-镇静评分(RASS)≤-4分且光谱熵(SE)≤50。但如俯卧位通气3 min之内出现明显的体动、皱眉、流泪、呛咳和吞咽等反应且RASS>-4分或SE>50,仍表示镇静不理想。镇静达标且理想则下一例患者在上一例的给药剂量基础上降低一个梯度,若镇静未达标或不理想,下一例给药剂量升高一个梯度。连续出现10次交叉后终止研究。运用Probit回归分析法,计算出瑞马唑仑的ED50和95%有效剂量(ED95)。记录给药前后心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))及俯卧位通气中心动过缓和恶心呕吐等不良反应的发生情况。结果瑞马唑仑用于ICU患者俯卧位通气深镇静诱导的ED50为0.228 mg/kg(95%CI 0.208~0.248),ED95为0.365 mg/kg(95%CI 0.299-0.518)。与舒芬太尼镇痛达标后(T_(1))比较,瑞马唑仑诱导镇静后2 min(T_(2))和俯卧位通气后2 min(T_(3))各时间点的血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T_(3)时HR、MAP及RR较T_(1)和T_(2)时均有下降(P<0.05),但下降幅度在20%以内;T_(2)和T_(3)时镇静深度指标RASS及SE比T_(1)时显著下降(P<0.01)。诱导期间3例患者出现低血压,给予麻黄碱有效;2例患者出现心动过缓,给予阿托品有效,无其他不良反应。结论瑞马唑仑用于ICU患者俯卧位通气深镇静诱导的ED50为0.228 mg/kg,ED95为0.365 mg/kg,镇静效果确切,呼吸循环影响较小,不良反应少。

改良术中实时计划对125Ⅰ粒子治疗腰淋巴结转移癌的价值

目的 探讨改良术中实时计划对CT引导125Ⅰ粒子植入治疗腰淋巴结转移癌的价值。方法 选取2015年1月至2021年12月在河北省人民医院接受125Ⅰ粒子治疗的腰淋巴结转移癌患者26例。根据手术时长(<1.5 h和≥1.5 h)将患者分为两组各13例,分别接受传统术中实时计划(传统术中实时计划组)和改良术中实时计划(改良术中实时计划组)。比较各组术前和术后D90、V90、V100、V150及肠管和腹主动脉的D2cc剂量参数的差异及两组各剂量参数差值百分比的差异。观察两组术后6个月的疗效与并发症情况。结果 改良术中实时计划组术前和术后各剂量参数比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。传统术中实时计划组术前和术后V150比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);其余参数比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。两组V150差值百分比比较,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.035);其余各剂量参数差值百分比比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。改良术中实时计划组和传统术中实时计划组术后6个月有效率分别为76.9%(10/13)和46.2%(6/13;P=0.226)。两组均未出现腹膜炎和出血等并发症。结论 改良术中实时计划提高粒子剂量分布的准确性,在一定程度上降低高剂量区范围,为125Ⅰ粒子治疗腰淋巴结转移癌的安全性提供保证。

瑞马唑仑复合舒芬太尼抑制单腔气管插管患者心血管反应的ED_(50)、ED_(95)

目的 分析瑞马唑仑复合舒芬太尼抑制单腔气管插管患者心血管反应的半数有效剂量(ED_(50))、95%有效剂量(ED_(95))。方法 选取2022年5月至2023年5月在河南大学第一附属医院接受单腔气管插管的68例患者为研究对象,其中患者年龄为20~67岁,体重指数为18~26 kg·m~(-2),美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级。按照改良Dixon序贯试验法,首例患者先静脉滴注舒芬太尼0.1μg·kg~(-1),于3 min后注射瑞马唑仑,初始剂量为0.2 mg·kg~(-1),等待患者意识消失,给予罗库溴铵0.6 mg·kg~(-1),行单腔气管插管,根据上1例患者心血管反应为阳性或者阴性,决定下1例患者瑞马唑仑剂量增加或降低1个剂量梯度,剂量梯度为0.01 mg·kg~(-1)。以Probit回归分析计算瑞马唑仑复合舒芬太尼抑制单腔气管插管患者心血管反应的ED_(50)、ED_(95),观察麻醉诱导前(T_1)、初次脑电双频指数(BIS)≤60时(T_2)、麻醉诱导后(T_3)不同时间点的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))变化。结果 瑞马唑仑复合舒芬太尼抑制单腔气管插管患者心血管反应的ED_(50)为0.180 mg·kg~(-1)(95%CI:0.154~0.196 mg·kg~(-1)),ED_(95)为0.195 mg·kg~(-1)(95%CI:0.165~0.204 mg·kg~(-1));不同时间点的MAP比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);相较于T_1,T_2、T_3时的HR降低,SpO_(2)升高(P<0.05);给予患者瑞马唑仑后,出现1例恶心、1例头晕,苏醒后均恢复正常,未出现注射痛、低血压、心动过缓等情况。结论 瑞马唑仑复合舒芬太尼抑制单腔气管插管患者心血管反应的ED_(50)为0.180 mg·kg~(-1),ED_(95)为0.195 mg·kg~(-1)。

序贯法测定复合阿芬太尼时环泊酚抑制日间乳腺微创手术体动反应的半数有效剂量

目的:采用序贯法测定复合阿芬太尼时环泊酚抑制日间乳腺微创手术体动反应的半数有效剂量(ED 50)。方法:选择2023年10月至2024年1月于日间手术中心行乳腺微创旋切术的患者,年龄18~65岁,BMI 18.5~25.0 kg/m 2,ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级。静脉注射阿芬太尼10μg/kg,30 s后静脉注射环泊酚,待患者睫毛反射消失后开始手术。术中体动反应≥2级为阳性。采用Dixon序贯法试验,环泊酚初始剂量0.40 mg/kg,剂量梯度为0.04 mg/kg,采用Probit回归分析法计算环泊酚抑制体动反应的ED 50和ED 95。结果:共纳入36例患者。复合10μg/kg阿芬太尼时环泊酚抑制日间乳腺微创手术体动反应的ED 50(95%CI)为0.285(0.263~0.303)mg/kg;ED 95(95%CI)为0.337(0.314~0.421)mg/kg。结论:复合10μg/kg阿芬太尼时环泊酚抑制日间乳腺微创手术体动反应的ED 50为0.285 mg/kg。