Incidence of Enterobius vermicularis in acute appendicitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of Enterobius vermicularis (E. vermicularis) in appendectomies in Iran from 1993 to 2018 . Methods: Data were systematically collected on the electronic databases including PubMed, GoogleScholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, Irandoc (Bareket), IranMedex, and Scientific Information Database in English or Persian. Six articles including 29694 cases of appendicitis with 258 positive cases of infection withE. vermicularis were eligible to enter into this systematic review and meta-analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of E. vermicularis in appendicitis in Iran was 1% (95%CI=0.00-0.02) with the highest rate of 3% (95%CI=0.02-0.03) and lowest rate of 0% (95%CI=0.00-0.01). Conclusions: Prevalence of E. vermicularis infectionin appendicitis in Iran is low and has no statistically significant correlation with age and gender.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of Enterobius vermicularis among kindergarteners in Shiraz and Khorramabad cities, Iran

Objective: To study the prevalence and genotype of Enterobius(E.)vermicularis from adhesive tape samples in the cities of Shiraz and Khorramabad, Iran. Methods: A total of 1 000 adhesive tape samples from kindergartens in Shiraz(500 samples) and Khorramabad(500 samples) were collected and tested using a microscope to find E. vermicularis egg/s. A questionnaire was filled out for each sample. In order to characterize the genotype of E. vermicularis, the PCR-sequencing method of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1(cox1) gene was used. Genomic DNA was extracted from the positive scotch tape samples of E. vermicularis. The cox1 gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The sequence data were aligned using the BioEdit software and compared with the published sequences in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the maximum likelihood method. Results: The parasitological method showed that 15 out of the 500 samples from Shiraz(3.00%) and 12 out of the 500 samples from Khorramabad(2.40%) were infected with E. vermicularis eggs. BLAST analysis indicated that the sequenced isolates belonged to E. vermicularis genotype B while three different haplotypes were also identified. Conclusions: This is the first study on genotyping E. vermicularis in the cities of Shiraz and Khorramabad. Considering the public health importance of the disease, further studies are necessary to characterize the genotype of E. vermicularis in human populations from other regions of Iran.

Enterobius vermicularis infection among population of General Mansilla,Argentina

AIM:To evaluate the relationships between the personal, sociocultural,and environmental characteristics,and the presence or absence of symptoms with the detection of Enterobius vermicularis(E.vermicularis)in a population sample in our region(General Mansilla,Province of Buenos Aires,Argentina),by individual and familiar analyses. METHODS:E.verrnicularis was diagnosed in 309 people from 70 family units residing in the urban area and the rural area of the city of General Mansilla.Each of them was surveyed so as to register personal,environmental and sociocultural data.Questions about the presence or absence of anal itch,abdominal pain and sleeping disorder were also asked.Significant associations were determined by square chi tests.Logistic regression models were adjusted by using a backward conditional stepwise method to determine the presence of this parasite in the individuals and in the families. RESULTS:The parasites were found in 29.12%(90/309) of the individuals,with a frequency of 14.28%(20/140) among the heads of the families and of 41.42%(70/169) among the children.The only variables showing a significant association were affiliation,where the risk category was “being the son/daughter of”,and the symptoms were abdominal pain,sleeping disorder,and anal itch.Families with a member infected with parasite were considered Positive Families(PF)and they were 40/70(57.14%),only 5%(2/40)of the PF had 100% of their members infected with the parasite.The logistic regression models applied showed that the risk categories were mainly affiliation(son/daughter) and housing(satisfactory)among others. CONCLUSION:The presence of E.vermiculariswas proved in one third of the studied population.The frequency of families with all their members infected with the parasite was very low.Most of the studied personal,sociocultural, and environmental variables did not turn out to be significantly associated with the presence of the parasite.An association with the category of“son/daughter”and housing classified as“satisfactory”was determined.The latter may be due to the fact that the people living in that category of housing have hygienic practices at home that favour the distribution of the eggs in the environment.The presence of the analysed symptoms was associated with the presence of the parasite, thus strengthening the need of periodical control of the population showing at least one of these symptoms.

Risk factors for Enterobius vermicularis infection in children in Gaozhou, Guangdong, China

Background:Enterobius vermicularis infection is a prevalent intestinal parasitic disease in children.In this study,we explored the epidemiological status and risk factors for E.vermicularis infection in children in southern China.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Gaozhou city,Guangdong province,China,in December 2011.Children aged 2–12 years from five schools participated in the study.The adhesive cellophane-tape perianal swab method was applied to detect E.vermicularis infection,while a questionnaire was sent to each child’s guardian(s)to collect demographic and socioeconomic data,as well as hygiene behaviors,pertaining to each child.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to capture the potential risk factors.Results:Out of the 802 children surveyed,440 were infected with E.vermicularis,with an average prevalence of 54.86%,and a range from 45.96 to 68.13%.The age variable was found to be statistically significant,whereas the sex variable was not.It was found that a mother’s education level(low)and not washing hands before dinner were major risk factors in all children(802).After stratification by age,a father’s education level(primary or below)and biting pencils(or toys)were significant risk factors in the younger children(508),while not washing hands before dinner and playing on the ground were important risk factors in the older children(294).Conclusion:This study demonstrates the prevalence of E.vermicularis infection in children in Gaozhou and reveals underlying risk factors.Most importantly,it reveals that risk factors differ among the different age groups,which indicates that different control measures targeted at particular age groups should be implemented.

Unusual histopathological findings in appendectomy specimens:A retrospective analysis and literature review

AIM: To document unusual findings in appendectomy specimens. METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 5262 patients who underwent appendectomies for presumed acute appendicitis from January 2006 to October 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Appendectomies performed as incidental procedures during some other operation were excluded. We focused on 54 patients who had unusual findings in their appendectomy specimens. We conducted a literature review via the PubMed and Google Scholar databases of English language studies published between 2000 and 2010 on unusual findings in appendectomy specimens. RESULTS: Unusual findings were determined in 54 (1%) cases by histopathology. Thirty were male and 24 were female with ages ranging from 15 to 84 years (median, 32.2 ± 15.1 years). Final pathology revealed 37 cases of enterobiasis, five cases of carcinoids, four mucinous cystadenomas, two eosinophilic infiltrations, two mucoceles, two tuberculosis, one goblet-cell carcinoid, and one neurogenic hyperplasia. While 52 patients underwent a standard appendectomy, two patients who were diagnosed with tuberculous appendicitis underwent a right hemicolectomy. All tumors were located at the distal part of the appendix with a mean diameter of 6.8 mm (range, 4-10 mm). All patients with tumors were alive and disease-free during a mean follow-up of 17.8 mo. A review of 1366 cases reported in the English literature is also discussed. CONCLUSION: Although unusual pathological findings are seldom seen during an appendectomy, all appendectomy specimens should be sent for routine histopathological examination.

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Jenin Governorate,Palestine:a 10-year retrospective study

Objective:To assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites among Jenin Govemorate(Northern Palestine) population.Methods:A retrospective laboratory analysis of stool specimens was carried out for intestinal parasite examination in Jenin Governmental Hospital,Jenin Govemorate,Northern Palestine.The records were collected from the clinical microbiology laboratory of the Jenin Governmental Hospital between January 2000 and December 2009. Results:Our retrospective study showed that the prevalence of intestinal parasite infection during 10 years ranged from 32.0-41.5%.There are at least 7 different parasites encountered.The most common pathogenic parasites identified were:Entamoeba histolytica(8.2-18.2%),Enterobius vermicularis(15.6-28.9%).The other parasites present were Giardia lamblia,Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis,Taenia species and Ancylostoma duodenale.(Hookworms).Conclusions: Intestinal parasitic infection is an important public health problem in Jenin govemorate, Palestine.It is necessary to develop effective prevention and control strategies including health education and environmental sanitation improvement.

Kindergarten Teacher’s Knowledge of Enterobiasis in Korea

Previous reports have suggested that the environment of day care centres is a crucial factor in the development of enterobiasis. There is a lack of data regarding a teacher’s knowledge about enterobiasis although kindergarten teachers have the greatest influence on a child’s habits because the child spends a lot of time with them and because they manage the child’s physical environment. The focus of the present study was to evaluate the kindergarten teacher’s level of knowledge regarding enterobiasis. The cross-sectional survey is with 287 kindergarten teachers from 36 kindergartens in Korea. The level of knowledge regarding Enterobius vermicularis infection was measured using questionnaires. The percentage of correct answers to questions testing knowledge of enterobiasis ranged from 23.7 percent to 99.3 percent. The average score for the section on knowledge of enterobiasis was 7.85 (possible range: 0-12). The question “enterobiasis occurs through contaminated water” had the least correct answer rate (23.7%). The findings of this study suggest the need for increasing the kindergarten teacher’s knowledge regarding enterobiasis. Educational programs for kindergarten teachers will have a long-term impact on the prevalence of this infection.