Foreground Detection Based on Nonlinear Independent Component Analysis

Motionless foreground objects are key targets in applications of home care monitoring and abandoned object detection, and pose a great challenge to foreground detection. Most algorithms incorporate the motionless foreground objects into their background models because they have to adapt to environmental changes. To overcome this challenge, a foreground detection method based on nonlinear independent component analysis （ICA） was proposed. Considering that each video frame was actually a nonlinear mixture of the background image and the foreground image, the nonlinear ICA was employed to accurately separate the independent components from each frame. Then, the entropy of grayscale image was calculated to classify which resulting independent component was the foreground image. The proposed nonlinear ICA model was trained offiine and this model was not updated online, so the method can cope with the motionless foreground objects. Experimental results demonstrate that, the method achieves remarkable results and outperforms several advanced methods in dealing with the motionless foreground objects.

Robust video foreground segmentation and face recognition

Face recognition provides a natural visual interface for human computer interaction （HCI） applications. The process of face recognition, however, is inhibited by variations in the appearance of face images caused by changes in lighting, expression, viewpoint, aging and introduction of occlusion. Although various algorithms have been presented for face recognition, face recognition is still a very challenging topic. A novel approach of real time face recognition for HCI is proposed in the paper. In view of the limits of the popular approaches to foreground segmentation, wavelet multi-scale transform based background subtraction is developed to extract foreground objects. The optimal selection of the threshold is automatically determined, which does not require any complex supervised training or manual experimental calibration. A robust real time face recognition algorithm is presented, which combines the projection matrixes without iteration and kernel Fisher discriminant analysis （KFDA） to overcome some difficulties existing in the real face recognition. Superior performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by comparing with other algorithms through experiments. The proposed algorithm can also be applied to the video image sequences of natural HCI.

A 16-bit 1 MSPS SAR ADC with foreground calibration and residual voltage shift strategy

In this paper,a 16-bit 1MSPS foreground calibration successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter(SAR ADC)is developed by the CMOS 0.25μm process.An on-chip all-digital foreground weights calibration technique integrating self-calibration weight measurement with PN port auto-balance technique is designed to improve the performance and lower the costs of the developed SAR ADC.The SAR ADC has a chip area of 2.7×2.4 mm^2,and consumes only 100μW at the 2.5 V supply voltage with 100 KSPS.The INL and DNL are both less than 0.5 LSB.

A Nonparametric Approach to Foreground Detection in Dynamic Backgrounds

Foreground detection is a fundamental step in visual surveillance.However,accurate foreground detection is still a challenging task especially in dynamic backgrounds.In this paper,we present a nonparametric approach to foreground detection in dynamic backgrounds.It uses a history of recently pixel values to estimate background model.Besides,the adaptive threshold and spatial coherence are introduced to enhance robustness against false detections.Experimental results indicate that our approach achieves better performance in dynamic backgrounds compared with several approaches.

On Foreground-Background and Transitivity in Chinese Shiwu(事物) Expository Discourse

Foreground-background and transitivity are very important in discourse linguistics,the features of which vary from types of discourse.Chinese shiwu expository discourse has its own semantic features about foreground-background;and this type of discourse is characterized by low transitivity,especially in foreground.

Foregrounding analysis of The Room

Most of the researches are based on the conversation analysis,turn-taking analysis,and there are a few researches on drama from the perspective of foregrounding stylistics.This essay will combine linguistics and stylistics theories for analyzing the first absurd play of Harold Pinter-The Room,trying to create a new mode to study the stylistic features of drama text.

Foregrounding Features in the Background Introduction Partin Oliver Twist

The theory of foregrounding is a theory of crucial and critical importance in Stylistics.In stylistic analysis,foregrounding refers to the work with literary and artistic importance,especially the deviation of language,prominent in the background which belongs to the normal conventions of language.Charles Dickens is one of the greatest and critical realist writers of the Victorian Age in British.In his representative work Oliver Twist,by the bitter exposure of the terrible conditions in the English workhouse of the time and the cruel treatment of a poor orphan by all sorts of philanthropist,the author criticizes harshly the dark and criminal underworld life and succeeds in calling forth the reader's sympathy for the down-trodden people of the lower classes,especially the children.Through his master skill of the use of foregrounding,Dickens constructs various kinds of background introductions where is full of suspense and symbol,and it seems that all the backgrounds are inseparably closed to the fate of the protagonist,leaving a clue for the reader to pick out the main idea of the total work.This thesis firstly reviews the theory of foregrounding and then analyses the foregrounding using in the background introductions in Oliver Twist,presenting a holistic overview the aim of the author and what he aims at expressing through the intended background description.

Analysis on Pan with us:From the Foregrounding and Cohesion Perspective

The thesis intends to analyze Robert Frost's Pan with us from the foregrounding and cohesion perspective,trying to demonstrate how the poem reflects the poet's the thoughts about the relationship between nature and man,as well as his attitudes towards life.

A FAST FOREGROUND DIGITAL CALIBRATION TECHNIQUE FOR PIPELINED ADC

Digital calibration techniques are widely developed to cancel the non-idealities of the pipelined Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs). This letter presents a fast foreground digital calibration technique based on the analysis of error sources which influence the resolution of pipelined ADCs. This method estimates the gain error of the ADC prototype quickly and calibrates the ADC simultaneously in the operation time. Finally, a 10 bit, 100 Ms/s pipelined ADC is implemented and calibrated. The simulation results show that the digital calibration technique has its efficiency with fewer operation cycles.

The Lateral Occipital Complex is Activated by Melody with Accompaniment: Foreground and Background Segregation in Auditory Processing

Objective: Most of the western music consists of a melody and an accompaniment. The melody is referred to as the foreground, with the accompaniment the background. In visual processing, the lateral occipital complex (LOC) is known to participate in foreground and background segregation. We investigated the role of LOC in music processing with use of positron emission tomography (PET). Method: Musically na?ve subjects listened to unfamiliar novel melodies with (accompaniment condition) and without the accompaniment (melodic condition). Using a PET subtraction technique, we studied changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during the accompaniment condition compared to the melodic condition. Results: The accompanyment condition was associated with bilateral increase of rCBF at the lateral and medial surfaces of both occipital lobes, medial parts of fusiform gyri, cingulate gyri, precentral gyri, insular cortices, and cerebellum. During the melodic condition, the activation at the anterior and posterior portions of the temporal lobes, medial surface of the frontal lobes, inferior frontal gyri, orbitofrontal cortices, inferior parietal lobules, and cerebellum was observed. Conclusions: The LOC participates in recognition of melody with accompaniment, a phenomenon that can be regarded as foreground and background segregation in auditory processing. The fusiform cortex which was known to participate in the color recognition might be activated by the recognition of flourish sounds by the accompaniment, compared to melodic condition. It is supposed that the LOC and fusiform cortex play similar functions beyond the difference of sensory modalities.

An Analysis of Sweet and Low from the Perspective of Foregrounding

In Sweet and Low,it illustrates a beautiful and awaiting image with simple words and only 16 lines. The analysis of Sweet and Low from foregrounding,especially from linguistic overregularity is been concentrated on to explore the theme and image in deep and raise the ability of appreciation for the poem.

Foregrounded Beauty: A Brief Analysis of Cummings' Typical Poems from the Perspective of Stylistics

E. E. Cummings is one of the representatives of American modern experimental poets whose poems are well-known for the unique style. Cummings endeavors to make his poems be different from other poets'. He broke the traditional way of writing poems, invented in the changing of lines of the poem and the spelling of the words in the poem, thus to make his personal poem style distinctive. Therefore, standing on the stylistic point of view, this paper makes a brief analysis on Cummings' typical poems from foregrounding perspective.

The Form of Literary Translation——“Foregrounding Translation” and the Translator's Poetic Entry

From the epistemological perspective translating sense is to pursue truth,while translating flavor is to pursue beauty.Rational knowledge is aimed at"fidelity";perceptive knowledge the"beauty".Literary language approaches fidelity because of beauty while non-literary language approaches beauty because of its fidelity.

A Linguistic Analysis of the Foregrounding Features in Seeing People off

Foregrounding Feature is a very obvious phenomenon in literature work.This paper aims to analyze the foregrounding features(hyperbole,irony,symbolism,repetition and parallelism)in the story Seeing People off based on the Foregrounding Theory.

ForegroundNet:一种基于语义与动态特征的前景检测算法

针对以往的前景检测方法对场景信息依赖较多的问题,提出了一种实时的无需迭代更新背景模型的前景检测深度学习模型ForegroundNet。ForegroundNet首先通过骨干网络从当前图像和辅助图像中提取语义特征,辅助图像为相邻的图像帧或者是自动生成的视频背景图像;然后将提取得到的特征输入到包含短连接的反卷积网络中,使得最终特征图在与输入图像具有相同的大小,并且包含不同尺度的语义及动态特征;最后使用softmax层进行二值分类,得到最终检测结果。在CDNet数据集上进行的实验结果表明,相比于当前F值为0.82的次优方法,ForegroundNet能够获得0.94的F值,具有更高的检测精度;同时ForegroundNet检测速度达到123 fps,具有良好的实时性。

关于“突出”(foregrounding)的三个关键问题

突出既包括对常规语言的偏离 /变异 ,也包括对常规形式的使用或频繁使用 ,即广义上的排比。突出与常规是相对而言的 ,尤其是在标准语言和诗学语言之间。诗歌语言中对常规语言的偏离在诗歌范畴里是常规 ,而不是突出。因此 ,突出是有相对性的。值得注意的是 ,并非所有的突出都是文体特征 ,只有那些被意义促动的特征才是具有艺术性的文体特征。

A Literature Review of the Research On Foregrounding in China

This paper aims to make a concise summary of the research on foregrounding in China over the past decade. The research on foregrounding in China can be mainly classified into four categories according to different focuses.

A high-resolution self-consistent whole sky foreground model

The neutral hydrogen 21 cm line is potentially a very powerful probe of the observable universe, and a number of on-going experiments are trying to detect it at cosmological distances. However, the presence of strong foreground radiations such as the galactic synchrotron radiation, galactic free-free emission and extragalactic radio sources make it a very challenging task.For the design of 21 cm experiments and analysis of their data, simulation is an essential tool, and good sky foreground model is needed. With existing data the whole sky maps are available only in low angular resolutions or for limited patches of sky,which is inadequate in the simulation of these new 21 cm experiments. In this paper, we present the method of constructing a high resolution self-consistent sky model at low frequencies, which incorporates both diffuse foreground and point sources.Our diffuse map is constructed by generating physical foreground components including the galactic synchrotron emission and galactic free-free emission. The point source sample is generated using the actual data from the NRAO VLA Sky Survey(NVSS)and the Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey(SUMSS) where they are available and complete in flux limit, and mock point sources according to statistical distributions. The entire model is made self-consistent by removing the integrated flux of the point sources from the diffuse map so that this part of radiation is not double counted. We show that with the point sources added, a significant angular power is introduced in the mock sky map, which may be important for foreground subtraction simulations.Our sky maps and point source catalogues are available to download.

Bayesian moving object detection in dynamic scenes using an adaptive foreground model

Accurate detection of moving objects is an important step in stable tracking or recognition. By using a nonparametric density estimation method over a joint domain-range representation of image pixels, the correlation between neighboring pixels can be used to achieve high levels of detection accuracy in the presence of dynamic background. However, color similarity between foreground and background will cause many foreground pixels to be misclassified. In this paper, an adaptive foreground model is exploited to detect moving objects in dynamic scenes. The foreground model provides an effective description of foreground by adaptively combining the temporal persistence and spatial coherence of moving objects. Building on the advantages of MAP-MRF (the maximum a posteriori in the Markov random field) decision framework, the proposed method performs well in addressing the challenging problem of missed detection caused by similarity in color between foreground and background pixels. Experimental results on real dynamic scenes show that the proposed method is robust and efficient.

Saliency Detection via Manifold Ranking Based on Robust Foreground

The graph-based manifold ranking saliency detection only relies on the boundary background to extract foreground seeds,resulting in a poor saliency detection result,so a method that obtains robust foreground for manifold ranking is proposed in this paper.First,boundary connectivity is used to select the boundary background for manifold ranking to get a preliminary saliency map,and a foreground region is acquired by a binary segmentation of the map.Second,the feature points of the original image and the filtered image are obtained by using color boosting Harris corners to generate two different convex hulls.Calculating the intersection of these two convex hulls,a final convex hull is found.Finally,the foreground region and the final convex hull are combined to extract robust foreground seeds for manifold ranking and getting final saliency map.Experimental results on two public image datasets show that the proposed method gains improved performance compared with some other classic methods in three evaluation indicators:precision-recall curve,F-measure and mean absolute error.