Dynamic changes in gut dysbiosis and metabolomic dysregulation are associated with immune-complex glomerulonephritis(ICGN).However,an in-depth study on this topic is currently lacking.Herein,we report an ICGN model to...Dynamic changes in gut dysbiosis and metabolomic dysregulation are associated with immune-complex glomerulonephritis(ICGN).However,an in-depth study on this topic is currently lacking.Herein,we report an ICGN model to address this gap.ICGN was induced via the intravenous injection of cationized bovine serum albumin(c-BSA)into Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats for two weeks,after which mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)and losartan were administered orally.Two and six weeks after ICGN establishment,fecal samples were collected and 16S ribosomal DNA(rDNA)sequencing and untargeted metabolomic were conducted.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)was conducted to determine whether gut normali-zation caused by MMF and losartan contributed to their renal protective effects.A gradual decline in microbial diversity and richness was accompanied by a loss of renal function.Approximately 18 genera were found to have significantly different relative abundances between the early and later stages,and Marvinbryantia and Allobaculum were markedly upregulated in both stages.Untargeted metabolomics indicated that the tryptophan metabolism was enhanced in ICGN,characterized by the overproduction of indole and kynurenic acid,while the serotonin pathway was reduced.Administration of losartan and MMF ameliorated microbial dysbiosis and reduced the accumulation of indoxyl conjugates in feces.FMT using feces from animals administered MMF and losartan improved gut dysbiosis by decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes(F/B)ratio but did not improve renal function.These findings indicate that ICGN induces serous gut dysbiosis,wherein an altered tryptophan metabolism may contribute to its pro-gression.MMF and losartan significantly reversed the gut microbial and metabolomic dysbiosis,which partially contributed to their renoprotective effects.展开更多
Post infectious Glomerulonephritis (PIGN) in renal allograft is a rare entity. Only a few Cases have been described in the literature. The post streptococcal glomerulonephritis is the classic example in native kidney....Post infectious Glomerulonephritis (PIGN) in renal allograft is a rare entity. Only a few Cases have been described in the literature. The post streptococcal glomerulonephritis is the classic example in native kidney. A wide variety of organism has been associated with PIGN in renal allograft such as Staphylococcus, Cytomegalovirus and Polyomavirus. We describe one case of Infection associated glomerulonephritis due to Echericha Coli, developed 5 years after kidney transplantation, in 47 years old female patient. The Clinical presentation was characterized by a peripheral edema and high blood pressure, and biological tests showed a nephrotic syndrome, an acute kidney injury, a consumption of Complement fractions. The renal biopsy revealed a diffuse endocapillary cell proliferation with preponderant deposits of C3. Total recovery was achieved 4 months after Methyprednisolone pulse and Cyclophasphamid with antimicrobial treatment.展开更多
Introduction: Glomerular damage during Gougerot-Sjgren syndrome is much rarer than interstitial damage, and is essentially extra-membranous and membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis. Observation: We report the cas...Introduction: Glomerular damage during Gougerot-Sjgren syndrome is much rarer than interstitial damage, and is essentially extra-membranous and membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis. Observation: We report the case of a 44-year-old woman with primary Sjgrens syndrome, confirmed by clinical dryness syndrome, positive anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies, and a salivary gland biopsy revealing grade 4 lymphocytic sialadenitis according to CHISHOLMs classification. Later, the patient developed nephrotic syndrome, along with hypertension. Renal function remained normal with a creatinine level of 9.3 mg/l, and hematuria was absent. Only antinuclear antibodies tested positive, while anti-PLA2R antibodies were negative. A renal biopsy was performed, which was complicated on the same day by hemodynamic instability with hematuria. Renal CT scan with contrast injection revealed a posterior perirenal hematoma without contrast extravasation. Additionally, bilateral renal vein thrombosis was incidentally discovered, suggesting extramembranous glomerulonephritis. The patients hemodynamic status stabilized after fluid resuscitation with isotonic saline solution (0.9%), without the need for blood transfusion. Renal biopsy confirmed extramembranous glomerulonephritis with interstitial fibrosis and minimal tubular atrophy. The initial etiological assessment was negative. The patient was started on oral corticosteroids, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and therapeutic anticoagulation for renal vein thrombosis. The patients condition improved, with the disappearance of the syndrome and spontaneous regression of the hematoma. Discussion: The association of nephrotic syndrome and renal vein thrombosis primarily suggests glomerulopathy, in particular extra-membranous glomerulonephritis. Sjgrens syndrome can be associated with extra-membranous glomerulonephritis without being its direct cause. Like, it is possible that it is a cause of glomerulonephritis, essentially extra membranous and membrano-proliferative. Conclusion: Sjgrens syndrome is generally underestimated cause of glomerulonephritis, which should be considered in cases of extra-membranous glomerulonephritis.展开更多
Hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation is a clinically significant challenge in disease management.This review explores the immunological mechanisms underlying HBV reactivation,emphasizing disease progression and manageme...Hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation is a clinically significant challenge in disease management.This review explores the immunological mechanisms underlying HBV reactivation,emphasizing disease progression and management.It delves into host immune responses and reactivation’s delicate balance,spanning innate and adaptive immunity.Viral factors’disruption of this balance,as are interac-tions between viral antigens,immune cells,cytokine networks,and immune checkpoint pathways,are examined.Notably,the roles of T cells,natural killer cells,and antigen-presenting cells are discussed,highlighting their influence on disease progression.HBV reactivation’s impact on disease severity,hepatic flares,liver fibrosis progression,and hepatocellular carcinoma is detailed.Management strategies,including anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches,are critically analyzed.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy during immunosuppressive treatments is explored alongside novel immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and prevent reactivation.In conclusion,this compre-hensive review furnishes a holistic view of the immunological mechanisms that propel HBV reactivation.With a dedicated focus on understanding its implic-ations for disease progression and the prospects of efficient management stra-tegies,this article contributes significantly to the knowledge base.The more profound insights into the intricate interactions between viral elements and the immune system will inform evidence-based approaches,ultimately enhancing disease management and elevating patient outcomes.The dynamic landscape of management strategies is critically scrutinized,spanning anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy in preventing reactivation during immunosuppressive treatments and the potential of innovative immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and proactively deter reactivation.展开更多
Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification in eukaryotic cells.It is involved in the production of many biologically active glycoproteins and the regulation of protein structure and function.Core fucosy...Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification in eukaryotic cells.It is involved in the production of many biologically active glycoproteins and the regulation of protein structure and function.Core fucosylation plays a vital role in the immune response.Most immune system molecules are core fucosylated glycoproteins such as complements,cluster differentiation antigens,immunoglobulins,cytokines,major histocompatibility complex molecules,adhesion molecules,and immune molecule synthesis-related transcription factors.These core fucosylated glycoproteins play important roles in antigen recognition and clearance,cell adhesion,lymphocyte activation,apoptosis,signal transduction,and endocytosis.Core fucosylation is dominated by fucosyltransferase 8(Fut8),which catalyzes the addition ofα-1,6-fucose to the innermost GlcNAc residue of N-glycans.Fut8 is involved in humoral,cellular,and mucosal immunity.Tumor immunology is associated with aberrant core fucosylation.Here,we summarize the roles and potential modulatory mechanisms of Fut8 in various immune processes of the gastrointestinal system.展开更多
BACKGROUND Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease with a range of clinical manifestations,from a flu-like illness with fever and myalgias to a severe systemic disease with multisystem organ failure.Although renal involv...BACKGROUND Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease with a range of clinical manifestations,from a flu-like illness with fever and myalgias to a severe systemic disease with multisystem organ failure.Although renal involvement is not a common presentation,there have been few cases reporting acute kidney injury from Anaplasmosis.CASE SUMMARY We present a 55-year-old female with anaplasmosis who developed acute kidney injury due to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(MPGN).The patient originally presented with cough and shortness of breath.She was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia and received antibiotics.During the hospital course she developed severe acute renal failure.Initial serological work up didn’t provide any conclusive diagnosis.Hence,she underwent kidney biopsy which showed MPGN pattern suggesting autoimmune,multiple myeloma or infectious etiology.Extensive work up was undertaken which was negative for autoimmune diseases,vasculitis panel,paraproteinemias but tested positive for IgG anaplasma with high titers indicating Anaplasmosis.CONCLUSION Our case shows a unique presentation of severe acute renal failure from MPGN from tick borne illness.MPGN is usually seen with autoimmune diseases,hepatitis C virus infections,paraproteinemias.Hence,we suggest that tick borne illness should also be considered when evaluating acute renal failure cases in tick borne prevalent regions.展开更多
Histamine in food has attracted widespread attention due to the potential toxicity and associated health risk.However,its influences on immunological components,especially the function of key immune cells,are still po...Histamine in food has attracted widespread attention due to the potential toxicity and associated health risk.However,its influences on immunological components,especially the function of key immune cells,are still poorly known.In this work,we explored the effects of exogenous histamine on the function of key immune cells such as intestinal epithelial cells,dendritic cells,and T cells.The results showed that histamine could affect the expression of allergy-related genes in CMT93 cells at a high dose of histamine.Moreover,it’s found that histamine could cause an imbalance in the levels of relevant immune factors secreted by dendritic cells and T cells,especially those related to allergy.At the same time,the proportion of MHC class IIpositive dendritic cells and the proportion of T helper 2(Th2)cells in CD4^(+)T cells increased after histamine stimulation.We concluded that the presence of a certain level of histamine in food may affect the expression of allergy-related cytokines,disrupt the balance of the immune homeostasis,and potentially lead to adverse immune reactions.This work demonstrated the importance of including the estimation of histamine’s immune safety in aquatic products rather than merely considering the potential risk of food poisoning.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Rosa laevigata Michx.fruit on rats with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis based on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.Methods:Thirty Wistar rats wer...Objective:To investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Rosa laevigata Michx.fruit on rats with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis based on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.Methods:Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups,a blank control group,a diabetic nephropathy(DN)model group,and an ethanolic extract intervention group,according to the random number table method,with 10 rats in each group.One day before the experiment,basic feeding was initiated for all the rats;the changes in activity and weight of each group of rats were observed and recorded after 7 d,and a rat model of renal function injury was established after 1 d.Results:Compared with the control group,the model group had significantly higher kidney/body ratio,24 h urine protein,serum creatinine(SCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),glomerular mesangial cell(GMC)count,and extracellular matrix(ECM)positive area ratio(P<0.05);the same indicators were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the model group(P<0.05).The NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in renal intrinsic cells was activated in the intervention group.The overactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome is known to promote interleukin(IL)-1βrelease,which was inhibited in the intervention group.Conclusion:The ethanolic extract of Rosa laevigata Michx.fruit has a protective effect on renal intrinsic cells and may be related to NLRP3 inflammasome pathway,suggesting that the fruit of Rosa laevigata Michx.has a potential role in protecting renal intrinsic cells from inflammatory damage.NLRP3 inflammasomes are involved in the development of various chronic inflammatory diseases,such as acute and chronic glomerulonephritis and renal fibrosis.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the article by Meng et al published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases.We comprehensively review immunoglobulin A nephro-pathy(IgAN),including epidemiology,clinical presentation,dia...In this editorial,we comment on the article by Meng et al published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases.We comprehensively review immunoglobulin A nephro-pathy(IgAN),including epidemiology,clinical presentation,diagnosis,and management.IgAN,also known as Berger's disease,is the most frequent type of primary glomerulonephritis(GN)globally.It is mostly found among the Asian population.The presentation can be variable,from microscopic hematuria to a rapidly progressive GN.Around 50%of patients present with single or recurring episodes of gross hematuria.An upper respiratory infection and tonsillitis often precede these episodes.Around 30%of patients present microscopic hematuria with or without proteinuria,usually detected on routine examination.The diagnosis relies on having a renal biopsy for pathology and immunofluorescence microscopy.We focus on risk stratification and management of IgAN.We provide a review of all the landmark studies to date.According to the 2021 KDIGO(kidney disease:Improving Global Outcomes)guidelines,patients with non-variant form IgAN are first treated conservatively for three to six months.This approach consists of adequate blood pressure control,reduction of proteinuria with renin-angiotensin system blockade,treatment of dyslipidemia,and lifestyle modifications(weight loss,exercise,smoking cessation,and dietary sodium restrictions).Following three to six months of conservative therapy,patients are further classified as high or low risk for disease progression.High-risk patients have proteinuria≥1 g/d or<1 g/d with significant microscopic hematuria and active inflammation on kidney biopsy.Some experts consider proteinuria≥2 g/d to be very high risk.Patients with high and very high-risk profiles are treated with immunosuppressive therapy.A proteinuria level of<1 g/d and stable/im-proved renal function indicates a good treatment response for patients on immu-nosuppressive therapy.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of antiviral or corticosteroid treatment on hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN) . METHODS:Six and five trials were used respectively to evaluate the efficacy of either ...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of antiviral or corticosteroid treatment on hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN) . METHODS:Six and five trials were used respectively to evaluate the efficacy of either antiviral or corticosteroid treatment on HBV-GN.Pediatric patients were pooled separately to assess their response to the above treatment modalities.The primary and secondary outcomes were remission of proteinuria and clearance of Hepatitis B e-antigen(HBeAg) ,respectively.A fixed or random effect model was established to collect the data. RESULTS:The remission rate of proteinuria(RR=1.69,95%CI:1.08-2.65) and the clearance rate of HBeAg(RR =6.44,95%CI:3.11-13.35) were significantly higher in antiviral treatment group than in control group.The proteinuria remission was significantly associated with HBeAg clearance(P=0.002) .However,the difference in proteinuria remission rate was not statistically significant between corticosteroid treatment group and controlgroup(RR=1.45,95%CI:0.68-3.11) .Antiviral therapy could significantly promote the HBeAg clearance in pediatric patients,but neither antiviral nor corticosteroid therapy could significantly decrease proteinuria in pediatric patients compared to controls. CONCLUSION:Antiviral but not corticosteroid treatment can decrease proteinuria and promote HBeAg clearance in HBV-GN patients.展开更多
Objective To study the abnormal reactions of a series of free radicals and the oxidative damages induced by free radical abnormal reactions in the bodies of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Methods Eighty ...Objective To study the abnormal reactions of a series of free radicals and the oxidative damages induced by free radical abnormal reactions in the bodies of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Methods Eighty chronic glomerulonephritis patients (CGNP) and eighty healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in a random control study, in which concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma, lipoperoxides (LPO) in plasma and in erythrocytes, and vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and beta-carotene (?CAR) in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocytes were determined with spectrophotometric assays. Results Compared with the average values of the above biochemical parameters in the HAV group, the average values of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CGNP group were significantly increased (P = 0.0001), while those of VC, VE and -CAR in plasma as well as those of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the CGNP group were significantly decreased (P = 0.0001). Pearson product-moment correlation analysis showed that with increase of the concentration of blood creatinine as well as prolongation of the course of disease in the CGNP, the concentrations of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CGNP increased gradually, while the concentrations of VC, VE and ?CAR in plasma as well as the activities of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the CGNP decreased gradually (P = 0.002454 0.000001). The relative risk ratio (RR) of the above biochemical parameters reflecting oxidative damages in the bodies of CGNP ranged from 6.061 to 72.429. The reliability coefficient (alpha) that the above biochemical parameters were used to reflect the oxidative damages of the CGNP was 0.8137, standardized item alpha = 0.9728, Hotelling抯 T-Squared = 1135680.191, F = 53274.6478, P = 0.000001. Conclusions The findings in this study show that in the bodies of CGNP a series of free radical chain reactions result in severe pathological aggravation and induce oxidative damages in their bodies. Therefore, suitable dose of antioxidants should be supplemented to them so as to alleviate oxidative damages in their bodies.展开更多
This paper presents a computer immunology model for computer security, whose main components are defined as idea of Multi Agent. It introduces the natural immune system on the principle, discusses the idea and chara...This paper presents a computer immunology model for computer security, whose main components are defined as idea of Multi Agent. It introduces the natural immune system on the principle, discusses the idea and characteristics of Multi Agent. It gives a system model, and describes the structure and function of each agent. Also, the communication method between agents is described.展开更多
In view of the availability of new immunosuppression strategies,the recurrence of allograft glomerulonephritis(GN) are reported to be increasing with time post transplantation.Recent advances in understanding the path...In view of the availability of new immunosuppression strategies,the recurrence of allograft glomerulonephritis(GN) are reported to be increasing with time post transplantation.Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of the GN recurrent disease provided a better chance to develop new strategies to deal with the GN recurrence.Recurrent GN diseases manifest with a variable course,stubborn behavior,and poor response to therapy.Some types of GN lead to rapid decline of kidney function resulting in a frustrating return to maintenance dialysis.This subgroup of aggressive diseases actually requires intensive efforts to ascertain their pathogenesis so that strategy could be implemented for better allograft survival.Epidemiology of native glomerulonephritis as the cause of end-stage renal failure and subsequent recurrence of individual glomerulonephritis after renal transplantation was evaluated using data from various registries,and pathogenesis of individual glomerulonephritis is discussed.The following review is aimed to define current protocols of the recurrent primary glomerulonephritis therapy.展开更多
Several decades of research in the area of exercise immunology have shown that the immune system is highly responsive to acute and chronic exercise training.Moderate exercise bouts enhance immunosurveillance and when ...Several decades of research in the area of exercise immunology have shown that the immune system is highly responsive to acute and chronic exercise training.Moderate exercise bouts enhance immunosurveillance and when repeated over time mediate multiple health benefits.Most of the studies prior to 2010 relied on a few targeted outcomes related to immune function.During the past decade,technologic advances have created opportunities for a multi-omics and systems biology approach to exercise immunology.This article provides an overview of metabolomics,lipidomics,and proteomics as they pertain to exercise immunology,with a focus on immunometabolism.This review also summarizes how the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota can be influenced by exercise,with applications to human health and immunity.Exercise-induced improvements in immune function may play a critical role in countering immunosenescence and the development of chronic diseases,and emerging omics technologies will more clearly define the underlying mechanisms.This review summarizes what is currently known regarding a multi-omics approach to exercise immunology and provides future directions for investigators.展开更多
Summary: To study the efficacy and the mechanism of Colquhoumia root ( Tripterygium hypoglaucure (Le,vL) Hutch) in the treatment of mesangial proliferation glomerulonephritis (MsPGN), SD rats were injected with...Summary: To study the efficacy and the mechanism of Colquhoumia root ( Tripterygium hypoglaucure (Le,vL) Hutch) in the treatment of mesangial proliferation glomerulonephritis (MsPGN), SD rats were injected with anti-thymoeyte serum (ATS) to make MsPGN model (anti-Thyl model). The rats were then divided into 3 groups: normal control group, anti-Thyl model group and treatment group. Histopathologieal (HE, PAS), immunohistoehemieal, RT-PCR technique and computer imaging analysis system were used to evaluate mesangial matrix production, the expression of TGF-β protein and mRNA in the tissues of kidney. Our result showed that proteinuria and the ratio of extraeellular matrix/glomerular capillaries area (ECM/CA) were increased significantly in model group. The expression of both TGF-β protein and mRNA in glomeruli was much higher in model group than in control group (P〈0.01). After the treatment with Colquhoumia root, proteinuria, ECM/CA and the expression of both TGF-β1 protein and mRNA in glomeruli were significantly decreased in treatment group as compared with those in model group. It is concluded that Colquhoumia root is effective in reducing proteinuria and mesangial matrix proliferation in MsPGN and it may achieve these effects by inhibiting the expressions of TGF-β1 protein and mRNA of mesangial cells.展开更多
Various T cells and macrophages as well as cytokines are involved in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis(TB). A better understanding of immunology of TB can not only lead to the discovery of new immunodiagnostic to...Various T cells and macrophages as well as cytokines are involved in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis(TB). A better understanding of immunology of TB can not only lead to the discovery of new immunodiagnostic tools, accelerate and facilitate the assessment of new therapeutic methods, but also find new treatment regimens. In this highlight topic we cover the latest developments in the role of T cells, macrophages, Natural killer(NK) cells, invariant NK T(iN KT) cells and γδ T cells with TB infection. Histologically, TB displays exudative inflammation, proliferative inflammation and productive inflammation depending on the time course. T cells first recognize antigen within the mycobacterially-infected lung, and then activate, differentiate, but the first T cell activation occurs in the draining lymph nodes of the lung. When protective T cells reach sufficient numbers, they can stop bacterial growth. Except for T cells, neutrophils also participate actively in defense against early-phase TB. NK cells are innate lymphocytes which are a first line of defense against mycobacterial infection. Human NK cells use the NKp46, NCRs and NKG2 D receptors to lyse Mycobacterium TB-infected monocytes and alveolar macrophages. NK cells produce not only interferon-γ, but also interleukin(IL)-22, which is induced by IL-15 and DAP-10. iN KT cells show different phenotypes and functions. Many iN KT cells are CD4+,few iN KT cells are CD8+, while an additional fraction of iN KT cells are negative for both CD4 and CD8. γδ T cells represent an early innate defense in antimycobacterial immunity. Studies done in humans and animal models have demonstrated complex patterns of γδ T cell immune responses during chronic TB. Human alveolar macrophages and monocytes can serve as antigen presentation cells for γδ T cells. Furthermore, the predominance of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in TB has been confirmed.展开更多
The intraglomerular distribution of alpha 2-plasmin inhi-bitor (α2-PI), plasminogen (PLG), fibronectin (FN) andfibrinogen related antigen (FRA), were examined in 118 ca-ses of primary or secondary glomerular disease ...The intraglomerular distribution of alpha 2-plasmin inhi-bitor (α2-PI), plasminogen (PLG), fibronectin (FN) andfibrinogen related antigen (FRA), were examined in 118 ca-ses of primary or secondary glomerular disease by immuno-fluorescence method. The plasma concentrations of α2-PI,PLGand FRA were also measured simultaneously. The results ofthis study indicated that there was significant correlationbetween the deposition of α2-PI, PLG, FN, FRA and thedegree of histopathological changes in patients with severeglomerulonephritis. There was no significant correlation be-tween the intensity of α2-PI, PLG, FN and FRA depositionin glomeruli and the serum levels of α2-PI, PLG and FRA.展开更多
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an intermediate product of methionine formed by its demethylation. Hcy can be metabolized via remethylation to methionine or transsulfuration to cysteine which is dependent on several enzymes and...Homocysteine (Hcy) is an intermediate product of methionine formed by its demethylation. Hcy can be metabolized via remethylation to methionine or transsulfuration to cysteine which is dependent on several enzymes and cofactors. It is deleterious to blood vessel including glomeruli. Kidney is a major organ that metabolizes Hcy. More than 80% of patients with chronic renal disease develop hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy). Accessible data of plasma Hcy in nephritic syndrome (NS) patients are controversial with increased, decreased and unchanged values reported. In renal patients, plasma Hcy concentration can be reduced by administration of folic acid. Absolute or relative deficiencies of folate, vitamin B6, or vitamin B12 may also play a role. Therefore, plasma Hcy, folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 in children with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) were accessed in this study. Hcy, folic acid vitamin B12, B6 and renal function such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) were analyzed 12 pediatric patients with AGN and 15 age and sex matched healthy children served as controls. The results revealed that a?significant increase in plasma Hcy in children with acute AGN when compared with controls. For simple regression analysis, Hcy was positively correlated with BUN, Cr, ferritin and uric acid but negatively correlated with serum glutathione. This research indicated hHcy suggests enhanced risks for inflammation and endothelial injury,?which lead to kidney disease. Folic acid has also been shown to improve endothelial function, suggesting an alternative explanation for the effect of folic acid on endothelial function. Careful considerations of not only dietary measures are necessary but also folate and vitamin B supplementation for reducing hHcy in AGN need to be investigated.展开更多
Introduction: Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis (APIGN) can be serious due to its complications that still occur in our countries. In this work, we aimed to study the epidemiological, clinical, biological and e...Introduction: Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis (APIGN) can be serious due to its complications that still occur in our countries. In this work, we aimed to study the epidemiological, clinical, biological and evolutionary aspects of APIGN. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2017 in the pediatric ward of the Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital in Bamako. All children hospitalized for APIGN were included. Results: In two years, we included 10 children aged 7 years old on average;all from low socioeconomic backgrounds. The sex ratio was 1.5. On average, the children spent 15.8 days before our consultation. Edema was the main reason for consultation. We found a history of infection and high blood pressure in 30% each, and renal failure in 10% of the children. Hematuria and proteinuria were detected in 100% and 90%, respectively. Hypocomplementemia was observed in 66.6%. One third of the children had a positive antistreptolysin O. The average duration of hospital stay was 11.2 days. The evolution was favorable in 90%. Kidney failure was the leading cause of death. Conclusion: Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis is still a reality in our context. Emphasis should be put on its prevention by improving the hygienic conditions, detection and the management of infections.展开更多
Objective: We have explored the role of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) in the pathogenesis of chronic glomemlonephritis, and investigated the effect of rhododendron root on the activation of NF-κB. Methods: Thirt...Objective: We have explored the role of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) in the pathogenesis of chronic glomemlonephritis, and investigated the effect of rhododendron root on the activation of NF-κB. Methods: Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a glomerulonephritis model group and a therapy group(glomerulonephritis animals treated with the root of rhododendron). Bovine serum albumin(BSA) nephritis was induced by subcutaneous immunization and daily intraperitoneal administration of BSA. Twenty-four-hour urinary protein and serum creatinine values were measured, and renal pathology was assessed histologically by optical microscopy and electron microscopy. NF-κB activity was determined by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA). Results:Compared with the control rats, glomerulonephritis model rats exhibited a significant increase in both 24 h urinary protein and serum creatinine, and had abnormal renal histology. The administration of the root of rhododendron ameliorated these changes. NF-κB activity in glomerulonephritis model group was greater than that in rhododendron-treated group, and NF-κB activity was greater in both glomerulonephritis groups than in the control group(P 〈 0.01). Conclusion:These observations suggest that NF-κB plays a role in the pathogenesis of chronic glomemlonephritis, and rhododendron root may attenuate renal damages by downregulating the activation of NF- κB in this model.展开更多
基金funds by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS),China(Grant No.:2022-I2M-1e014)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82293684)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.:L232084)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.:2022YFA0806400).
文摘Dynamic changes in gut dysbiosis and metabolomic dysregulation are associated with immune-complex glomerulonephritis(ICGN).However,an in-depth study on this topic is currently lacking.Herein,we report an ICGN model to address this gap.ICGN was induced via the intravenous injection of cationized bovine serum albumin(c-BSA)into Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats for two weeks,after which mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)and losartan were administered orally.Two and six weeks after ICGN establishment,fecal samples were collected and 16S ribosomal DNA(rDNA)sequencing and untargeted metabolomic were conducted.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)was conducted to determine whether gut normali-zation caused by MMF and losartan contributed to their renal protective effects.A gradual decline in microbial diversity and richness was accompanied by a loss of renal function.Approximately 18 genera were found to have significantly different relative abundances between the early and later stages,and Marvinbryantia and Allobaculum were markedly upregulated in both stages.Untargeted metabolomics indicated that the tryptophan metabolism was enhanced in ICGN,characterized by the overproduction of indole and kynurenic acid,while the serotonin pathway was reduced.Administration of losartan and MMF ameliorated microbial dysbiosis and reduced the accumulation of indoxyl conjugates in feces.FMT using feces from animals administered MMF and losartan improved gut dysbiosis by decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes(F/B)ratio but did not improve renal function.These findings indicate that ICGN induces serous gut dysbiosis,wherein an altered tryptophan metabolism may contribute to its pro-gression.MMF and losartan significantly reversed the gut microbial and metabolomic dysbiosis,which partially contributed to their renoprotective effects.
文摘Post infectious Glomerulonephritis (PIGN) in renal allograft is a rare entity. Only a few Cases have been described in the literature. The post streptococcal glomerulonephritis is the classic example in native kidney. A wide variety of organism has been associated with PIGN in renal allograft such as Staphylococcus, Cytomegalovirus and Polyomavirus. We describe one case of Infection associated glomerulonephritis due to Echericha Coli, developed 5 years after kidney transplantation, in 47 years old female patient. The Clinical presentation was characterized by a peripheral edema and high blood pressure, and biological tests showed a nephrotic syndrome, an acute kidney injury, a consumption of Complement fractions. The renal biopsy revealed a diffuse endocapillary cell proliferation with preponderant deposits of C3. Total recovery was achieved 4 months after Methyprednisolone pulse and Cyclophasphamid with antimicrobial treatment.
文摘Introduction: Glomerular damage during Gougerot-Sjgren syndrome is much rarer than interstitial damage, and is essentially extra-membranous and membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis. Observation: We report the case of a 44-year-old woman with primary Sjgrens syndrome, confirmed by clinical dryness syndrome, positive anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies, and a salivary gland biopsy revealing grade 4 lymphocytic sialadenitis according to CHISHOLMs classification. Later, the patient developed nephrotic syndrome, along with hypertension. Renal function remained normal with a creatinine level of 9.3 mg/l, and hematuria was absent. Only antinuclear antibodies tested positive, while anti-PLA2R antibodies were negative. A renal biopsy was performed, which was complicated on the same day by hemodynamic instability with hematuria. Renal CT scan with contrast injection revealed a posterior perirenal hematoma without contrast extravasation. Additionally, bilateral renal vein thrombosis was incidentally discovered, suggesting extramembranous glomerulonephritis. The patients hemodynamic status stabilized after fluid resuscitation with isotonic saline solution (0.9%), without the need for blood transfusion. Renal biopsy confirmed extramembranous glomerulonephritis with interstitial fibrosis and minimal tubular atrophy. The initial etiological assessment was negative. The patient was started on oral corticosteroids, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and therapeutic anticoagulation for renal vein thrombosis. The patients condition improved, with the disappearance of the syndrome and spontaneous regression of the hematoma. Discussion: The association of nephrotic syndrome and renal vein thrombosis primarily suggests glomerulopathy, in particular extra-membranous glomerulonephritis. Sjgrens syndrome can be associated with extra-membranous glomerulonephritis without being its direct cause. Like, it is possible that it is a cause of glomerulonephritis, essentially extra membranous and membrano-proliferative. Conclusion: Sjgrens syndrome is generally underestimated cause of glomerulonephritis, which should be considered in cases of extra-membranous glomerulonephritis.
文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation is a clinically significant challenge in disease management.This review explores the immunological mechanisms underlying HBV reactivation,emphasizing disease progression and management.It delves into host immune responses and reactivation’s delicate balance,spanning innate and adaptive immunity.Viral factors’disruption of this balance,as are interac-tions between viral antigens,immune cells,cytokine networks,and immune checkpoint pathways,are examined.Notably,the roles of T cells,natural killer cells,and antigen-presenting cells are discussed,highlighting their influence on disease progression.HBV reactivation’s impact on disease severity,hepatic flares,liver fibrosis progression,and hepatocellular carcinoma is detailed.Management strategies,including anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches,are critically analyzed.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy during immunosuppressive treatments is explored alongside novel immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and prevent reactivation.In conclusion,this compre-hensive review furnishes a holistic view of the immunological mechanisms that propel HBV reactivation.With a dedicated focus on understanding its implic-ations for disease progression and the prospects of efficient management stra-tegies,this article contributes significantly to the knowledge base.The more profound insights into the intricate interactions between viral elements and the immune system will inform evidence-based approaches,ultimately enhancing disease management and elevating patient outcomes.The dynamic landscape of management strategies is critically scrutinized,spanning anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy in preventing reactivation during immunosuppressive treatments and the potential of innovative immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and proactively deter reactivation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32171279Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,No.2022-BS-254,and No.2022-MS-317the Project of Dalian Medical Science Research,No.2012026.
文摘Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification in eukaryotic cells.It is involved in the production of many biologically active glycoproteins and the regulation of protein structure and function.Core fucosylation plays a vital role in the immune response.Most immune system molecules are core fucosylated glycoproteins such as complements,cluster differentiation antigens,immunoglobulins,cytokines,major histocompatibility complex molecules,adhesion molecules,and immune molecule synthesis-related transcription factors.These core fucosylated glycoproteins play important roles in antigen recognition and clearance,cell adhesion,lymphocyte activation,apoptosis,signal transduction,and endocytosis.Core fucosylation is dominated by fucosyltransferase 8(Fut8),which catalyzes the addition ofα-1,6-fucose to the innermost GlcNAc residue of N-glycans.Fut8 is involved in humoral,cellular,and mucosal immunity.Tumor immunology is associated with aberrant core fucosylation.Here,we summarize the roles and potential modulatory mechanisms of Fut8 in various immune processes of the gastrointestinal system.
文摘BACKGROUND Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease with a range of clinical manifestations,from a flu-like illness with fever and myalgias to a severe systemic disease with multisystem organ failure.Although renal involvement is not a common presentation,there have been few cases reporting acute kidney injury from Anaplasmosis.CASE SUMMARY We present a 55-year-old female with anaplasmosis who developed acute kidney injury due to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(MPGN).The patient originally presented with cough and shortness of breath.She was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia and received antibiotics.During the hospital course she developed severe acute renal failure.Initial serological work up didn’t provide any conclusive diagnosis.Hence,she underwent kidney biopsy which showed MPGN pattern suggesting autoimmune,multiple myeloma or infectious etiology.Extensive work up was undertaken which was negative for autoimmune diseases,vasculitis panel,paraproteinemias but tested positive for IgG anaplasma with high titers indicating Anaplasmosis.CONCLUSION Our case shows a unique presentation of severe acute renal failure from MPGN from tick borne illness.MPGN is usually seen with autoimmune diseases,hepatitis C virus infections,paraproteinemias.Hence,we suggest that tick borne illness should also be considered when evaluating acute renal failure cases in tick borne prevalent regions.
基金financially supported by the Key Project of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LZ22C200003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072290)。
文摘Histamine in food has attracted widespread attention due to the potential toxicity and associated health risk.However,its influences on immunological components,especially the function of key immune cells,are still poorly known.In this work,we explored the effects of exogenous histamine on the function of key immune cells such as intestinal epithelial cells,dendritic cells,and T cells.The results showed that histamine could affect the expression of allergy-related genes in CMT93 cells at a high dose of histamine.Moreover,it’s found that histamine could cause an imbalance in the levels of relevant immune factors secreted by dendritic cells and T cells,especially those related to allergy.At the same time,the proportion of MHC class IIpositive dendritic cells and the proportion of T helper 2(Th2)cells in CD4^(+)T cells increased after histamine stimulation.We concluded that the presence of a certain level of histamine in food may affect the expression of allergy-related cytokines,disrupt the balance of the immune homeostasis,and potentially lead to adverse immune reactions.This work demonstrated the importance of including the estimation of histamine’s immune safety in aquatic products rather than merely considering the potential risk of food poisoning.
基金This work was supported by the Health Commission of Hebei Province under the project Chuanxiong Extract Improves Inflammatory Response in Rats with Pyelonephritis Through IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Pathway(Project Number:20231486).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Rosa laevigata Michx.fruit on rats with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis based on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.Methods:Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups,a blank control group,a diabetic nephropathy(DN)model group,and an ethanolic extract intervention group,according to the random number table method,with 10 rats in each group.One day before the experiment,basic feeding was initiated for all the rats;the changes in activity and weight of each group of rats were observed and recorded after 7 d,and a rat model of renal function injury was established after 1 d.Results:Compared with the control group,the model group had significantly higher kidney/body ratio,24 h urine protein,serum creatinine(SCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),glomerular mesangial cell(GMC)count,and extracellular matrix(ECM)positive area ratio(P<0.05);the same indicators were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the model group(P<0.05).The NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in renal intrinsic cells was activated in the intervention group.The overactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome is known to promote interleukin(IL)-1βrelease,which was inhibited in the intervention group.Conclusion:The ethanolic extract of Rosa laevigata Michx.fruit has a protective effect on renal intrinsic cells and may be related to NLRP3 inflammasome pathway,suggesting that the fruit of Rosa laevigata Michx.has a potential role in protecting renal intrinsic cells from inflammatory damage.NLRP3 inflammasomes are involved in the development of various chronic inflammatory diseases,such as acute and chronic glomerulonephritis and renal fibrosis.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article by Meng et al published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases.We comprehensively review immunoglobulin A nephro-pathy(IgAN),including epidemiology,clinical presentation,diagnosis,and management.IgAN,also known as Berger's disease,is the most frequent type of primary glomerulonephritis(GN)globally.It is mostly found among the Asian population.The presentation can be variable,from microscopic hematuria to a rapidly progressive GN.Around 50%of patients present with single or recurring episodes of gross hematuria.An upper respiratory infection and tonsillitis often precede these episodes.Around 30%of patients present microscopic hematuria with or without proteinuria,usually detected on routine examination.The diagnosis relies on having a renal biopsy for pathology and immunofluorescence microscopy.We focus on risk stratification and management of IgAN.We provide a review of all the landmark studies to date.According to the 2021 KDIGO(kidney disease:Improving Global Outcomes)guidelines,patients with non-variant form IgAN are first treated conservatively for three to six months.This approach consists of adequate blood pressure control,reduction of proteinuria with renin-angiotensin system blockade,treatment of dyslipidemia,and lifestyle modifications(weight loss,exercise,smoking cessation,and dietary sodium restrictions).Following three to six months of conservative therapy,patients are further classified as high or low risk for disease progression.High-risk patients have proteinuria≥1 g/d or<1 g/d with significant microscopic hematuria and active inflammation on kidney biopsy.Some experts consider proteinuria≥2 g/d to be very high risk.Patients with high and very high-risk profiles are treated with immunosuppressive therapy.A proteinuria level of<1 g/d and stable/im-proved renal function indicates a good treatment response for patients on immu-nosuppressive therapy.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30772360
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of antiviral or corticosteroid treatment on hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN) . METHODS:Six and five trials were used respectively to evaluate the efficacy of either antiviral or corticosteroid treatment on HBV-GN.Pediatric patients were pooled separately to assess their response to the above treatment modalities.The primary and secondary outcomes were remission of proteinuria and clearance of Hepatitis B e-antigen(HBeAg) ,respectively.A fixed or random effect model was established to collect the data. RESULTS:The remission rate of proteinuria(RR=1.69,95%CI:1.08-2.65) and the clearance rate of HBeAg(RR =6.44,95%CI:3.11-13.35) were significantly higher in antiviral treatment group than in control group.The proteinuria remission was significantly associated with HBeAg clearance(P=0.002) .However,the difference in proteinuria remission rate was not statistically significant between corticosteroid treatment group and controlgroup(RR=1.45,95%CI:0.68-3.11) .Antiviral therapy could significantly promote the HBeAg clearance in pediatric patients,but neither antiviral nor corticosteroid therapy could significantly decrease proteinuria in pediatric patients compared to controls. CONCLUSION:Antiviral but not corticosteroid treatment can decrease proteinuria and promote HBeAg clearance in HBV-GN patients.
文摘Objective To study the abnormal reactions of a series of free radicals and the oxidative damages induced by free radical abnormal reactions in the bodies of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Methods Eighty chronic glomerulonephritis patients (CGNP) and eighty healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in a random control study, in which concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma, lipoperoxides (LPO) in plasma and in erythrocytes, and vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and beta-carotene (?CAR) in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocytes were determined with spectrophotometric assays. Results Compared with the average values of the above biochemical parameters in the HAV group, the average values of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CGNP group were significantly increased (P = 0.0001), while those of VC, VE and -CAR in plasma as well as those of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the CGNP group were significantly decreased (P = 0.0001). Pearson product-moment correlation analysis showed that with increase of the concentration of blood creatinine as well as prolongation of the course of disease in the CGNP, the concentrations of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CGNP increased gradually, while the concentrations of VC, VE and ?CAR in plasma as well as the activities of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the CGNP decreased gradually (P = 0.002454 0.000001). The relative risk ratio (RR) of the above biochemical parameters reflecting oxidative damages in the bodies of CGNP ranged from 6.061 to 72.429. The reliability coefficient (alpha) that the above biochemical parameters were used to reflect the oxidative damages of the CGNP was 0.8137, standardized item alpha = 0.9728, Hotelling抯 T-Squared = 1135680.191, F = 53274.6478, P = 0.000001. Conclusions The findings in this study show that in the bodies of CGNP a series of free radical chain reactions result in severe pathological aggravation and induce oxidative damages in their bodies. Therefore, suitable dose of antioxidants should be supplemented to them so as to alleviate oxidative damages in their bodies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6 0 0 730 4370 0 710 42 )
文摘This paper presents a computer immunology model for computer security, whose main components are defined as idea of Multi Agent. It introduces the natural immune system on the principle, discusses the idea and characteristics of Multi Agent. It gives a system model, and describes the structure and function of each agent. Also, the communication method between agents is described.
文摘In view of the availability of new immunosuppression strategies,the recurrence of allograft glomerulonephritis(GN) are reported to be increasing with time post transplantation.Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of the GN recurrent disease provided a better chance to develop new strategies to deal with the GN recurrence.Recurrent GN diseases manifest with a variable course,stubborn behavior,and poor response to therapy.Some types of GN lead to rapid decline of kidney function resulting in a frustrating return to maintenance dialysis.This subgroup of aggressive diseases actually requires intensive efforts to ascertain their pathogenesis so that strategy could be implemented for better allograft survival.Epidemiology of native glomerulonephritis as the cause of end-stage renal failure and subsequent recurrence of individual glomerulonephritis after renal transplantation was evaluated using data from various registries,and pathogenesis of individual glomerulonephritis is discussed.The following review is aimed to define current protocols of the recurrent primary glomerulonephritis therapy.
文摘Several decades of research in the area of exercise immunology have shown that the immune system is highly responsive to acute and chronic exercise training.Moderate exercise bouts enhance immunosurveillance and when repeated over time mediate multiple health benefits.Most of the studies prior to 2010 relied on a few targeted outcomes related to immune function.During the past decade,technologic advances have created opportunities for a multi-omics and systems biology approach to exercise immunology.This article provides an overview of metabolomics,lipidomics,and proteomics as they pertain to exercise immunology,with a focus on immunometabolism.This review also summarizes how the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota can be influenced by exercise,with applications to human health and immunity.Exercise-induced improvements in immune function may play a critical role in countering immunosenescence and the development of chronic diseases,and emerging omics technologies will more clearly define the underlying mechanisms.This review summarizes what is currently known regarding a multi-omics approach to exercise immunology and provides future directions for investigators.
文摘Summary: To study the efficacy and the mechanism of Colquhoumia root ( Tripterygium hypoglaucure (Le,vL) Hutch) in the treatment of mesangial proliferation glomerulonephritis (MsPGN), SD rats were injected with anti-thymoeyte serum (ATS) to make MsPGN model (anti-Thyl model). The rats were then divided into 3 groups: normal control group, anti-Thyl model group and treatment group. Histopathologieal (HE, PAS), immunohistoehemieal, RT-PCR technique and computer imaging analysis system were used to evaluate mesangial matrix production, the expression of TGF-β protein and mRNA in the tissues of kidney. Our result showed that proteinuria and the ratio of extraeellular matrix/glomerular capillaries area (ECM/CA) were increased significantly in model group. The expression of both TGF-β protein and mRNA in glomeruli was much higher in model group than in control group (P〈0.01). After the treatment with Colquhoumia root, proteinuria, ECM/CA and the expression of both TGF-β1 protein and mRNA in glomeruli were significantly decreased in treatment group as compared with those in model group. It is concluded that Colquhoumia root is effective in reducing proteinuria and mesangial matrix proliferation in MsPGN and it may achieve these effects by inhibiting the expressions of TGF-β1 protein and mRNA of mesangial cells.
文摘Various T cells and macrophages as well as cytokines are involved in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis(TB). A better understanding of immunology of TB can not only lead to the discovery of new immunodiagnostic tools, accelerate and facilitate the assessment of new therapeutic methods, but also find new treatment regimens. In this highlight topic we cover the latest developments in the role of T cells, macrophages, Natural killer(NK) cells, invariant NK T(iN KT) cells and γδ T cells with TB infection. Histologically, TB displays exudative inflammation, proliferative inflammation and productive inflammation depending on the time course. T cells first recognize antigen within the mycobacterially-infected lung, and then activate, differentiate, but the first T cell activation occurs in the draining lymph nodes of the lung. When protective T cells reach sufficient numbers, they can stop bacterial growth. Except for T cells, neutrophils also participate actively in defense against early-phase TB. NK cells are innate lymphocytes which are a first line of defense against mycobacterial infection. Human NK cells use the NKp46, NCRs and NKG2 D receptors to lyse Mycobacterium TB-infected monocytes and alveolar macrophages. NK cells produce not only interferon-γ, but also interleukin(IL)-22, which is induced by IL-15 and DAP-10. iN KT cells show different phenotypes and functions. Many iN KT cells are CD4+,few iN KT cells are CD8+, while an additional fraction of iN KT cells are negative for both CD4 and CD8. γδ T cells represent an early innate defense in antimycobacterial immunity. Studies done in humans and animal models have demonstrated complex patterns of γδ T cell immune responses during chronic TB. Human alveolar macrophages and monocytes can serve as antigen presentation cells for γδ T cells. Furthermore, the predominance of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in TB has been confirmed.
文摘The intraglomerular distribution of alpha 2-plasmin inhi-bitor (α2-PI), plasminogen (PLG), fibronectin (FN) andfibrinogen related antigen (FRA), were examined in 118 ca-ses of primary or secondary glomerular disease by immuno-fluorescence method. The plasma concentrations of α2-PI,PLGand FRA were also measured simultaneously. The results ofthis study indicated that there was significant correlationbetween the deposition of α2-PI, PLG, FN, FRA and thedegree of histopathological changes in patients with severeglomerulonephritis. There was no significant correlation be-tween the intensity of α2-PI, PLG, FN and FRA depositionin glomeruli and the serum levels of α2-PI, PLG and FRA.
文摘Homocysteine (Hcy) is an intermediate product of methionine formed by its demethylation. Hcy can be metabolized via remethylation to methionine or transsulfuration to cysteine which is dependent on several enzymes and cofactors. It is deleterious to blood vessel including glomeruli. Kidney is a major organ that metabolizes Hcy. More than 80% of patients with chronic renal disease develop hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy). Accessible data of plasma Hcy in nephritic syndrome (NS) patients are controversial with increased, decreased and unchanged values reported. In renal patients, plasma Hcy concentration can be reduced by administration of folic acid. Absolute or relative deficiencies of folate, vitamin B6, or vitamin B12 may also play a role. Therefore, plasma Hcy, folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 in children with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) were accessed in this study. Hcy, folic acid vitamin B12, B6 and renal function such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) were analyzed 12 pediatric patients with AGN and 15 age and sex matched healthy children served as controls. The results revealed that a?significant increase in plasma Hcy in children with acute AGN when compared with controls. For simple regression analysis, Hcy was positively correlated with BUN, Cr, ferritin and uric acid but negatively correlated with serum glutathione. This research indicated hHcy suggests enhanced risks for inflammation and endothelial injury,?which lead to kidney disease. Folic acid has also been shown to improve endothelial function, suggesting an alternative explanation for the effect of folic acid on endothelial function. Careful considerations of not only dietary measures are necessary but also folate and vitamin B supplementation for reducing hHcy in AGN need to be investigated.
文摘Introduction: Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis (APIGN) can be serious due to its complications that still occur in our countries. In this work, we aimed to study the epidemiological, clinical, biological and evolutionary aspects of APIGN. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2017 in the pediatric ward of the Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital in Bamako. All children hospitalized for APIGN were included. Results: In two years, we included 10 children aged 7 years old on average;all from low socioeconomic backgrounds. The sex ratio was 1.5. On average, the children spent 15.8 days before our consultation. Edema was the main reason for consultation. We found a history of infection and high blood pressure in 30% each, and renal failure in 10% of the children. Hematuria and proteinuria were detected in 100% and 90%, respectively. Hypocomplementemia was observed in 66.6%. One third of the children had a positive antistreptolysin O. The average duration of hospital stay was 11.2 days. The evolution was favorable in 90%. Kidney failure was the leading cause of death. Conclusion: Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis is still a reality in our context. Emphasis should be put on its prevention by improving the hygienic conditions, detection and the management of infections.
文摘Objective: We have explored the role of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) in the pathogenesis of chronic glomemlonephritis, and investigated the effect of rhododendron root on the activation of NF-κB. Methods: Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a glomerulonephritis model group and a therapy group(glomerulonephritis animals treated with the root of rhododendron). Bovine serum albumin(BSA) nephritis was induced by subcutaneous immunization and daily intraperitoneal administration of BSA. Twenty-four-hour urinary protein and serum creatinine values were measured, and renal pathology was assessed histologically by optical microscopy and electron microscopy. NF-κB activity was determined by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA). Results:Compared with the control rats, glomerulonephritis model rats exhibited a significant increase in both 24 h urinary protein and serum creatinine, and had abnormal renal histology. The administration of the root of rhododendron ameliorated these changes. NF-κB activity in glomerulonephritis model group was greater than that in rhododendron-treated group, and NF-κB activity was greater in both glomerulonephritis groups than in the control group(P 〈 0.01). Conclusion:These observations suggest that NF-κB plays a role in the pathogenesis of chronic glomemlonephritis, and rhododendron root may attenuate renal damages by downregulating the activation of NF- κB in this model.