Day-to-Day Variability of H Component of Geomagnetic Field in Central African Sector Provided by Yaoundé-Cameroon Amber Station

The geomagnetic data obtained from Amber Network station in Cameroon have been used for this study. The variability of H component of geomagnetic field has been examined by using geomagnetic field data of X and Y components recorded at AMBER magnetometer station hosted by the Department of Physics of University of Yaoundé (3.87°N, 11.52°E). The day-to-day variability of the horizontal intensity of the geomagnetic field was examined and shows that the scattering of H component of magnetic field variation is more on disturbed than that on quiet condition. The signatures H of geomagnetic Sq and Sd variations in intensities in the geomagnetic element, has been studied. This study shows that the daytime variations in intensities of geomagnetic elements H, Sq(H) and Sd(H) respectively are generally greater than night-time ones. This paper interests answering the two questions: 1) how can geomagnetic variations be used to study the equatorial ionosphere electrodynamics and electrojet equatorial over Africa in general and Cameroon in particular? 2) How can geomagnetic variations be used to monitor and predict space weather events in Cameroon? This paper presents and interprets the results of H component of geomagnetic field variations during magnetic storms and on quiet days.

Establishment of Geomagnetic Observatories in Pakistan and Repeat Station Results from Northern Part of Pakistan

A geomagnetic observatory was established at Karachi （geog coord： 24.95°N, 167.14° E）, Pakistan in 1983 which comprised of AMOS-Ⅲ （Automatic Magnetic Observatory System）. In 2006 SUPARCO （Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission） planned to upgrade the old observatory of Karachi in order to qualify it as an IMO （Intermagnet Magnetic Observatory）. Dr. Jean Rasson agreed to give support and assist us in the upgradation. BGS （British Geological Survey） provided a complete observatory instrument setup. Due to perturbations traceable to the increased urbanization, the observatory has been shifted to a site ＂Sonmiani＂, 80 km north-west of Karachi, where long term protection from cultural noise is offered. This site in a sparsely built research complex was selected after a magnetic survey. A new observatory has also been established at Islamabad （geog cord： 33.75° N, 72.87° E） which is mountainous region. SUPARCO purchased new equipment for the establishment of new observatories. Plan of upgradation of observatory at Quetta is also under consideration in order to improve the monitoring of geomagnetic field on the western part of Pakistan. Repeat station work has been done for the northern part of Pakistan with the collaboration of IRM, Belgium. The obtained results also compared with the global geomagnetic model （IGRF）.

Analysis and Study on the Change of the Observed Geo-electric Field Data at Lhasa Geomagnetic Station before and after the Nepal MS8.1 Earthquake

In this paper,the main purpose is to analyze and research the characteristics of the geoelectric field observed data with a long time span and large amplitude abnormal change,at the Lhasa geomagnetic station( hereafter referred to as "Lhasa station "),before and after the Nepal M_S8. 1 strong earthquake,which occurred on April 25,2015. Based on the observation conditions,the observation system,and the observed data of Lhasa station preliminary discussed,the main characteristics of the abnormal change and evolution process are analyzed and studied,using the following two methods; the "synthesis energy accumulation"and the "power as MSA spectrum"analysis,from the two aspects of the"Time Domain"and"Frequency Domain. "The results show that the abnormal change of the geo-electric field observation of Lhasa station experienced a development stage following the process of "trend change- disturbance change- earthquake period-recovery period",and an evolution process of "low frequency change- high frequency change- smooth change- high frequency change ",before and after the Nepal M_S8. 1strong earthquake. Comprehensive analysis shows that the variation characteristics and evolution process of the geo-electric field at Lhasa station are basically consistent with the results of the relevant mechanism and phenomenon research. So far,this is valuable information with certain objectivity,which is typical and representative to reflect the whole process of the gestation, occurrence and complete development of such strongearthquakes.

Results of Geomagnetic Studies on the Problem of Forecasting Strong Earthquakes in Uzbekistan

The article is devoted to the problem of forecasting strong earthquakes by the geomagnetic method. The geomagnetic method is widely used on this problem in seismically active regions of the world as one of the promising, informative and operational geophysical methods. The results of long-term geomagnetic studies on the problem of forecasting strong earthquakes in Uzbekistan are presented. Geomagnetic studies were carried out on the territories of the Tashkent, Ferghana, and Kyzylkum geodynamic polygons in the epicentral zones of strong earthquakes that occurred. Long-term, medium- and short-term precursors of earthquakes have been identified. Anomalous changes in the geomagnetic field associated with the decline in aftershock activity were also revealed. The dependence between the duration of the manifestation of long-term magnetic precursors and the magnitude of earthquakes is determined. Absolute proton magnetometers MMP-1, MV-01 (Russia), and G-856 (USA) were used to measure the geomagnetic field.

Electromagnetic response function for the semi-annual variations estimated by the single-station method using the night-time values of the geomagnetic fields

The geomagnetic night-time values were used to estimate the electromagnetic response function Q1 for half-year period. If the spatial structure of the source field can be described by the approximation, one can estimate the Q1 value using the single-station Z/H method. This technique enables us to carry out regional deep gcomagnetic sounding by the method. The data used for analyses are geomagnetic night-time values for about, typically, 26 years from 5 good-quality stations and for several years from 34 stations distributed over the globe. The results indicate that the night-time values yield more reliable response estimates for half-year period compared to the usual estimates obtained from daily means. It implies that the approximation for the night-time fields holds good for the half-year period, but the daily means are not suitable for estimating the response function of the semi-annual variations by using the single-station method. Source field analyses for daily means data and night-time means data have also been carried out in this paper.

成都地磁台拟迁建台址勘选结果分析

介绍了根据《成都地震基准台地磁台异地新建项目台址勘选工作协议》要求,成都地磁台拟异地迁建新址的勘选过程及初选结果。勘选内容包括备选场地地磁总强度跨度测量、电磁环境背景噪声测量、地磁总强度密跨度测量、场地覆盖层土壤磁性测量等。勘选过程严格执行GB/T 19531.2—2004《地震台站观测环境技术要求第2部分:电磁观测》、DB/T9—2004《地震台站建设规范(地磁台站)》、DB/T 37—2010 《地震台网设计技术要求—地磁观测网》等规范的相关要求,并对勘选结果进行初步分析。分析认为,勘选的备选台址成都市大邑县虎岗村符合地磁台站观测环境技术要求,可以建设地磁台站。

红山台地磁观测车辆干扰特征研究

近年来,红山台地磁观测数据中多次出现因车辆干扰而引起的异常变化,对台站观测资料的完整率产生相当程度的影响。在红山台实地开展车辆干扰影响实验的基础上,本文重点分析了轻型卡车及其他不同类型车辆在公路行驶过程中对地磁观测数据的影响特征。结果表明,车辆对观测数据产生的干扰影响与其使用的材质密切相关,车辆铁磁性材质的磁化率值越大,影响的距离越远。干扰的强度随着距离增大逐渐衰减,轻型卡车在距离测点300 m处、重型卡车在距离测点120 m处,两者的干扰影响基本消失。轻型卡车干扰幅度的理论值和实验值一致性较好,重型卡车干扰幅度的理论值和实验值却相差很大。这种差异可能还与不同类型车辆的构造、大小、体积和设计的差异有关。结合观测数据各分量受车辆干扰所表现的形态,初步判断车辆产生的干扰磁场总体呈现出磁轴与地面平行的偶极子磁场特征。此外,频谱分析表明,D和H分量均在车辆行驶时间段出现明显的谱峰,车辆行驶速度越快频率越高。此项工作可为今后识别地磁观测数据中的车辆干扰影响提供依据。

基准地磁台选定基线值约束方法研究

《地磁站网运行管理技术细则》《电磁学科观测资料质量评比办法》对基准地磁台绝对观测基线值的选定无约束条件或规定,使得观测人员在进行基线值选定时无据可依,容易导致基线值错误,进而导致地磁绝对值错误。通过2种对选定基线值的约束方法,可降低基线值错误率,提高数据质量。2种方法分别为:①直接约束法(选定基线值约束):通过基线值预处理、温漂消除、“2σ”准则等方法,实现对选定基线值的约束和判定,有效率达60%以上;②间接约束法(绝对值约束):通过绝对值预处理、基准线设定、迪克逊准则引入、离群值等概念和算法,实现对异常绝对值的自动判断,进而判定基线值是否正确。

IGRF13和WMM2020模型在亚洲中低纬度地区的精度评估及分析

研究了最新的世界地磁场模型WMM2020和国际地磁参考模型IGRF13与亚洲中低纬度区域地磁台站年均值的一致性,计算该区域地磁台站与其对应的地磁场模型各个地磁要素之间的均方根误差,分析WMM2020与IGRF13两者之间的差异,以此来评估最新的世界地磁场模型WMM2020和国际地磁参考模型IGRF13在亚洲中低纬度地区的适用性。分析结果表明,IGRF13模型与亚洲中低纬度地区大部分地磁台站各地磁要素的年均值符合较好,存在显著的相关性,因此,在亚洲中低纬度地区,将最新的世界地磁场模型WMM2020和国际地磁参考模型IGRF13作为构建地磁异常模型时的参考背景场,或是对主磁场进行相关的改正都具有一定适用性。

地磁场日变化的空间差异对流动观测通化结果的影响

通过对中国西部、西南部和东部几组相邻的地磁台站各地磁要素日变幅的对比分析,发现各台站的地磁要素日变化具有空间差异性,这种差异性特征是趋势变化一致而幅度不同.结合一些实例,分析了野外观测资料用相邻的地磁台站的地磁要素数据通化时,通化结果有差异,并且这些差异与观测时间和观测季节关系密切.在实例中,磁偏角(D)、水平分量(H)、垂直分量(Z)及总强度(F)的通化值差异一般分别达到0.5′、6 nT、4 nT、6 nT,这样的差异值有可能影响震情研判.因此,在地震地磁监测工作中的定点连续观测十分重要,而流动地磁观测只应该作为一种补充和辅助手段.

Investigations of the seismomagnetic effect in the geomagnetic diurnal variations

In this paper we attempt to Abstract seismomagnetic signals from geomagnetic diurnal variations of three components in quiet days before and after great earthquakes. The method employed here is to examine the ratio of apparent depths between two geomagnetic observatories using the single-station Z/H method. We first estimate the apparent depth for the period of 24 h for two observatories which are located at almost the same latitude. Then we analyse the time changes of the apparent-depth-ratio between these stations. In the interval of 1962 1988, the time variation of apparent-depth-ratio between the Beijing and Lanzhou observatories seems to be related to the three great earthquakes occurred near Beijing. Roughly speaking, the anomalous change in apparentdepth-ratio appears to be positive before earthquake, and appears to be negative after earthquake.

高压直流输电对湖北省地磁观测的影响

本文研究2017—2022年湖北省地磁观测受高压直流输电干扰的情况,发现目前有14条线路造成干扰,干扰集中在新线路投运初期,年均受干扰天数约105天。此外,探讨了高压直流输电线路的发展特点和湖北地磁台站布局的合理性,归纳了缓变的4种基本形态,明确了各种干扰形式的处理思路和步骤,发现同一线路对不同台站的干扰幅度,以及对同一台站地磁Z、F分量干扰幅度均线性相关。研究结论有助于提高地磁高压直流干扰数据处理的精度和效率,为进一步开发自动化处理算法积累了理论基础。

拉萨地磁台地磁观测效能和数据校正

基于2017~2019年地磁观测数据,利用多台对比的方法,分析了拉萨地磁台的地磁观测资料。结果显示:拉萨地磁台各分量绝对子夜均值年变化趋势与狮泉河地磁台、乾陵地磁台基本一致;拉萨地磁台日变化曲线存在干扰较多,通过与临近地磁台站对比,可以清晰地识别干扰变化,进而准确地对干扰数据进行校正。

基于虚拟日变台进行地磁矢量数据日变通化方法

流动地震地磁矢量观测是一种获取地震前兆异常的方法,试验研究和观测实例表明,地震孕育引起的地磁场异常变化量级较小,因此在观测、数据处理过程中都要尽可能消除误差提高精度.本文主要从地磁矢量数据日变通化精度方面开展讨论,首先使用反距离加权插值法由泰安、武汉、崇明、杭州4个地磁台观测资料计算出蒙城地磁台相应的虚拟地磁数据,其磁偏角、水平分量、垂直分量三个要素与真实观测值的相关系数分别高达0.9987、0.9946和0.9806,验证了反距离加权插值方法对地磁观测数据空间插值的有效性.其次,选择东部和西部测区分别使用反距离加权插值方法建立各地磁矢量测点位置的虚拟日变台并用其进行通化,实例计算结果表明,该方法可有效提高日变通化精度,对于地磁台站稀疏地区更具实际应用价值.

中山站高频雷达回波的日变化特征及地磁活动的影响

利用新建中山站高频雷达2010年4月到2011年2月的观测数据,研究了中山站高频雷达回波的日变化特征以及地磁活动的影响.研究结果表明,中山站高频雷达回波具有明显的日变化特征且受地磁活动影响较大.雷达回波发生率的峰值在地磁活动较小时处于日侧;随着地磁活动的增强,峰值减小并向夜侧移动.另外,平均多普勒视线速度具有明显的昼夜分布,夜侧主要为正向速度,即朝向雷达,日侧主要为负向速度,即远离雷达;随着地磁活动的增强,平均回波强度和平均多普勒视线速度的峰值都会增加,而多普勒谱宽则会减小.

南极中山站与北极地磁活动相关性研究

本文利用南极中山站和新奥尔松(NAL)等5个北极站2000年9月到2003年3月共719天的地磁观测数据,以20 min间隔内地磁北向水平分量的互相关系数大于0.9为判据,对南北极地磁活动相关的发生率进行了统计,并与T89地磁模型得到的中山站共轭位置的分布进行了比较.结果表明,南北极地磁活动相关的发生率与台站位置、季节、地方时和地磁活动性有着密切的关系.在北极的5个台站中朗伊尔站(LYR)与中山站地磁相关的时间最多(占17%);在两分季发生相关的情况比冬季和夏季多;在傍晚发生相关的情况最多,中午发生相关的情况最少;地磁活动较强时,相关的情况比地磁宁静时更多一些.

海底地磁日变观测站的设计与应用

采用布设海底地磁日变观测锚系的技术方法,可解决远海区磁测日变改正观测资料问题。重点介绍设立海底地磁日变观测锚系中观测设备的技术特性、锚系设计及这一技术方法在国内的首次应用情况。

1997—2016年中国大陆地区地磁台站观测环境变化定量分析

本文利用CHAOS-6地磁场模型计算1997-2016年中国大陆地区34个地磁台站模型值,分析比较模型计算值与台站实测值之间的差异,利用国际参考场模型IGRF12计算结果进行佐证。结果表明:地磁异常场模量△T作为地磁台站观测环境的一种标志,年变化显示:(1)中国大陆地区34个地磁基准台绝大部分位于地磁正常区或弱磁异常区,只有少数几个地磁台位于强磁异常区;(2)判断1个地磁台的地磁场环境,只测量总强度(F)是不够的,必须进行三分量绝对观测,利用地磁异常场模量△T评价地磁台的地磁场环境更全面、更科学合理。

新沂台地电场与地磁场、连云港台体应变的日变化分析

对新沂地震台地电场与地磁场H分量、连云港地震台体应变进行日变化对比分析,结果表明:新沂台地电场变化受地磁场、固体潮变化的共同作用,其中地电场NS向的变化比地磁场H分量的变化略微滞后,同时夹杂固体潮的作用,其日变形态以双峰单谷为主,还存在双峰双谷、近似三峰三谷形态。EW向日变形态变化与固体潮的变化形态相似,基本都为双峰双谷形态。此外,地电场还存在较明显的季节差异。最后讨论了新沂台地电场变化可能的形成机制。

CHAOS-6模型描述的中国地区地磁长期变化及误差分析

根据CHAOS-6模型,计算了2015年中国地区28个地磁台站的地磁年度变化以及2008.0—2016.5年成都、格尔木、兰州、泰安和通海5个地磁台站的地磁长期变化。分析比较了地磁台站实际观测值与CHAOS-6模型计算值之间的差异,得到两者差值的均值及均方误差。结果表明:CHAOS-6模型描述的中国地区地磁长期变化与地磁台站实际观测的地磁长期变化趋势基本一致,但存在一定的差异,28个台站的磁偏角(D)、磁倾角(I)、地磁总强度(F)、北向分量(X)、东向分量(Y)、水平分量(H)、垂直分量(Z)差值的均值和均方误差的平均值分别为-0.9'/1.7',-29.3'/0.8',-116.3 nT/10.2 nT,264.7 nT/13.6 nT,-27.7 nT/15.0 nT,265.2 nT/13.7 nT,-356.9 nT/8.0 nT。因此,在使用CHAOS-6模型研究中国地区区域问题时,应充分考虑模型的误差大小。