In this paper, a deterministic mathematical model for the spread of HIV/AIDS in a variable size population through horizontal transmission is considered. The existence of a threshold parameter, the basic reproduction ...In this paper, a deterministic mathematical model for the spread of HIV/AIDS in a variable size population through horizontal transmission is considered. The existence of a threshold parameter, the basic reproduction number, is established, and the stability of both the disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium is discussed in terms of R0 .展开更多
To understand the socio-psychological aspects of HIV transmission and gender and caste based AIDS care in India, 100 HIV positive patients and their spouses or sexual partners were included in this study.The individua...To understand the socio-psychological aspects of HIV transmission and gender and caste based AIDS care in India, 100 HIV positive patients and their spouses or sexual partners were included in this study.The individuals were interviewed for their pre-or extramarital sexual exposure with suspected HIV positive persons.They were also interviewed about the barriers,if any,they used,and change in their sexual behaviour with their spouses after they were tested HIV positive.All except three were males who were first detected HIV positive,while 3 women were found HIV positive first and subsequendy dieir male partners were included in the study.Eighty of 97(82.4%) males admittedly acquired HIV through heterosexual route.Of the 80 males,60(75%) acquired HIV infection from organised CSWs and 20 from casual sex partners.Many of these acquired the infection just before their marriages.More than half of these males were infected during only one or two sexual encounters. Sixty out of 75(80%) married males continued to have sex even after knowing their HIV positive status.One male and six female spouses did not get infected even after multiple insertive unprotected sex.The average life span after the diagnosis of HIV infection in Indian males without specific treatment was 4.5±3. 5 yr while in women it was 3.5±2.0 yr,indicating fast progression of AIDS in females,most probably due to gender bias in access to treatment,nutrition,care and also due to hormonal differences.Pulmonary tuberculosis was most common and first clinical presentation of HIV associated opportunistic infection.The study also showed that due to ignorance majority of husbands do not share their HIV positive status with their wives and continue to have unsafe sex.展开更多
This work started out with the in-depth feasibil-ity study and limitation analysis on the current disease spread estimating and countermea-sures evaluating models, then we identify that the population variability is a...This work started out with the in-depth feasibil-ity study and limitation analysis on the current disease spread estimating and countermea-sures evaluating models, then we identify that the population variability is a crucial impact which has been always ignored or less empha-sized. Taking HIV/AIDS as the application and validation background, we propose a novel al-gorithm model system, EEA model system, a new way to estimate the spread situation, evaluate different countermeasures and analyze the development of ARV-resistant disease strains. The model is a series of solvable ordi-nary differential equation (ODE) models to es-timate the spread of HIV/AIDS infections, which not only require only one year’s data to deduce the situation in any year, but also apply the piecewise constant method to employ multi- year information at the same time. We simulate the effects of therapy and vaccine, then evaluate the difference between them, and offer the smallest proportion of the vaccination in the population to defeat HIV/AIDS, especially the advantage of using the vaccination while the deficiency of using therapy separately. Then we analyze the development of ARV-resistant dis-ease strains by the piecewise constant method. Last but not least, high performance computing (HPC) platform is applied to simulate the situa-tion with variable large scale areas divided by grids, and especially the acceleration rate will come to around 4 to 5.5.展开更多
基金partly supported by NSF (201115043) of Jilin Province
文摘In this paper, a deterministic mathematical model for the spread of HIV/AIDS in a variable size population through horizontal transmission is considered. The existence of a threshold parameter, the basic reproduction number, is established, and the stability of both the disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium is discussed in terms of R0 .
文摘To understand the socio-psychological aspects of HIV transmission and gender and caste based AIDS care in India, 100 HIV positive patients and their spouses or sexual partners were included in this study.The individuals were interviewed for their pre-or extramarital sexual exposure with suspected HIV positive persons.They were also interviewed about the barriers,if any,they used,and change in their sexual behaviour with their spouses after they were tested HIV positive.All except three were males who were first detected HIV positive,while 3 women were found HIV positive first and subsequendy dieir male partners were included in the study.Eighty of 97(82.4%) males admittedly acquired HIV through heterosexual route.Of the 80 males,60(75%) acquired HIV infection from organised CSWs and 20 from casual sex partners.Many of these acquired the infection just before their marriages.More than half of these males were infected during only one or two sexual encounters. Sixty out of 75(80%) married males continued to have sex even after knowing their HIV positive status.One male and six female spouses did not get infected even after multiple insertive unprotected sex.The average life span after the diagnosis of HIV infection in Indian males without specific treatment was 4.5±3. 5 yr while in women it was 3.5±2.0 yr,indicating fast progression of AIDS in females,most probably due to gender bias in access to treatment,nutrition,care and also due to hormonal differences.Pulmonary tuberculosis was most common and first clinical presentation of HIV associated opportunistic infection.The study also showed that due to ignorance majority of husbands do not share their HIV positive status with their wives and continue to have unsafe sex.
文摘This work started out with the in-depth feasibil-ity study and limitation analysis on the current disease spread estimating and countermea-sures evaluating models, then we identify that the population variability is a crucial impact which has been always ignored or less empha-sized. Taking HIV/AIDS as the application and validation background, we propose a novel al-gorithm model system, EEA model system, a new way to estimate the spread situation, evaluate different countermeasures and analyze the development of ARV-resistant disease strains. The model is a series of solvable ordi-nary differential equation (ODE) models to es-timate the spread of HIV/AIDS infections, which not only require only one year’s data to deduce the situation in any year, but also apply the piecewise constant method to employ multi- year information at the same time. We simulate the effects of therapy and vaccine, then evaluate the difference between them, and offer the smallest proportion of the vaccination in the population to defeat HIV/AIDS, especially the advantage of using the vaccination while the deficiency of using therapy separately. Then we analyze the development of ARV-resistant dis-ease strains by the piecewise constant method. Last but not least, high performance computing (HPC) platform is applied to simulate the situa-tion with variable large scale areas divided by grids, and especially the acceleration rate will come to around 4 to 5.5.
