Dry Matter Partitioning and Harvest Index Differ in Rice Genotypes with Variable Rates of Phosphorus and Zinc Nutrition

Phosphorus （P） and zinc （Zn） deficiencies are the major problems that decrease crop productivity under rice-wheat cropping system. Field experiments were conducted to investigate impacts of P （0, 40, 80 and 120 kg/hm^2） and Zn levels （0, 5, 10 and 15 kg/hm^2） on dry matter （DM） accumulation and partitioning, and harvest index of three rice genotypes ＇fine （Bamati-385） vs. coarse （F-Malakand and Pukhraj）＇ at various growth stages （tiliering, heading and physiological maturity）. The experiments were conducted at farmers＇ field at Batkhela in Northwestern Pakistan for two years in summer 2011 and 2012. The two year pooled data reveled that there were no differences in percent of DM partitioning into leaves and culms with application of different P and Zn levels, and genotypes at tillering. The highest P level （120 kg/hm^2） partitioned more DM into panicles than leaves and culms at heading and physiological maturity stages. The highest Zn level （15 kg/hm^2） accumulated more DM and partitioned more DM into panicles than leaves and culms at heading and physiological maturity stages. The hybrid rice （Pukhraj） produced and partitioned more DM into panicles than F-Malakand and Bamati-385 at heading and physiological maturity stages. Higher DM accumulation and greater amounts of partitioning into panicles at heading and physiological maturity stages was noticed with increase in P and Zn levels, and the increase was significantly higher in the coarse rice genotypes than fine. We concluded that the growing hybrid rice with application of 120 kg/hm^2 P ＋ 15 kg/hm^2 Zn not only increases total DM accumulation and partitioned greater amounts into the reproductive plant parts （panicles） but also results in higher harvest index.

Erect panicle super rice varieties enhance yield by harvest index advantages in high nitrogen and density conditions

The erect panicle （Ep） type is an important characteristic for japonica super rice in Northeast China and plays a significant role in enhancing yield. The Ep type is considered to be a genetic ideotype resource to the japonica super rice group by virtue of its agronomic advantages such as grain number per panicle and biomass. This study addresses the effects of nitrogen and planting density conditions on yielding performance regarding panicle type （PT） using the recombinant inbred line （RIL） population derived from the cross between an Ep variety Liaogeng 5 and non-Ep variety Wanlun 422. The genetics underlying the Ep type proved to be robust not only for panicle-type optimization but also plant height, panicle length, flag leaf length and seed density. We also found that regardless of nitrogen and density, correlation between harvest index （HI） and plant height was not significant in Ep type whatever the nitrogen and density. The application of Ep type provides a potential strategy for yield improvement by increasing biomass through HI maintainable in rice.

Contrasting Characteristics of Lodging Resistance in Two Super-Rice Hybrids Differing in Harvest Index

The“super rice”breeding program in China has been successful in developing high-yielding hybrids,including few with high harvest index values.However,there is limited information on the relationship between lodging resistance and harvest index,and the mechanisms underlying the relationship in super-rice hybrids.In this study,a two-year field experiment was conducted to compare lodging resistance and its related traits between two superrice hybrids differing in harvest index,i.e.,Guiliangyou 2(G2)with a high harvest index and Y-liangyou 1(Y1)with a typical harvest index of modern high-yielding rice varieties.Results showed that compared to Y1,G2 was lower in plant height due to its lower aboveground N uptake,and its higher stem breaking resistance(i.e.,lower stem breaking index)resulted from a lower stem height at its center of gravity.Consequently,G2 had a higher lodging resistance(i.e.,lower plant lodging index)than Y1.This study suggests that developing super-rice hybrids with high harvest index values is a possible way to achieve both high grain yield and strong lodging resistance in rice.

Screening and Application of Oilseed Rape Varieties with High Yield and High Harvest Index

28 oilseed rape Pol CMS three-line hybrid combinations diallel-crossed were compared in the yield and harvest index and analyzed on the correlation between the experimental yields and harvest indexes in this study. The correlation coeffcient was only 0.365 4, lower than a signifcant level, which indicated that there was no signifcant positive （or negative） correlation between the economic yields and the harvest indexes in oilseed rape. Among them, 8 hybrid combinations including 7 with a harvest index〉0.30 and one with a harvest index〈0.27 increased signifcantly in the yields compared with the control, and then were screened for production experiment. Under different cultivation methods, all the 8 combinations had a stable harvest index, and the combinations with higher harvest indexes also had a stable performance in yields. An oilseed rape variety Fengyou 737 with higher yield and harvest index selected through a further screening was grown with the harvest indexhigher than 0.33 whether transplanted or directly seeded in Yangtze River Basin Demonstration Area, demonstrating stable high yields as well as good ecological adaptability. The combination of yield and harvest index in the study is conducive to breeding a new oilseed rape variety with stable yields and good tolerance to close planting.

Assessing the influence of harvesting intensities on structural diversity of forests in south-west Germany

Background: To increase ecosystem resilience and biodiversity, the maintenance and improvement of structural and compositional diversity of forests has become an important goal in forest management for many forest owners and jurisdictions. At the same time, future harvesting intensity (HI) may increase to meet the demand for woody biomass by an increasing bioeconomy sector. Yet, the influence of HI on forest structural diversity is largely unknown. Here, we address this issue by analyzing the relationship between HI and structural diversity based on large-scale national forest inventory (NFI) data, where the latter is quantified using a previously developed Forest Structure Index and HI is expressed as wood volume removal during the period 2002-2012 for the same inventory plots. Results: Our results show a surprisingly small impact of harvesting intensity on changes in structural diversity for most of the analysed types of forests. Only intense harvesting (> 80%-90% of initial growing stock) led to a significant reduction in structural diversity. At low to moderate HI most aspects of structural diversity were positively influenced. Only the quadratic mean DBH and the volume of large trees (≥ 40 cm DBH) were substantially negatively influenced at HI > 60% and 70% of initial growing stock, respectively. Conclusions: In several forest types, HI could be increased without a reduction in overall structural diversity. Hence, structural diversity in these selectively managed forests appears to be a very resistant forest property in relation to HI. Other indicators at stand and landscape scale may be needed to adjust levels of HI that are suited to maintain forest biodiversity.

Energy-Harvesting Systems for Green Computing

Energy harvesting technologies provide a promising alternative to battery-powered systems and create an opportunity to achieve sustainable computing for the exploitation of ambient energy sources. However, energy harvesting devices and power generators encompass a number of non-classical system behaviors or characteristics, such as delivering nondeterministic power density, and these would create hindrance for effectively utilizing the harvested energy. Previously, we have investigated new design methods and tools that are used to enable power adaptive computing and, particularly, catering non-deterministic voltage, which can efficiently utilize ambient energy sources. Also, we developed a co-optimization approach to maximize the computational efficiency from the harvested ambient energy. This paper will provide a review of these methods. Emerging technologies, such as 3D-IC, which would also enable new paradigm of green and high-performance computing, will be also discussed.

Meteorological Characteristics and Indices during Rice Harvest and Poor Harvest Years in Mudanjiang City

From the analysis of meteorological characteristics during rice harvest and poor harvest years in Mudanjiang City of Heilongjiang Province,meteorological indexes of heat,precipitation and sunlight in abundant years and deficient years were discussed to provide meteorological basis for predicting agricultural industry.The results indicated that in abundant year from May to September,the temperature was relatively higher,≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature was relatively more,without low temperature and cold damage,the distribution of precipitation was suitable for the farming season,without drought and waterlogging,the sunlight was sufficient,namely,the cooperation among heat,water and light was more coordinated.In deficient year,from May to September,during growing season,the temperature was relatively lower,accumulated temperature was relatively less,the distribution of precipitation was abnormal,drought or waterlogging,low temperature with little sunlight,and general meteorological conditions were unfavorable to agricultural industry.

Effects of drip and flood irrigation on carbon dioxide exchange and crop growth in the maize ecosystem in the Hetao Irrigation District,China

Drip irrigation and flood irrigation are major irrigation methods for maize crops in the Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China.This research delves into the effects of these irrigation methods on carbon dioxide(CO_(2))exchange and crop growth in this region.The experimental site was divided into drip and flood irrigation zones.The irrigation schedules of this study aligned with the local commonly used irrigation schedule.We employed a developed chamber system to measure the diurnal CO_(2)exchange of maize plants during various growth stages under both drip and flood irrigation methods.From May to September in 2020 and 2021,two sets of repeated experiments were conducted.In each experiment,a total of nine measurements of CO_(2)exchange were performed to obtain carbon exchange data at different growth stages of maize crop.During each CO_(2)exchange measurement event,CO_(2)flux data were collected every two hours over a day-long period to capture the diurnal variations in CO_(2)exchange.During each CO_(2)exchange measurement event,the biological parameters(aboveground biomass and crop growth rate)of maize and environmental parameters(including air humidity,air temperature,precipitation,soil water content,and photosynthetically active radiation)were measured.The results indicated a V-shaped trend in net ecosystem CO_(2)exchange in daytime,reducing slowly at night,while the net assimilation rate(net primary productivity)exhibited a contrasting trend.Notably,compared with flood irrigation,drip irrigation demonstrated significantly higher average daily soil CO_(2)emission and greater average daily CO_(2)absorption by maize plants.Consequently,within the maize ecosystem,drip irrigation appeared more conducive to absorbing atmospheric CO_(2).Furthermore,drip irrigation demonstrated a faster crop growth rate and increased aboveground biomass compared with flood irrigation.A strong linear relationship existed between leaf area index and light utilization efficiency,irrespective of the irrigation method.Notably,drip irrigation displayed superior light use efficiency compared with flood irrigation.The final yield results corroborated these findings,indicating that drip irrigation yielded higher harvest index and overall yield than flood irrigation.The results of this study provide a basis for the selection of optimal irrigation methods commonly used in the Hetao Irrigation District.This research also serves as a reference for future irrigation studies that consider measurements of both carbon emissions and yield simultaneously.

Balancing timber production and habitat conservation of Okinawa Rails(Gallirallus okinawae): Application of a harvest scheduling optimization model in subtropical forest in Okinawa, Japan

Finding the right balance between timber production and the management of forest-dependent wildlife species,present a difficult challenge for forest resource managers and policy makers in Okinawa,Japan.A possible explanation of this can be found in the unique nature of the forest management area which is populated with various kinds of rare and endangered species.This issue has been brought to light as a result of the nomination of northern Okinawa Island in 2018 as a candidate for World Natural Heritage site.The nomination has raised public awareness to the possibility of conflicting management objectives between timber extraction and the conservation of habitat for forest-dependent wildlife species.Managing exclusively for one objective over the other may fail to meet the demand for both forest products and wildlife habitat,ultimately jeopardizing the stability of human and wildlife communities.It is therefore important to achieve a better balance between the objective of timber production and conservation of wildlife habitat.Despite the significance of this subject area,current ongoing discussions on how to effectively manage for forest resources,often lack scientific basis to make sound judgement or evaluate tradeoffs between conflicting objectives.Quantifying the effect of these forest management activities on wildlife habitat provides useful and important information needed to make forest management and policy decisions.In this study we develop a spatial timber harvest scheduling model that incorporates habitat suitability index(HSI)models for the Okinawa Rail(Gallirallus okinawae),an endangered avian species found on Okinawa,Japan.To illustrate how the proposed coupling model assembles spatial information,which ultimately aids the study of forest management effects on wildlife habitat,we apply these models to a forest area in Okinawa and conduct a simple simulation analysis.

Ideal Point Method Applied in Forest Harvest Regulation

Ideal point method is one of the methods to solve multi-objective problem. It is applied to forest harvest regu-lation, and showed very good results by analyzing changes of quantitative indexes of forest resource structure before andafter the regulation. This method can be applied as one of the mathematical tools in forest harvest regulation.

陇东旱塬区宜机收玉米品种的性状指标综合评价

目前玉米生产机械化程度越来越高,玉米籽粒机收将是大势所趋,因此人们对玉米品种的选择也趋向于耐密植、抗倒伏和籽粒脱水快等优良性状。为了筛选出陇东旱塬区适宜的籽粒机收玉米品种,通过灰色关联度分析法对引进的17个玉米品种表型性状和籽粒机收适宜性进行综合评价。结果表明,和恒5266产量高,但是机收表现不理想;迪卡159、先丰9号、先玉1483、五谷737和新农育6003等5个品种综合表现良好,可以作为陇东旱塬区籽粒机收玉米品种贮备品种加以推广,尤其是五谷737产量高、抗性好、机收表现好,宜大力推广种植。

不同夜间温度条件下外源水杨酸对大豆产量的调控作用

在全球气候变暖的背景下,夜间高温成为大豆高产的不利因素之一。水杨酸(Salicylic Acid,SA)是一种重要的植物激素,外源喷施SA可提升植物应对高温干旱等逆境的能力。为探究夜间高温危害的应对措施,选用2种生育期相近的大豆品种中黄39和中黄76,设置3个夜间温度(T1:18℃;T2:23℃;T3:28℃),每个夜间温度下设置3个SA浓度处理(SA0:CK;SA1:0.1 mmol·L^(-1) SA;SA2:0.5 mmol·L^(-1) SA)。探讨外源SA对鼓粒期夜间温度升高环境下大豆产量的调控作用。结果表明:与T1+CK处理相比,夜间温度升高,大豆单株荚数、单株粒数、地上部干物质、产量和收获指数均下降,中黄39和中黄76产量分别降低6.34%~27.13%和14.99%~45.66%。夜间温度升高,喷施SA可显著提高大豆净光合速率、地上部干物质、单株荚数和粒数,降低呼吸强度,使产量和收获指数显著提升,中黄39和中黄76表现一致。其中,28℃夜间温度条件下,喷施SA处理大豆产量增幅达45.69%~48.55%。研究结果表明,外施SA可以在一定程度上缓解夜间高温造成的大豆产量损失,提高收获指数。

蓖麻收获指数相关性状QTL定位及候选基因分析

为揭示蓖麻收获指数遗传规律及挖掘其候选基因,同时为蓖麻收获指数遗传改良提供参考,通过9048×16-201杂交组合构建了F_(2)和BC_(1)(F_(1)×P_(2))群体,利用完备区间作图法(ICIM-ADD)对收获指数及相关性状进行了表型性状研究及QTL定位,并利用S1群体对主效QTL簇进行验证。综合发现,收获指数与单株产量、单株蒴果数、单株粒数、主穗结实率、一级分枝穗结实率呈极显著正相关,与单株结实率、二级分枝穗结实率、单株百粒质量及单株有效穗数呈正相关,与生物量、根质量呈负相关;单株产量与其他性状间均呈正相关。在F_(2)/BC_(1)群体中共检测到收获指数及相关性状31/21个QTL,贡献率在1.64%~19.96%/0.90%~11.51%。共发现了4个增效等位基因来源于16-201的稳定QTL和5个主效QTL,其中的3个主效QTL(FqSRPS3-3、FqSRPBS3-3和BqSRSBS3-1)和2个稳定QTL(FqSRPS3-3/BqSRPS3-1、BqSRPBS3-1)聚拢在第3染色体的QTL-cluster1(RCM915~RCM950,997.10 kb)上,且在S1群体上再次检测到8个QTL-cluster1的等位QTL。因此,进一步在QTL-cluster1里,甄选了3个候选基因(Rc-US03g04790、Rc-US03g05640和Rc-US03g05810),它们在双亲多个组织中差异表达,每个候选基因在高表达亲本的相对表达量是低表达亲本的2.34~880.06倍,1.85~51.56倍和2.01~236.03倍。

小麦蚕豆间作提高氮素吸收量的优势及其相关环境因子的贡献分析

在明确间作作物提高氮素吸收利用的基础上,探讨间作体系氮素的种间关系以及相关环境因子的贡献,为阐明间作养分高效利用优势提供一定数据支撑。通过两年(2021—2023年)的田间定位试验,在不施氮(N0)、低氮(N1,N 90 kg/hm^(2))、常规施氮(N2,N 180 kg/hm^(2))和高氮(N3,N 270 kg/hm^(2))4个施氮水平下,研究了小麦蚕豆间作对氮素收获指数、系统氮素生产力及其氮素种间关系的影响,并基于ABT(aggregated boosted tree)和network分析,结合相关环境因子综合探讨其对间作促进氮素吸收利用的作用贡献。结果表明,与单作处理相比,两年的间作小麦氮素收获指数平均增幅5.30%,间作蚕豆显著性增加15.55%,间作体系的氮素系统生产力均值达到66.47 kg/hm^(2)。不同处理下小麦和蚕豆均表现出不同程度的氮素种间竞争,其相对种间竞争强度分别为-0.83和-0.73,其氮素种间相对关系指数范围分别为0.087~0.11(小麦)和0.047~0.12(蚕豆),体现出了不同程度的间作互利效应,较蚕豆而言,间作小麦氮素相对种间竞争力平均达到了0.43,表现出明显的种间竞争优势。对于土壤环境因子和氮素种间关系指标对氮素收获指数的贡献率,单作小麦和蚕豆的第一贡献因子均为速效钾和氮素相对种间竞争强度,间作小麦的第一贡献因子为碱解氮和氮素种间相对关系指数,间作蚕豆为碱解氮和氮素相对种间竞争强度。小麦蚕豆间作提高了氮素收获指数,在氮素种间竞争的同时保持了体系的氮素互补作用以及小麦的氮素竞争优势地位,并通过改善土壤碱解氮以及氮素种间相对关系指数等因子的相对贡献,稳定了间作体系的氮素系统生产力和氮素吸收利用的优势。

最佳养分管理下我国花生磷需求特征

评价花生荚果产量和植株磷素需求,为高产花生的施肥管理提供理论指导。收集1990—2021年我国主要花生种植区的大量田间试验数据集(n=265),以评估在最佳施肥管理下花生的磷吸收特征。结果表明,在整个数据集中,平均花生荚果产量和收获指数(HI)分别为4642 kg/hm^(2)和0.54。花生荚果对磷(P)的平均需求量为6.45 kg/t。在<3、3~<4、4~<5、5~6和>6 t/hm^(2)5个荚果产量范围内,磷素吸收和HI均随荚果产量的增加而增加。磷需求量随着产量的增加而增加,这归因于在荚果产量高的情况下,秸秆磷的过量吸收。

生物炭类型和施用量对陕北黄绵土土壤理化性状和谷子生长的影响

【目的】探明不同生物炭类型和施用量对陕北黄绵土理化性状和谷子生长的影响。【方法】选取玉米秸秆(JG)、稻壳(DK)和竹竿(ZG)3种生物炭,分别设置C1(300 g/m^(2))、C2(600 g/m^(2))、C3(1200 g/m^(2))3个施炭水平,以不施生物炭为对照(CK),开展谷子室内模拟栽培试验,通过测定土壤理化指标和谷子生长指标,探究不同生物炭类型和施用量对陕北黄绵土土壤理化性状及谷子生长的影响。【结果】DK生物炭对土壤含水量和容重有显著的调控作用,DKC2处理的土壤含水量较JGC2和ZGC2处理分别显著下降15.78%、18.26%(P<0.05);DKC3处理的土壤容重较JGC3和ZGC3分别显著下降20.07%、24.63%(P<0.05);施ZG生物炭时,土壤有机碳、速效钾含量随生物炭施用量增加逐渐递增,ZGC3处理下,土壤有机碳、速效钾含量较CK分别显著提升134.35%、77.94%(P<0.05)。施JG生物炭时,谷子株高、地上部干重随生物炭施用量的增加先增后减,且JGC2处理下谷子株高、地上部干重较CK分别显著提升32.62%、77.13%(P<0.05),单穗粒重、总干重及小区产量较施DKC2、ZGC2处理分别显著提升126.18%、65.36%、57.54%和79.25%、82.46%%、50.37%(P<0.05)。施DK生物炭的谷子地下部干重、根表面积和根冠比随生物炭施用量的增加先增后减,DKC2处理谷子地下部干重、根表面积和根冠比较CK分别显著提升104.53%、90.30%、82.11%(P<0.05);ZGC3处理谷子收获指数较施DKC3显著提升50.00%(P<0.05)。【结论】不同生物炭类型及施用量对谷子的生长影响各异,600 g/m^(2)玉米秸秆生物炭处理更利于谷子干重的提升、600 g/m^(2)稻壳生物炭处理更利于谷子根系的生长、1200 g/m^(2)竹竿处理更利于谷子收获指数的提升。在陕北黄绵土中种植谷子,施玉米秸秆、竹竿生物炭具有较好的土壤水肥调节能力和增产增效作用。

青稞养分吸收特征研究

在2008—2023年拉萨市测土配方施肥“3414”田间肥效试验数据基础上,分析了青稞产量、施肥量与收获指数的关系,评价了青稞籽粒养分含量与吸收量、养分内在效率与吨粮养分吸收等青稞养分吸收特征,为更加准确地优化青稞肥料用量,提高肥料利用效率,积极推进化肥减量增效行动,提升耕地质量、提高青稞产量提供了科学的数据支撑。

内蒙古玉米宜机械粒收品种评价指标体系

【目的】建立内蒙古自治区玉米机械粒收品种评价指标体系,为内蒙古宜机械粒收玉米品种的评价、选择和适时收获提供依据,为品种选育指明方向。【方法】以极早熟到晚熟6个熟期组代表品种为试验材料,在内蒙古6个生态区同步进行机械粒收性状研究,于生理成熟期,生理成熟后10、20、30 d,测定籽粒破碎率、籽粒破损率、杂质率、籽粒含水率和植株倒伏倒折率,并选择适宜各生态区条件、机械粒收性状优良的品种鉴选机械粒收品种评价指标。【结果】玉米籽粒破碎率、籽粒破损率、杂质率与籽粒含水率均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。收获期玉米籽粒含水率与出苗至收获、吐丝至收获、成熟至收获的时间和积温均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),且相关性依次增强。玉米籽粒脱水速率与基础含水率、日均温均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);籽粒脱水速率(y)与基础含水率(x_(1))、日均温(x_(2))回归方程为y=-0.523318+0.022732x_(1)+0.025422x_(2),R^(2)=0.4192,P<0.01。玉米总产量损失率、落穗率与收获期植株倒伏倒折率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),落粒率与收获期植株倒伏倒折率相关性不显著(P>0.05),玉米植株倒伏倒折率与株高、穗位高、穗位株高比、茎粗、茎粗株高比的相关性均不显著(P>0.05)。确立了宜机械粒收玉米品种评价的主次指标,涵盖3个层次,55个指标。【结论】建立了内蒙古自治区宜机械粒收玉米品种评价指标体系,该体系兼顾了各大生态区共性和区域个性,指标量化、易操作,其中籽粒破损率指标点明了玉米机械粒收过程中的不可见损失,对产量损失的评估更加全面。

亏缺灌溉下小麦水分利用效率与光合产物积累运转的相关研究

在大田栽培条件下,以小麦旱地品种晋麦47和西峰20、水旱兼用型品种石家庄8号和水地品种4185为材料,分别进行0水(T0)、一水(T1)和二水灌溉(T2)处理(每次灌水量60mm),研究了光合速率、叶面积指数、干物质积累与分配、根系分布、耗水量、产量因子与水分利用效率(WUE)的关系。结果表明,在拔节前不灌溉,拔节到开花期亏缺灌溉,促进干物质积累和深根发育。随着灌溉水的增加,耗水量显著增加,产量和WUE与耗水量呈二次曲线关系。T0处理显著减少了干物质积累和成穗数,产量、经济系数(HI)和WUE最低。T1和T2产量的提高主要是增加了穗数和穗粒数。灌浆期水分亏缺降低了光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs),加速了功能叶片的衰老,但诱导了花前储存碳库的再转运,显著提高了HI和产量。因此,在拔节和开花期亏缺灌溉促进根系生长,提高了土壤水分的利用效率。而产量和产量WUE的提高主要是由于增加了灌浆期叶片的Pn和光合功能持续期,促进花前储存碳库的再转运,显著提高了HI。

小麦秸秆还田方式对轮作玉米干物质累积分配及产量的影响

研究茬口对轮作作物的产量贡献及干物质积累与分配规律的影响,对于优化作物高产高效栽培理论和技术具有重要意义。本研究在甘肃河西绿洲灌区,通过田间试验,研究了前茬小麦不同秸秆还田方式（25 cm高茬收割免耕,NTSS;25 cm高茬等量秸秆覆盖免耕,NTS;25 cm高茬等量秸秆翻压,TIS;低茬收割翻耕,CT）对轮作玉米干物质积累和分配及产量的影响,以期为该区前茬小麦轮作玉米生产模式提供优化依据。结果表明,与CT相比,NTSS、NTS、TIS提高了玉米抽穗后干物质的积累量,两年平均高4.8%~12.7%,NTS较NTSS、TIS具有更高的干物质累积作用;NTSS、NTS、TIS可提高玉米叶、茎、鞘对籽粒的贡献率,提高幅度平均为12.8%~25.0%、6.3%~11.3%、18.3%~78.4%,其中NTS较NTSS、TIS提高作用更突出。NTSS、NTS、TIS提高了玉米的籽粒产量,增幅为11.3%~17.5%,其中NTS两年籽粒产量最高,分别达到13 470 kg hm–2和13 274 kg hm–2,较TIS高5.6%~9.0%;穗粒数增加是小麦秸秆还田提高轮作玉米产量的主要原因。同时NTS获得较高的收获指数,提高比例为6.4%~8.4%,说明NTS较其他处理增产的另一原因是提高了收获指数。本研究表明,其前茬小麦秸秆覆盖结合免耕（NTS）可作为绿洲灌区优化后茬玉米干物质累积规律及获得高产的理想耕作措施。