Accessibility and availability of health care services to internally displaced persons, in Kitgum and Pader districts, northern Uganda

Introduction: During 1986-2009, an estimated 1.6 million persons were internally displaced from northern and eastern regions of Uganda due to civil war. We investigated accessibility to and availability of health care services for the internally displaced persons in Kitgum and Pader districts, northern Uganda. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Kitgum and Pader districts, northern Uganda. We interviewed a total of 1383 respondents comprising 968 (70%) adults and 415 (30%) adolescents;60% were females and 40% males, randomly selected from 35 of 67 (52.2%) internally displaced persons (IDP) camps. We held 27 key informant interviews and 52 focus group discussions. Data were entered in EPI data version 3.02 and analysed using SPSS version 12.00 statistical packages. Findings: Two thirds of the respondents 67.5% lived within 5 km distance of a health facility. The majority 62.9% of respondents mentioned that health related information was readily provided. 43.5% of health providers were always available in a health facility. A quarter 25.1% of health facilities always had drugs available, while 56.9% of the drugs prescribed were always available. Two thirds of the respondents 65.9% were satisfied with the health care services provided. The main reasons for the choice of a health facility were proximity 29.6%, provision of free treatment 24.7% and availability of drugs 17.2%. Main barriers to health care access were due to the lack of financial resources, trained personnel, and inadequate drugs and supplies in the health facilities. Conclusions and Recommendations: The majority of IDPs lived in close proximity to health facilities and obtained health care services from public health facilities. Access to health care was determined mainly by proximity and availability of free services and drugs. Although geographic accessibility to health services was high, lack of finances, information and decision power hindered access to health care services.

Affordability, Accessibility, and Quality of Maternal Health Care Services and Level of Satisfaction of Mothers in Rural Areas in China

Objective:This study aimed to understand the affordability,accessibility,and quality of maternal and child health services for postpartum mothers,and their impact on satisfaction.Methods:The study utilized the Anderson model and revised the Maternal Pregnancy and Perinatal Health Service Questionnaire.A survey was conducted among 289 mothers aged 20–49 in Feicheng City.Results:Regarding accessibility,most respondents(133)reported that travel time to healthcare services exceeded 60 minutes,while 99 respondents indicated a travel time of 16–30 minutes.The issue of affordability was highlighted,with 86.85%of participants perceiving maternal healthcare services as costly,indicating a significant financial burden.More than 50%of respondents were satisfied with two specific dimensions(P<0.05)regarding the quality of maternal healthcare services.Conclusion:The study found that accessibility,affordability,and quality significantly affect mothers’satisfaction with maternal health services.Future research should focus on developing more suitable service pathways for rural mothers.

Assessment of the Accessibility of Users in Primary Health Care

Objectives: The goal of this project was to evaluate the quality of the accessibility of the adult population to services in Primary Health Care, with a view to contribute to the development of measures that will propose improvement in the offered assistance. Methods: This is a quantitative and evaluative study made in the municipality of Santa Cruz, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, with a sample of 180 people. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte under Opinion number 152/2012. Results: It was found that the adult population classified the quality of care from regular to good, showing an association with the waiting time, time spent from the unit to one’s house and the reception. Conclusions: It could be concluded that this study contributes to the development of strategies able to provide a full and equitable care to the adult population in the primary health care network, since this is the gateway to other levels of care, because it aims to promote adult health and prevent diseases.

The Role of Health Inequality in the Maternal Health Services Provided by Public Institutions in Mexico

This work aims to determine the role of inequality in the provision of maternal health services among five regions in Mexico (northwest, northeast, central, the Mexico City-State of Mexico region and the south). We consider the most important service providers corresponding to the main health institutions in Mexico (IMSS, ISSSTE, SESAS, IMSS-Oportunidades). Therefore, a cross-sectional prospective study was conducted to analyze eight intervention packages (Prenatal Care, Syphilis, Influenza, Obstetric Urgent Care, HIV in pregnancy, delivery care, neonatal care and accessibility) offered by the Maternal and Perinatal Health (MPH) program. A quantitative analysis demonstrates low to marginal performance of the MPH program in three regions (South, Mexico City-State of Mexico and the Northwest) and marginal in two other regions (Central and Northeast). Furthermore, four of the intervention packages presented the lowest performance in the South (Prenatal Care, Syphilis, Influenza and Obstetric Urgent Care), as did the average of the total of the MPH packages. The performance of HIV in Pregnancy package was marginal in the Southern and Mexico City-State of Mexico regions and Neonatal Care was low in the Northwest. The assessment of the MPH intervention packages allows us to identify their strengths and weaknesses. This information allows us to identify similarities and differences among the geographical regions in order to describe and analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the current system and hence to improve the decision making regarding the Maternal and Perinatal Health Programs in Mexico. The results suggest that a homogenization has taken place in terms of the low quality of the services.

基于公办与民办差异视角的养老机构医养结合服务质量评价研究

背景近几年,关于我国医养结合服务模式、影响因素等的研究报道较多,但关于养老机构医养结合服务质量的研究报道较少,且缺乏对不同类型养老机构医养结合服务质量差异的比较研究。目的评价公办与民办养老机构医养结合服务质量。方法2020年10月—2021年9月,采用分层随机抽样方法在内蒙古自治区包头市、陕西省西安市、湖北省宜昌市、浙江省绍兴市共4个地区进行问卷调查,共选取25家养老机构老年人1106名。通过SERVQUAL模型构建包含可靠性、及时性、保障性、规范性、移情性5个维度和15项二级指标的医养结合服务质量评价指标体系,结合熵权法与模糊综合评价法分别计算公办、民办养老机构医养结合服务质量评分并进行比较。结果公办、民办养老机构老年人对医养结合服务质量满意度综合评价值分别为41.66、38.82分,其中公办养老机构15项二级指标评分均在40.00分以上,民办养老机构13项二级指标评分在40.00分以下。结论公办与民办养老机构老年人对医养结合服务质量满意度综合评价结果存在一定差异,其中规范性、移情性维度评分差异较大,可靠性、及时性、保障性维度评分差异较小,这为发现不同维度下医养结合服务存在的问题、促进养老机构医养结合服务高质量提供了参考。

国外常用基层医疗服务质量评价工具及其对我国的启示

基层医疗服务(PHC)是卫生服务体系的“网底”,其质量不仅关系到分级诊疗制度建设,而且影响居民健康水平。科学合理地评价PHC质量是其质量提升的“基石”,但我国尚未形成统一标准化的PHC质量评价体系。因此,本文基于评价侧重点将国际上常用PHC质量评价工具分为4类:基于PHC内涵的质量评价工具、强调PHC功能特征的质量评价工具、基于需方和/或供方感知的PHC质量评价工具、其他针对特定疾病的工具或指标体系,分别介绍和比较各工具内容、特点,分析其适用性和不足,梳理工具的变迁,以期为我国PHC质量评价工具构建提供参考。

心力衰竭患者居家康复APP服务质量评价体系的构建

背景心力衰竭患者的心脏康复过程目前大多由医院转移至居家情境进行。移动健康应用程序帮助患者弥合了从医院向居家转移的支持缺口,促进居家康复进程,然而诸多质量问题接踵而至,其服务质量亟待“把关”。目的构建心力衰竭患者居家康复APP服务质量评价体系,为规范、提升我国移动健康APP服务质量提供参考。方法2022年7月—2023年1月基于文献分析、半结构式访谈拟定心力衰竭患者居家康复APP服务质量评价体系,对18名专家开展2轮函询。专家积极程度采用问卷回收率及意见提出率表示,专家权威程度采用权威系数表示,专家意见协调程度采用得分变异系数、肯德尔和谐系数表示。结合专家函询、层次分析法,确立最终的心力衰竭患者居家康复APP服务质量评价体系。结果2轮函询问卷有效回收率均为100%,专家权威系数为0.867,2轮函询肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.128~0.154和0.151~0.197(P<0.001)。最终构建的心力衰竭患者居家康复APP服务质量评价体系由软件属性、医学科学和行为科学特征三个维度组成,包含7项一级指标,24项二级指标和51项三级指标。结论构建的心力衰竭患者居家康复APP服务质量评价体系内容全面,具有科学性,对评价心脏康复APP服务质量及促进类似APP服务的良性发展具有一定借鉴意义。

如何推进农村重点疾病人群基本卫生保健模式的改进:以人为本整合型健康管理政策证据简报

背景为了更好地应对我国基本卫生保健服务面临的问题与挑战,中国国家卫生健康委员会与盖茨基金会开展紧密合作,2017—2022年在山西省、湖北省以及河南省部分农村地区开展基本卫生保健项目。项目的总目标是探索基本卫生保健服务的有效模式,助力健康扶贫工作,加强中国国内经验分享,并惠及其他发展中国家。目的总结在以高血压和糖尿病为代表的农村重点疾病人群中开展以人为本整合型健康管理的经验。方法农村基本卫生保健项目资料和数据的收集包含了多个来源,包括医院信息系统数据、统计报表资料、基本公共卫生数据、定性访谈、患者调查、医生问卷调查、病历质量调查等,以描述性统计分析以及前后比较作为主要的评估方法。结果高血压和糖尿病患者规范化管理率保持稳定上升,住院患者次均住院费用下降,患者健康生活行为逐渐上升、患者服药依从性有明显改善。在健康结局方面,患者高血压控制情况明显改善但患者血糖控制情况变化不明显。结论项目地区重点疾病健康管理的服务理念和服务能力明显提升,相关措施已经变成政策在项目地区推广和落地,各类专家是项目推动实施的关键因素,各项措施的可持续性有待保持。

Importance-performance analysis: Revisiting a tool for the evaluation of clinical services

The importance-performance analysis method (IPA) is used in market research in order to measure the level of customer satisfaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate and highlight the use of IPA as a management tool to measure quality of dental services. We suggest that this method can be easily implemented in a dental educational setting, as a performance outcome measure that includes patient input. The study was conducted in a dental service through a valid questionnaire, SERVQUAL. This instrument explores levels of service quality perceived by patients. It was conducted in four companies in Brazil in 2011 (derived from different industry segments;two from textiles, one from hospital care and the other from the manufacturing industry) in two States (S?o Paulo and Minas Gerais). These companies were covered by the same dental managed care organization which contracted with independent dentists to provide care. The study was divided into two stages: the first, in which beneficiaries answered the questionnaire prior to receiving dental treatment, and the second when the same beneficiaries answered after completing their dental treatment. Data obtained from SERVQUAL generated graphs that were used to characterize the IPA matrix using several dimensions of care. The Assurance Dimension had the highest average in both expectation and perception. The Reliability dimension showed the value of the most negative GAP among the dimensions, and the best value occurred in the Responsiveness dimension. The IPA tool may be effective in Dental Medicine since it highlights the key points to be improved in the delivery of dental services in a clinical setting.

西部地区基层医疗卫生服务质量及提升策略

在开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程中,如何衡量及提升西部地区以基层为重点的医疗卫生服务质量,是践行“共建共享,全民健康”健康中国战略的关键内容。基层医疗卫生机构为当地居民提供常见病、多发病在内的基本医疗服务和预防保健在内的基本公共卫生服务,在降低卫生支出、分流就医患者、提高卫生服务体系效率方面发挥着重要作用。高质量的基层医疗卫生服务与更积极的出生结局、更长的预期寿命、更低的年龄调整死亡率、更低的可避免死亡率、更少的可避免住院治疗和更好的自我报告健康状况之间具有普遍的一致性。然而,当前西部地区基层医疗卫生服务仍存在服务有效性水平较低、处方合理性较差、医疗服务连续性不强等问题。基于中国基层卫生保健质量队列研究,通过匿名标准化患者方法,应用偏头痛、产后抑郁、小儿腹泻、普通感冒、胃炎、哮喘、心绞痛、腰背痛、压力性尿失禁、高血压、肺结核和糖尿病在内的11种匿名标准化患者病例,探索陕西省基层医疗卫生服务质量概况及提升策略。以社区卫生服务中心/站、乡镇卫生院、村卫生室、诊所/门诊部内的执业医师、执业助理医师、注册村医以及持有全科、内科、产科/妇科和儿科执照的临床医生为受访对象,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,在陕西省154家医疗机构对11种病例进行了259次访问。结果显示,陕西省基层医疗服务机构接诊医生问诊条目完成率为13.63%(8.33%,21.05%),检查条目完成率为6.25%(0,25.00%);访问中获得正确诊断次数为58次,占比27.36%;处置得分为0.49(0.33,0.70)分。PPPC-CN量表得分为2.38(2.12,2.76)分。USP候诊时间为4(1,10)分钟,就诊时间为7(5,10)分钟,就医总时间为15(10,25)分钟。USP就诊的总费用为12(0,45)元。总之,陕西省基层医疗服务质量的有效性、以患者为中心、及时性和效率均有较大的提升空间。相关部门应加快基层医疗信息化建设,构建基层临床路径以有效提高基层常见病、多发病的首诊能力,加强以患者为中心服务模式,实施综合培训模式以提升知识水平和实践能力,做好居民健康“守门人”。

全国结核病实验室网络室间质量评价满意度调查

目的:通过开展全国结核病实验室网络室间质量评价满意度调查,发现室间质量评价工作存在的问题,以改进工作质量。方法:中国疾病预防控制中心国家结核病参比实验室于2019年、2020年和2021年设计并下发线上调查问卷至参加室间质量评价的人员,采用匿名填写的方式,对问卷结果进行汇总和分析。对2019年和2021年两年结果做统计分析,同时对2019年省(自治区、直辖市)、地市、县(区)级问卷响应人员对各问题满意度的差异进行分析。结果:2019年、2020年及2021年分别有1615名、30名及314名受调查者反馈问卷。2021年25个问题中,仅精神压力满意度(79.0%,248/314)低于80%。2019年4个问题(共计26个问题)满意度低于80%,分别为对工作负担影响的满意度(69.3%,1120/1615)、对经济负担影响的满意度(76.3%,1232/1615)、对精神压力的满意度(66.1%,1067/1615)和对菌株运输准运证办理工作的满意度(75.4%,724/960)。2019年和2021年的24个共有问题中,除结果报告时间要求的2个问题外,其余22个问题2021年满意度(79.0%~97.4%)均明显高于2019年(66.1%~97.0%)。结论:问卷响应人员对室间质量评价工作中涉及的大部分问题满意度是可接受的,且经过实施改进措施,大部分问题满意度得到提升,但一些环节如结果报告形式和菌株运输等仍需进一步改进。

New Screening Approach for Ocular Diseases

Objective: Present a new screening approach for ocular diseases. Method: Transversal, retrospective, single center study that analyzed medical records of patients from a social project on the prevention of blindness and amblyopia, which aimed at: 1) Detect the main ocular disorders such as amblyopia, primary angle-closure suspect (PACS);glaucoma suspect (GS);predisposing retinal detachment lesions (PRDL);age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR);2) Perform cataract diagnosis;3) Provide guidance and treatment for allergic conjunctivitis. 4) Prescribe glasses for children until 14 years of age. Participants were examined by a single specialist, holder of a post-doctoral degree in ophthalmology, with 36 years of experience and a sub-specialization in retina and vitreous. All data were analyzed in 2022. Results: The examiner diagnosed 42 cases of PACS, 21 of GS, 8 of PRDL, 14 of AMD, 3 of DR, 40 of cataract and 31 cases of allergic conjunctivitis. Thirty-three participants younger than 14 were prescribed glasses. Other pathologies included retinal detachment, papilledema, corneal ulcer, suspected conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, retinal vasculitis, strabismus, uveitis, bilateral papilla paleness and lacrimal duct obstruction. Out of the 297 cases examined, 168 participants presented some type of alteration that could compromise their vision. Conclusion: The examiner’s experience and knowledge were decisive factors for the quick diagnosis, advice, screening and/or treatment of several ocular diseases. The social project results reveal that the primary care and/or the screening performed by a specialist are likely to reduce blindness cases.

基于价值医疗的地方药品集采质量水平综合评价体系研究

目的:探究在地方药品集中带量采购实践中可用于定量评估药品质量水平的评价目标、评价角度及其评价方法,基于价值医疗理念构建药品质量评价指标池,为地方采购实践提供实操工具。方法:收集地方药品集中带量采购文件,梳理可用于评价药品宏观质量水平的指标,构建基础指标池,并结合专家意见构建分类指标池。结果:建立了适用于地方集采的药品质量评价基础指标池,并将其分为推荐性指标池、谨慎使用指标池、不推荐指标池三类。推荐性指标池含有8个一级指标、17个二级指标、27个三级指标;谨慎使用指标池含有5个一级指标、5个二级指标、5个三级指标;不推荐指标池含有9个一级指标、25个二级指标、29个三级指标。结论:地方集采实践时可直接选用推荐性指标池内指标,谨慎使用指标池内指标在必要时可以被选用,或可用于辅助排名,不建议使用不推荐指标池内指标。

中国临床实践指南基层版现状分析与质量评价

背景临床实践指南基层版(简称基层指南)可提高基层医疗质量,但尚无研究系统地调查我国基层指南的现状和质量。目的调查中国基层指南的现状和质量,并探索其影响因素。方法检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang Data)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)和维普网(VIP),纳入已发表的中国基层指南,分析其基本特征,采用国际实践指南报告规范(RIGHT)评价其报告质量,采用中国临床指南评价体系(AGREE-China)评价其方法学质量。结果共纳入150部基层指南,主要发表于2019—2021年,多数基层指南〔108(72.0%)〕关注疾病的诊疗,排名前三的专科为心血管病学〔40(26.7%)〕、消化病学〔31(20.7%)〕和临床药学〔27(18.0%)〕。制订机构主要为中华医学会及其分会〔123(82.0%)〕、中华医学会《中华全科医师杂志》编辑委员会〔119(79.3%)〕和中华医学会杂志社〔116(77.3%)〕。报告质量方面,RIGHT平均报告率为23.6%(11.4%~42.9%);基本信息领域(59.8%)报告率较高,证据领域(0.3%)报告率最低。方法学质量方面,AGREE-China平均得分为23.4(12.0~40.0)分;利益冲突(63.0%)和可用性/可行性领域(53.0%)报告率较高,经济性领域(7.0%)报告率最低。结论中国基层指南近5年数量增长较快,对基层医疗质量的提升起到重要的促进作用。未来需要加速各专科和不同疾病基层指南的制订,同时加强中国基层指南制订和报告相关方法学研究。

基于主成分分析和TOPSIS模型的我国各省份医疗水平评价研究

背景 在新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)疫情全国流行期间,我国医疗资源的空间集聚效应凸显,各省份医疗水平存在明显差异,目前,国内学者多运用定量方法对当前全国各省份医疗水平进行评价,应用综合方法评价全国各省份医疗水平者较少。目的 了解我国各省份在医疗卫生事业发展水平上的差异,以期为医疗卫生事业决策者提供参考。方法 于2022年11月,计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台和Web of Science数据库,检索有关医疗水平评价的文献。在借鉴现有研究成果的基础上,选取相对指标和平均指标来构建评价指标体系。以《2022中国卫生健康统计年鉴》为数据源,提取/计算各评价指标数据。运用主成分分析法和TOPSIS模型,对我国31个省份(未将中国香港特别行政区、中国澳门特别行政区、中国台湾地区纳入统计范畴)的医疗水平进行综合评价。结果 共检索出合格文献6篇,从医疗资源、医疗服务、医疗保障3个方面选取13个相对指标和平均指标构建评价体系。KMO值为0.733,Bartlett's球形检验结果显示,χ^(2)=346.908、P<0.001,提示数据适用于主成分分析;按照特征根>1.000的标准可提取4个主成分,分别为医疗资源规模和医疗服务质量(F1)、医疗机构工作效率(F2)、传染病控制能力(F3)、其他因素(F4),4个主成分的累积方差贡献率为84.012%。根据主成分得分系数矩阵建立各主成分线性模型后,基于4个主成分的方差贡献率得到可用于评价医疗水平的综合评价模型:Y=0.439 85×Y1+0.158 54×Y2+0.154 40×Y3+0.087 34×Y4。医疗水平综合得分位列前3位的省份分别为北京市(151.908分)、上海市(124.379分)、天津市(78.673分)。TOPSIS贴近度排名结果显示,北京市和上海市处于靠前水平(贴近度分别为0.767、0.646),以贴近度0.400和0.201为节点,可以将31个省份分为3个梯队,第1梯队有北京市、上海市和天津市3个省份,第2梯队有浙江省、四川省等25个省份,第3梯队包括河北省、宁夏回族自治区和西藏自治区3个省份。结论 中国的医疗水平存在明显的省际发展不平衡问题,31个省份医疗水平分布整体呈现“中间大、两头小”的橄榄型结构特征。政府应加大对河北省等医疗水平排名靠后省份的政策倾斜力度,发挥区域卫生规划的统筹协调作用,利用远程医疗和医疗大数据实行定点帮扶。

基层医疗卫生机构慢性病医防融合服务质量现场评价指标体系构建

背景当前我国学者不断探索基于医防融合的慢性病管理模式,但其量化评估研究匮乏,缺乏针对性和时效性,尚处于初级阶段。目的构建基层医疗卫生机构慢性病医防融合服务质量现场评价指标体系,为基层医疗卫生机构慢性病医防融合服务质量提升提供参考依据。方法通过文献分析法、政策归纳法、专家访谈法初步构建基层医疗卫生机构慢性病医防融合服务质量现场评价指标体系。于2022年6—8月,运用德尔菲法对17名专家进行两轮专家咨询,根据专家咨询结果确定指标体系,运用层次分析法计算各指标权重。结果初步构建的基层医疗卫生机构慢性病医防融合服务质量现场评价指标体系由5个一级指标、12个二级指标、37个三级指标组成。两轮专家咨询的问卷有效回收率均为100.0%;专家权威系数为0.81;三级指标重要性的肯德尔协调系数分别为0.239(χ^(2)=8.76,P<0.05)、0.275(χ^(2)=4.15,P<0.05),三级指标可行性的肯德尔协调系数分别为0.234(χ^(2)=19.63,P<0.05)、0.248(χ^(2)=12.43,P<0.05)。最终形成包括5个一级指标、12个二级指标、40个三级指标的基层医疗卫生机构慢性病医防融合服务质量现场评价指标体系,5个一级指标的权重均为0.2000。结论本评价指标体系对城乡社区卫生服务机构提升医防融合服务能力具有一定的现实指导意义,但也要视具体情况对评价指标体系进行动态调整,以使其能够切实反映基层医疗卫生机构慢性病医防融合服务质量状况。

2010—2020年广西儿童保健服务质量综合评价

目的综合评价2010—2020年广西儿童保健服务质量。方法收集2010—2020年广西5岁以下儿童死亡率、婴儿死亡率、新生儿死亡率、围生儿死亡率、新生儿访视率、3岁以下儿童系统管理率、7岁以下儿童保健管理率作为评价指标,联合应用TOPSIS法和秩和比(RSR)法对广西儿童保健服务质量进行综合评价。结果(1)与2010年相比,2020年广西5岁以下儿童死亡率、婴儿死亡率、新生儿死亡率、围生儿死亡率分别下降了65.35%、67.19%、65.09%和36.11%,年均降幅分别为10.06%、10.55%、9.99%和4.38%。5岁以下儿童死亡率和婴儿死亡率的城乡之比分别从1∶4.89和1∶4.28,缩小到2020年的1∶1.14和1∶1.10。(2)与2010年相比,2020年广西新生儿访视率、3岁以下儿童系统管理率和7岁以下儿童保健管理率提高了0.52%、19.48%和16.38%。(3)基于TOPSIS法的排序结果显示,儿童保健服务质量排名前三的年份为2020年、2016年和2018年;排名倒数三位的年份为2010年、2011年和2012年。RSR法分档评价结果显示,评定为“优”的年份为2016年和2020年,被评定为“差”的年份为2010年。结论广西儿童保健服务质量总体呈持续向好,但仍需要进一步改善。应持续提高妇幼卫生资源的投入,进一步改善儿童保健服务质量,全面促进儿童健康水平的提升。

基于移动医疗平台的延续性护理在糖尿病视网膜病变日间手术患者中的效果评价

目的 探讨基于移动医疗平台的延续护理对糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)日间手术患者术后康复的影响。方法 选取2022年1-12月医院收治的200例DR患者为研究对象,按组间基线资料具有可比性的原则将患者分成对照组和观察组,各100例。对照组实施常规护理及电话随访,观察组结合移动医疗平台(微信小程序、微信群)开展延续护理,对患者保持6个月的随访。比较两组患者并发症发生率、患者满意度、再住院率、自主护理能力、生存质量及治疗依从性。结果 实施基于移动医疗平台的延续护理后,观察组患者术后持续高眼压、炎症性水肿、玻璃体再出血、复视等并发症总发生率低于对照组,并且观察组患者的满意程度高于对照组,再住院率低于对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。延续护理干预前两组患者的生存质量评分、自主护理能力评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);延续护理干预后,观察组患者的生存质量评分、自主护理能力评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。延续护理干预后,观察组治疗依从性高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 基于移动医疗平台的延续护理在DR日间手术患者的术后康复中发挥积极的促进作用,能减少术后并发症,提升患者的满意度,使再住院率降低,使患者生存质量也得到提升。

安宁疗护服务综合评价指标体系构建研究

背景 在全国推进安宁疗护试点初期阶段,亟须综合评价试点机构的安宁疗护服务质量和效果。目的 探索构建一套适用于中观机构层面的安宁疗护服务综合评价指标体系,以期为各试点机构的安宁疗护服务评价和比较提供科学工具。方法 于2021年4—5月,通过文献评阅和小范围专家访谈初步构建安宁疗护服务综合评价指标池;于2021年6—7月,采用兰德(RAND)/加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)德尔菲法开展两轮专家咨询,从相关性、可测量性、可行性3个维度对指标进行1~9级评价。结果 经过两轮专家咨询对指标体系进行修正完善,最终构建的指标体系包含3个一级指标(结构、过程、结果)、9个二级指标(政策保障、服务提供、患者负担等)、25个三级指标(机构制度保障、服务数量、次均费用等)和81个四级指标(纳入机构发展规划、出院人数及人均医药费用等)。第一轮专家咨询的专家积极系数为93.3%,权威系数为0.900,3个一级指标的肯德尔(Kendall’s W)系数分别为0.194、0.115、0.126;第二轮专家咨询的专家积极系数为92.9%,权威系数为0.900,3个一级指标的Kendall’s W系数分别为0.417、0.241、0.322。结论 基于“结构-过程-结果”框架构建的包含四级指标的安宁疗护服务综合评价指标体系,具有一定的创新性和实践性,能够作为量化评价和比较不同试点机构、不同区域间安宁疗护服务质量和效果的科学工具,有助于促进试点地区安宁疗护服务规范化、同质化发展。