ANTI-CANCER EFFECT OF PSP PURIFIED PRODUCTS ON HUMAN TUMOR CELL LINES IN VITRO

The anti-cancer effect of PSP purified products, PSP-A, PSP-B, PSP-C and crude product PSP-Cr was compared on four human tumor cell lines in vitro. It was found that the inhibition rate of cell proliferation of PSP-A was higher than that of PSP-Cr (P<0. 05). On SPC cells, the inhibition rate of PSP-A at a dosage of 1000μg/ml was 62. 7%, being the highest as compared with those on the other three cell lines. Morphological changes were seen in all the four cell lines, especially in SPC cells after PSP-A treatment.

Synergistic effects of focus ultrasound with different frequency and hematoporphyrin on human tumor cells

Human hematopoietic cell K 562 , human melenoma cell LiBr and human stomach cancer cells were exposed to ultrasound (US, 1.75 W/cm\+2, 1.4, 2.16 and 2.4 MHz) in vitro in the presence or absence of hematoporphyrin (Hp, 100 μg/mL). The cell damaging effects of treatments were determined by means of the Trypan Blue dye exclusion test, MTT test and FDA test. The experimental results showed that the same cell line had different sensibilities to the US of different frequencies, and different cell line had different damage at the same acoustical radiation. The combined treatment with US and Hp enhanced greatly the cell damage, and no sensibility of insonation cells to US with Hp was observed. The cell damage tests showed that the results of MTT test corresponded well with that of Trypan Blue dye test.

Inhibition of telomerase with human telomerase reverse transcriptase antisense increases the sensitivity of tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells

Aim： To investigate the effect of inhibition of telomerase with human telomerase reverse transcriptase （hTERT） antisense on tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells （PC3）. Methods： Antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide （AS PS-ODN） was synthesized and purified. Telomerase activity was measured using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol （TRAP） and polymerase chain reaction enzyme-linked immunoassay （PCR-ELISA）. hTERT mRNA was measured by reverse transcription PCR （RT-PCR） assay and gel-image system, hTERT protein was detected by immunochemistry and flow cytometry. Cell viability was detected by 3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium （MTT） assay. Cell apoptosis was observed by morphological method and determined by flow cytometry. Results： The telomerase activity decreased with time after hTERT AS PS-ODN treatment. The levels of hTERT mRNA decreased with time after hTERT AS PS-ODN treatment, which appeared before the decline of the telomerase activity. The percentage of positive cells of hTERT protein declined with time after hTERT AS PS-ODN treatment, which appeared after the decline of hTERT mRNA. There was no difference in telomerase activity, hTERT mRNA and protein levels between hTERT sense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide （S PS-ODN） and the control group. The cell viability decreased with time after hTERT AS PS-ODN combined with TNF-α treatment. The percentage of apoptosis increased with time after hTERT AS PS-ODN combined with TNF-α treatment. There was no difference in cell viability and the percentage of apoptosis between hTERT S PS-ODN and the control group. Conclusion： hTERT AS PS-ODN can significantly inhibit telomerase activity by downregulating the hTERT mRNA and protein expression, and inhibition of telomerase with hTERT antisense can enhance TNF-α- induced apoptosis of PC3 cells.

Improving recognition of hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor:Case report and literature review

A 58-year-old man presented with the chief complaint of abdominal bloating and was incidentally found to have a liver tumor.As diagnostic imaging studies could not rule out malignancy,the patient underwent partial resection of segment 3 of the liver.The lesion pathologically showed eosinophilic proliferation,in addition to immunohistochemical positivity for human melanoma black 45 and Melan-A,thereby leading to the diagnosis of a hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor(PEComa).A PEComa arising from the liver is relatively rare.Moreover,the name ‘PEComa' has not yet been widely recognized,and the same disease entity has been called epithelioid angiomyolipoma(EAML),further diminishing the recognition of PEComa.In addition,PEComa imaging findings mimic those of malignant liver tumors,and clinically,this tumor tends to enlarge.Therefore,a PEComa is difficult to diagnose.We conducted a systematic review of PEComa and EAML cases and discuss the results,including findings useful for differentiating perivascular epithelioid cell tumors from malignant liver tumors.

Human papillomavirus 16 E6 is associated with the nuclear matrix of esophageal carcinoma cells

AIM: To explore the etiologic role of HPV infection in esophageal carcinoma, and the association of HPV-16 E6with the nuclear metrix of carcinoma cells.METHODS: Two esophageal carcinoma cell lines, EC/CUHK1 and EC/CUHK2, were tested for HPV-16 E6subgenetic fragment by polymerase chain reaction amplification of virus DNA associated nuclear matrix. RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry were also used to visualizethe expression of E6 subgene in the cells.RESULTS: The HPV-16 E6 subgenetic fragment wes found to be present in nuclear metrix-associeted DNA, E6oncoprotein localized in the nucleus where it is tightly associated with nuclear matrix after sequential extraction in EC/CUHK2 cells. It was not detected, however, in EC/CUHK1 cells.CONCLUSION: The interaction between HPV-16 E6 and nuclear matrix may contribute to the virus induced carcinogenesis in esophageal carcinoma.

<i>In Vitro</i>Evaluation System of Pharmacokinetics and Irradiation Effect in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) Using Three-Dimensional Artificial Human Tumor Tissue Model

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on the incorporation of boron-containing drugs to cancer cells and the nuclear reaction of 10B atoms by thermal neutron irradiation results in tumor degeneration. For the development of this therapy, currently, long time and high cost consuming experiments using many animals are required. In this study, we constructed a new in vitro evaluation system for BNCT by combination of an artificial tumor tissue model, comprised of normal human dermal-derived fibroblast (NHDF) and human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC3, and the optical plastic material CR-39 as a solid state nuclear track detector. Administration of boronophenylalanine (10BPA) as a boron-containing drug and neutron irradiation up to 2.52 × 1012 n/cm2 to the control tissue constructed by NHDF (NHDF3D) and BxPC3 cell loaded tissue (NHDF3D/BxPC3) resulted in detection of 1.6 times higher number of α-ray/recoiled Li particle tracks in NHDF3D/BxPC3 in comparison to NHDF3D, demonstrating that putative irradiation damage to cancer cells can be evaluated by this system. On a cellular level, the hit number of α-ray/recoiled Li particle tracks per single BxPC3 cells and NHDF was evaluated as 5.46 and 1.71, respectively. The tumor and normal tissue ratio (T/N ratio) was 3.19, which was corresponded with those of BPA as 2 - 4 that reported in the previous studies. This new in vitro evaluation system may provide a useful tool for a low cost, labor-saving, and non-animal method for the development of new boron-containing drugs or improvement of BNCT conditions.

Radiation Sensitivity of <i>in Vitro</i>Evaluation System of Pharmacokinetics in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) Using Three-Dimensional Artificial Human Tumor Tissue Model

One of the important matters that must be determined in advance when performing BNCT treatment is the optimization of neutron irradiation time and dose. In this article, following the previous article (2.52 × 1012 n/cm2) (Case 1), double irradiation (5.04 × 1012 n/cm2) was further performed (Case 2) by verifying the radiation sensitivity performance of the artificial tumor tissue NHDF3D/BxPC3 and the possibility of evaluating the optimum neutron dose required for treatment was examined. As a result, although the radiation damage rate in the normal tissue NHDF3D and the tumor tissue BxPC3 increased in proportion to the irradiation dose due to heavy irradiation in Case 1 or more, the increase in the damage rate in the normal tissue exceeded the tumor tissue. Furthermore, the tumor/normal tissue damage ratio T/N ratio showed the maximum value in Case 1, and the dose ratio in Case 2 with a higher dose showed a tendency to decrease. From the above experimental facts, it was shown that irradiation dose optimization is possible to some extent by an evaluation method using an artificial tumor tissue.

Effects of increased human tumor necrosis factor-like molecule 1A expression in peripheral blood of children with acute Guillain-Barre syndrome on interferon-gamma secretion

BACKGROUND： Human tumor necrosis factor-like molecule 1A （hTL1A） is a strong T helper cell type 1 （Thl） co-stimulator. Guillain-Barre syndrome （GBS） is an autoimmune disorder of the nervous system, which is mediated by Thl cells. OBJECTIVE： To determine hTL1A expression in peripheral blood T lymphocytes of acute GBS children and the effects of hTL1A on secretion of interferon-γ. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, neuroimmunological in vitro study was performed at the Central Laboratory of First Hospital of Jilin University, China from November 2005 to November 2007. MATERIALS： Venous blood samples were obtained from 6 healthy donors, aged 6-12 years （all routine blood examination items were normal）, and 6 additional children with acute GBS, aged 6-12 years. The GBS children fell ill within 1 week and were not treated with hormones or immunoglobulin Purified recombinant human soluble tumor necrosis factor-like molecule 1A （rhsTL1A, 1 mg/mL, relative molecular mass 22 000, 6× His tag, soluble form） was supplied by the Central Laboratory of First Hospital of Jilin University, China. METHODS： Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from healthy donors using the standard Ficoll gradient centrifugation and were incubated in 96-well culture plates. The cells were assigned to the following groups： control （2 μg/mL phytohemagglutinin）, 2μg/mL phytohemagglutinin ＋ 25, 100 and 400 ng/mL rhsTL1A. T cell proliferation was quantified using the tritiated thymidine （3H-TdR） method. Serum interferon-γ levels in acute GBS children were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The ratio of hTL1A-positive T cells to CD3-positive T cells in peripheral blood of acute GBS children was determined using flow cytometry. Following in vitro pre-activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by 2 μg/mL phytohemagglutinin, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were treated with 400 ng/mL exogenous rhsTLIA. Finally, peripheral blood mononuclear cell-secreted interferon-γlevels were measured by ELISA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The following parameters were measured： rhsTLIA stimulation index to stimulate proliferation of T cells; the serum interferon-γ levels in acute GBS children; the ratio of hTL1A-positive cells to CD3-positive cells; the levels of interferon-γ secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in acute GBS children, as well as rhsTL1A-stimulated interferon-γ levels. RESULTS： T cell proliferation assay revealed that the stimulation index in each rhsTL1A group was greater than the control group. The stimulation index of the 400 ng/mL rhsTL1A group was the greatest. Serum interferon-γ levels in acute GBS children were significantly greater than the control group （P 〈 0.05）. The ratio of hTLIA＋ CD3＋ T cells to CD3＋ T cells in acute GBS children was significantly greater than the control group （P 〈 0.01 ）. Phytohemagglutinin stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells to a greater extent than 400 ng/mL rhsTL1A in the acute GBS group, and the secreted interferon-γ levels were significantly increased （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： In T cells pre-activated with 2 μg/mL phytohemagglutinin, proliferation was effectively increased with 400 ng/mL rhsTL1A treatment. Expression of hTLIA was increased in activated T cells from peripheral blood of acute GBS children, followed by increased interferon-γ secretion. These mechanisms are considered to be part of the pathological process that induces the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in GBS syndrome.

lncRNA TP53TG1在牙髓中的表达和对牙髓干细胞转录炎症因子的影响

目的探究lncRNA TP53TG1在健康和炎症牙髓中的表达差异,以及对脂多糖(LPS)诱导后人牙髓干细胞(hDPSCs)炎症因子转录水平的影响。方法设计合成lncRNA探针,利用RNA荧光原位杂交技术检测健康和炎症牙髓组织中lncRNA TP53TG1的表达情况。通过酶解组织块法分离培养hDPSCs,对培养的hDPSCs进行多向分化诱导验证,并通过流式细胞术鉴定表型特征。将hDPSCs分为si-NC组、si-NC+LPS组、si-TP53TG1+LPS组,分别转染对照序列和TP53TG1的siRNA,再用LPS处理si-NC+LPS组和si-TP53TG1+LPS组24 h,通过qRT-PCR检测各组炎症因子IL-1β、IL-8以及TNF-α的mRNA表达水平。结果在健康牙髓组织中可观察到lncRNA TP53TG1的表达,主要分布在成牙本质细胞中。炎症状态下,lncRNA TP53TG1的表达量上升,全牙髓可见分布。LPS处理后,hDPSC的TNF-α、IL-1β以及IL-8的mRNA表达水平上升,下调lncRNA TP53TG1导致hDPSCs的TNF-αmRNA表达水平进一步升高。结论lncRNA TP53TG1可能参与调控牙髓炎症过程和成牙本质细胞的免疫调控作用。

乳腺癌患者循环肿瘤细胞及其激素受体、人表皮生长因子受体2表达意义的研究进展

乳腺癌作为女性发病率最高的肿瘤,严重威胁女性生命健康,同时肿瘤具有高度异质性,也给检测及治疗带来困难。液体活检突破常规组织学活检壁垒,其无创、便捷、实时的特征在精准医疗中展现出巨大潜力。循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)检测作为液体活检中最具代表性的检查手段被广泛应用于临床。本文基于循环肿瘤细胞特点及特性以及对目前循环肿瘤细胞检测技术的介绍,结合乳腺癌经典分子标志物雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)在肿瘤细胞上的表达发现,在乳腺癌疾病的进展及转移过程中ER、PR及HER2表达会发生动态改变。因此,通过检测CTC上ER、PR及HER2受体的表达情况,可以及时发现肿瘤细胞的动态变化,有助于实时监测复发及转移,及时调整治疗方案,从而从最大程度上改善乳腺癌患者的预后。

肿瘤坏死因子α上调脑血管内皮细胞RH蛋白C表达的机制

目的研究在肝性脑病中发挥强效作用的促炎因子肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)对人脑微血管内皮细胞(human brain microvascular endothelial cell,HBMEC)中RH蛋白C(rhesus glycoprotein of C,RHCG)表达的调控和潜在的作用机制。方法HBMEC复苏,传5代,以适宜浓度铺孔板在孵箱中培养,并通过与TNF-α(浓度为0.1μg/mL内皮细胞培养基ECM)的共培养,按照作用时间不同分组,运用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(reverse transcription PCR,RT-PCR)及Western Blot,检测HBMEC中RhCG mRNA及蛋白随着TNF-α作用时间延长表达量的变化,并统计变化趋势。根据以上结果选择表达量最高的时间点加PKC抑制剂Safingol处理,分组:(1)TNF-α处理0 h组;(2)TNF-α处理24 h组;(3)Safingol单独处理组;(4)TNF-α+Safingol抑制剂组:预先用Safingol处理HBMEC细胞1 h后,再予TNF-α刺激24 h。应用Western Blot方法检测HBMEC中RhCG蛋白的表达水平,并统计RhCG蛋白不同组别的变化趋势。结果RhCG蛋白随着TNF-α作用时间的延长表达增加,24 h表达量最高。RhCG mRNA随着TNF-α作用时间的延长表达增加,24 h表达量最高。加入处理因素PKC-α特异性抑制剂Safingol后,RhCG蛋白的表达随之下降,差异有统计学意义。结论肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α可以上调HBMEC细胞中RhCG mRNA及蛋白的表达。PKC-α参与TNF-α上调HBMEC中RhCG蛋白表达的调控。

合并人类乳头瘤病毒16型、18型感染的宫颈小细胞癌1例及文献复习

持续高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染是导致宫颈恶性肿瘤发生发展的主要病因,因此,人们通常认为宫颈小细胞癌的发病与HPV感染的关系密切。目前在宫颈癌症患者中,超过90%可以检测到高危型HPV16型和18型感染。宫颈小细胞神经内分泌癌(SCNECC)是一种发病率低、侵袭性强、预后较差的原发性宫颈恶性肿瘤,最近的研究表明,SCNECC是HPV驱动的,但尚未建立像HPV感染与宫颈鳞状细胞癌、腺癌一样的因果关系。主要原因是其临床样本量少,相关研究证据不足,其与HPV感染之间的相关性难以定论。本文报告了一例罕见的合并HPV16型、18型感染的宫颈小细胞癌,详细描述了其临床诊断和治疗过程,分析宫颈小细胞癌的免疫学组化特点,总结经验,并结合最新文献进一步探讨宫颈小细胞癌与HPV感染的相关性,以期与临床医师一同进行探讨与学习,为宫颈小细胞癌的诊疗提供新思路。

脂多糖和肿瘤坏死因子α对人牙髓干细胞增殖和成骨分化的影响

目的探讨脂多糖(LPS)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)对人牙髓干细胞(hDPSCs)增殖和分化的影响。方法体外分离培养hDPSCs,分别用不同浓度LPS(0,0.1,1,10μg/mL)和TNF-α(0,1,10,100 ng/mL)培养细胞。培养24,48,72 h,应用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)检测hDPSCs增殖活性变化;培养7,14,21 d应用茜素红(AR)染色试剂盒和5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚-磷酸盐(BCIP)/氯化硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)碱性磷酸酯酶(ALP)显色试剂盒检测hDPSCs肉眼观AR染色变化、钙结节定量、ALP染色和ALP活性等成骨分化指标。结果①CCK-8实验显示1,10,100 ng/mL TNF-α作用于hDPSCs 24,48,72 h后细胞增殖活力降低(P<0.05)。AR成骨诱导染色结果显示培养7,14 d,TNF-α各浓度组肉眼观AR染色无明显差异;培养21 d,10 ng/mL和100 ng/mL TNF-α组矿化程度相比0 ng/mL组低(P<0.05)。ALP染色和ALP活性试剂盒分析显示诱导培养7,14,21 d后,相比0 ng/mL组,1 ng/mL,10 ng/mL和100 ng/mL TNF-α组ALP染色变浅,且ALP活性降低(P<0.05)。②CCK-8实验显示不同浓度LPS作用hDPSCs 24 h和48 h后细胞增殖活性没有明显差异,而1μg/mL和10μg/mL组LPS作用hDPSCs 72 h后OD_(450)值大于0μg/mL组(P<0.05)。ALP成骨诱导染色显示培养7,14,21 d,不同浓度LPS作用后ALP染色和ALP活性变化不明显。AR成骨诱导染色显示培养7 d,LPS各浓度组的矿化程度不明显;10μg/mL LPS培养14,21 d矿化程度较0μg/mL低(P<0.05)。结论LPS对hDPSCs成骨分化的影响取决于LPS浓度和作用时间,高浓度LPS促进hDPSCs增殖。TNF-α抑制hDPSCs的增殖和成骨分化。

老鹳草素对炎性微环境中人牙周膜干细胞成骨分化的影响

目的探究老鹳草素(geraniin,GER)对炎性微环境中人牙周膜干细胞(hPDLSCs)成骨分化及核因子-κB(NF-κB)的影响。方法将从人牙周膜组织中分离鉴定的hPDLSCs分为对照组、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)组、0.1μmol/L老鹳草素组(0.1GER组)、1μmol/L老鹳草素组(1GER组)、10μmol/L老鹳草素组(10GER组)和100μmol/L老鹳草素组(100GER组)。对照组hPDLSCs用成骨诱导培养液培养,TNF-α组hPDLSCs用含有10 ng/mL TNF-α的成骨诱导培养液培养,0.1GER组、1GER组、10GER组和100GER组hPDLSCs分别用含有10 ng/mL TNF-α以及0.1,1,10,100μmol/L的老鹳草素的成骨诱导培养液培养。培养21 d,采用可见光比色法检测各组细胞中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性。采用茜素红染色观察钙化结节形成。通过qRT-PCR检测Runt相关转录因子2(RUNX2)、骨桥蛋白(OPN)、骨钙素(OCN)、osterix(OSX)、牙本质涎磷蛋白(DSPP)mRNA相对表达量。通过Western blot检测NF-κB p65磷酸化水平。结果与对照组比较,TNF-α组细胞的相对ALP活性和钙化结节程度均降低(P<0.05),RUNX2、OPN、OCN、OSX和DSPP的mRNA相对表达量均降低(P<0.05),NF-κB p65相对磷酸化水平升高(P<0.05)。与TNF-α组比较,1GER组、10GER组、100GER组细胞的相对ALP活性和钙化结节程度均升高(P<0.05),RUNX2、OPN、OCN、OSX和DSPP对的mRNA相对表达量均升高(P<0.05),NF-κB p65相对磷酸化水平降低(P<0.05)。结论老鹳草素可提高炎性微环境中hPDLSCs的成骨分化能力,其机制可能与抑制NF-κB的激活有关。

TNF-α通过ERK1/2-Runx2信号通路调控SHED成骨分化能力的实验研究

目的:探讨肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)对人脱落乳牙牙髓干细胞(stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth,SHED)骨分化能力的影响,分析ERK1/2-Runx2信号通路在该调控过程中的变化。方法:从6~8岁健康儿童正常乳恒牙替换即将脱落的乳切牙中分离和培养SHED,取第三代细胞,分为对照组(成骨诱导剂培养)、观察组(成骨诱导剂和TNF-α共培养)和激动剂组(成骨诱导剂、TNF-α和ERK通路激动剂共培养)。采用茜素红染色评价成骨分化功能,采用Western印迹检测SHED细胞中Osterix、OPN、ERK1/2、pERK1/2和Runx2的蛋白表达水平,应用qRT-PCR检测Osterix、OPN、ERK1/2、pERK1/2和Runx2 mRNA的表达。采用SPSS 26.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:3组细胞成骨分化能力比较结果显示,3组细胞中均可见红棕色矿化结节。3组组间相比,对照组矿化结节最多,激动剂组次之,观察组最少。与对照组相比,观察组和激动剂组的Osterix、OPN蛋白和mRNA表达水平显著下降,而激动剂组Osterix、OPN蛋白和mRNA表达水平显著高于观察组;3组细胞的ERK1/2蛋白和mRNA表达水平无显著差异,而观察组和激动剂组pERK1/2和Runx2的蛋白和mRNA表达水平显著高于对照组,激动剂组的蛋白及mRNA表达水平显著高于观察组。结论:TNF-α对SHED成骨分化具有抑制作用,该作用可能与抑制ERK1/2-Runx2信号通路有关。

Aberrant expression of nuclear matrix proteins during HMBA-induced differentiation of gastric cancer cells

AIM: To investigate the aberrant expression of nuclear matrix proteins in human gastric cancer cells before and after hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) treatment.METHODS: Proteomics analysis of differential nuclear matrix proteins was performed by two dimensional electrophoresis polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.The expression levels of three nuclear matrix proteins were further confirmed by Western blotting and their locations in nuclear matrix filament were observed by quantum dots-based immunofluorescence.RESULTS: Proteomics analysis showed that 43 protein spots were significantly changed due to HMBA treatment.Fifteen proteins were identified in the HMBAinduced differentiation of gastric tumor cells.Eight proteins spots were down-regulated while seven were up-regulated.Among these proteins,prohibitin,nucleophosmin and hnRNP A2/B1 were significantly decreased in HMBA-treated human gastric cancer cells,and their locations in nuclear matrix were altered by HMBA.Our results proved the alteration of specific nuclear matrix proteins during the differentiation of human gastric cancer cells.And the aberrant expressions of nuclear matrix proteins were of significance in revealing the regulatory mechanism of tumor cell proliferation and differentiation.CONCLUSION: The aberrant expressions and intracellular redistributions of nuclear matrix proteins before and after HMBA treatment indicated that nuclear matrix proteins play a pivotal role in the differentiation of gastric cancer cells.

Morphological Study on the Mechanism of Tumor-selective Cytocidal Action of Tumor Necrosis Factor

Using light microscopy and electron microscopy, we observed the morphological changes inheuman hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (SMMC-7721) treated with tumor necrosis tumor necrosis factor (TNF)and the cytocidal effect of TNF on the heterotransplanted human hepatocellular carcinoma. It wasfound that the changes of the injury occurred earlier in the cell membranes than in the nuclei duringthe course of TNF killing of SMMC-7721 cells and there were similar lesions around the necroticarea in the heterotransplanted human hepatocellular carcinoma in the nude mice as compared withthose produced in SMMC-7721 cells. In addition, the determination of the DNA content in TNF-treated SMMC-7721 cells and controls revealed no significant difference between them. On the basisof these results and Darzynkiewicz’s proposals, it is suggested that TNF exerts its tumor-selectivekilling effect by binding to a specific to a specific plasma membrane receptor to disturb synthesis or assembly ofcell membrane components, thus causing the plasma membrane injury and finally cell lysis.

Rapid and Simple Analysis of <i>N</i>-Aspartylchlor in E6 (Talaporfin) Using Fluorescence Microtiterplate and Its Application for Determination in Cells, Tissues and Blood

N-aspartylchlorin e6 (talaporfin) concentrations in cancer cells, mouse liver tissues, and human plasma specimens were determined with fluorescence microtiter plate analysis. Talaporfin standard curves were obtained in each of the sample specimens of cells, mouse tissues, or human plasma including serial concentration of talaporfin. The correlation co-efficiencies (r2) of talaporfin standard curves were 0.99-1.00, and the CV less than 5%. Talaporfin incorporation into cells of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 after incubating with 25 μg/mL talaporfin for up to 24 h revealed that the t-max of the drug incorporation was approximately 5 h, and the maximum drug concentration incorporated was 25 μg/107 cells. Talaporfin incorporation into MCF-7 cells was significantly decreased in the presence of 3 μg/mL cyc-losporine (p < 0.05). Balb/c nu/nu mice implanted human cholangiocarcinoma NOZ cells in liver were administered intravenously 5mg/mouse of talaporfin, and the tissues of normal liver and tumor, as well as plasma specimens, were analyzed for talaporfin concentrations. The mean (SD) of talaporfin concentration in plasma after 30 min of administration was 41.6 (2.3) μg/mL, while the level decreased to undetectable concentrations 2 h after administration. In contrast, the talaporfin concentrations in normal and tumor tissues after 30 min of administration were 1.1-7.8 μg/g tissue, and the level slightly increased or was almost maintained for up to 2-4 h after administration. The heparinized blood of the healthy subjects was incubated with 25 μg/mL talaporfin for up to 24 h. The plasma talaporfin concentration did not significantly change during the incubation, and thus talaporfin appears not to be incorporated into the blood cells. We established rapid and simple analysis procedures of talaporfin in biological specimens using a fluorescence microtiter plate assay. Using this assay procedure, the unique pattern of talaporfin disposition and pharmacokinetics were revealed in human cancer cells, liver tissues of tumor bearing mice, and human blood.

阿可拉定长循环脂质体的制备与药效学评价

目的制备阿可拉定长循环脂质体(icaritin PEGylated liposomes,Ica-Lips),并评价其对人源肝癌细胞(hepaloblasloma G2,HepG2)的体内抗肿瘤效果。方法采用冷冻干燥-水化法制备Ica-Lips,并在透射电镜下观察Ica-Lips的微观形态,测定Ica-Lips的包封率、粒径分布、Zeta电位,以及在pH7.4磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)以及大鼠血浆中的药物释放特性;并考察了Ica-Lips的稳定性;比较了Ica-Lips与Ica原料药在大鼠体内的药动学行为,评价Ica-Lips对小鼠接种人源肝癌细胞(HepG2)的抑瘤效果。结果制备的Ica-Lips呈类球状分布,其包封率为96.4%±0.3%,平均粒径为(108.4±3.6)nm,Zeta电位为(-12.9±0.2)mV;与Ica-Lips在pH7.4 PBS中的释药速率相比,其在大鼠血浆中的释药速率明显加快;Ica-Lips在低温条件下保存3个月,稳定性良好;药动学研究表明,Ica-Lips可显著延长药物在大鼠体内的滞留时间,增加药物的生物利用度;药效学研究表明,Ica-Lips对小鼠接种人源肝癌细胞(HepG2)的抑瘤效果显著高于Ica溶液(P<0.05)。结论将阿可拉定制备成长循环脂质体,提高了抗肿瘤效果,具有潜在的临床应用价值。

基于PI3K/Akt信号通路探讨温下方乙酸乙酯部位对A549细胞移植瘤裸鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用

目的探讨温下方乙酸乙酯部位经调控PI3K/Akt信号通路抑制A549细胞移植瘤生长的作用及机制。方法建立人肺腺癌A549细胞移植瘤裸鼠模型,随机分为模型组、阳性对照组(顺铂注射液,2.0 mg/kg)和温下方高、中、低剂量组(400、200、100 mg/kg),每组5只,药物干预5周后,取裸鼠肿瘤,称定质量并计算抑瘤率,HE染色观察裸鼠肿瘤病理形态学变化,TUNEL染色检测裸鼠肿瘤凋亡情况,Western blot法检测裸鼠肿瘤组织Akt、p-Akt、PI3K、p-PI3K、MMP-3、caspase-3、Bcl-2蛋白表达。结果与模型组比较,顺铂组和温下方各剂量组肿瘤质量和瘤组织p-Akt、p-PI3K、MMP-3、Bcl-2蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),凋亡阳性细胞面积比例和瘤组织caspase-3蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),肿瘤细胞出现不同程度的坏死。结论温下方乙酸乙酯部位可抑制裸鼠A549细胞移植瘤的生长,其机制可能与调控PI3K/Akt信号通路有关。