Biodiesel production by hydroesterification of microalgal biomass using heterogeneous catalyst

This paper assesses the hydroesterification process for the production of Biodiesel from Monoraphidium contortum (MORF-1) microalgae biomass, as it is a sustainable alternative not only economically, but also environmentally and ecologically to replace petroleum diesel fuel. The Biodiesel studied in this work was obtained from fatty acid esterification, a product of microalgae and methanol biomass hydrolysis reaction. CBMM’s (HY-340) niobium oxide powder was used as catalyst. The reactions were carried out in a properly closed autoclave reactor (batch), where the reagents were mixed under constant stirring at 500 rpm for hydrolysis and esterification. The products generated were submitted to gas chromatography and oxidative stability analysis. The hydroesterification process showed itself to be a promising alternative to the conventional biodiesel production process (transesterification) as it favors the use of feedstocks with any acidity and moisture content and may be performed with acid catalyst, which favors high conversions in a small range of time (30 minutes).

Synthesis of Methyl 3-Hydroxypropanoate by Hydroesterification of Ethylene Oxide over Dicobalt Octacarbonyl Catalyst

Methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate was synthesized via hydroesterification of ethylene oxide with CO in the presence of dicobalt octacarbonyl catalyst and methanol solvent. The catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity. The effect of reaction temperature, CO pressure, methanol dosage, catalyst dosage and reaction time on catalytic reaction was investigated. The test results revealed that this reaction was greatly affected by reaction temperature, but it was not significantly affected by the CO pressure, the methanol dosage, the catalyst dosage and the reaction time. Under the optimal conditions, the conversion of ethylene oxide was equal to 92.24%, while the selectivity and yield of methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate reached 88.99% and 84.35%, respectively.

Preparation of Sodium Cobalt Tetracarbonyl and Optimization of Process Conditions for Hydroesterification of Ethylene Oxide

In this paper, sodium cobalt tetracarbonyl （NaCo（CO）4） was synthesized by using sodium dithionite and zinc powder as the reduction system and cobalt hexahydrate acetate as the precursor in the presence of methanol solvent. Methyl 3-hydroxypropionate was synthesized via hydroesterification of ethylene oxide （EO） catalyzed by NaCo（CO）4. The influencing factors on the reaction results were discussed, including the different ligands, the molar ratio of solvent and ethylene oxide, the reaction temperature, the reaction time, and the reaction pressure. An optimal catalytic system was obtained by using 3-hydroxypyridine as the ligoad under reaction conditions covering a reaction temperature 65 ℃, a reaction time of 7 h, a reaction pressure of 6 MPa, and a methoaol/EO molar ratio of 3：2. Under the optimal conditions, the conversion of ethylene oxide was equal to 97.86%, while the selectivity and yield of methyl 3-hydroxypropionate reached 88.19% and 86.30%, respectively. Finally, the reaction mechanism of hydroesterification of ethylene oxide catalyzed by NaCo（CO）4 was proposed.

Pd-Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Hydroesterification of Terminal Alkyl Olefins with Formates

Comprehensive Summary A Pd-catalyzed regioselective hydroesterification of alkyl terminal olefins with aryl formates is described.A wide variety of linear carboxylic esters bearing various functional groups can be obtained in good yields with high regioselectivities under mild reaction conditions by using 1,2-DTBPMB or(p-F-Ph)3P as ligand.The reaction process is operationally simple and requires no handling of toxic CO or strong acid.The resulting aryl esters can be readily converted to other carboxylic acid derivatives.