The article summarizes the achievements of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) and briefs the International Strategy of Disaster Reduction (ISDR) which is being carried out on a global scal...The article summarizes the achievements of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) and briefs the International Strategy of Disaster Reduction (ISDR) which is being carried out on a global scale in the 21st Century. It also presents the developments, components and workings of the China Disaster Reduction Center (CDRC) , emphasizing its role in the integrated disaster reduction in contemporary China. The frequently seen natural and artificial disasters in China’s urban areas are summed up with proposals on the overall planning, organization, programming. system. engineering, counterplans and preventive experiments of integrated urban disaster reduction. The article finally defines the relationship between CDRC and integrated urban disaster reduction, and proposes measures for promoting the development of CDRC. It stresses that all efforts of disaster prevention and mitigation in China will serve its long-range strategic goals. It is expected that the direct economic loss from disasters in China will decrease from the current 3. 8% to 0. 5% of China’s GNP in 100 years, thus catching up with the developed countries in this field and making an important contribution to the sustained social-economic development of the country.展开更多
AIM： To study the amino acid substitutions in the carboxy （C）-terminal part of E2 protein and in the interferon （IFN） sensitivity determining region （ISDR） and their correlation with response to IFN and viral l...AIM： To study the amino acid substitutions in the carboxy （C）-terminal part of E2 protein and in the interferon （IFN） sensitivity determining region （ISDR） and their correlation with response to IFN and viral load in 85 hepatitis C virus （HCV）-lb-infected patients treated with IFN. METHODS： The C-terminal part of E2 （codons 617-711） including PKR/eIF2α phosphorylation homology domain （PePHD） and ISDR was sequenced in 85 HCV-1b-infected patients treated by IFN monotherapy. RESULTS： The amino acid substitutions in PePHD detected only in 4 of 85 patients were not correlated either with response to iFN or with viral load. The presence of substitutions in a N-terminal variable region （codons 617-641） in the C-terminal part of E2 was significantly correlated with both small viral load （33.9% vs 13.8%, P = 0.0394） and sustained response to iFN （25.0% vs 6.9 %, P = 0.0429）. Four or more substitutions in ISDR were significantly correlated with both small viral load （78.6% vs 16.2%, P 〈 0.0001） and sustained response to iFN （85.7% vs 2.9%, P 〈 0.0001）. In multivariate analysis, ISDR in nonstructural （NS） 5A （OR = 0.39, P 〈 0.0001） and N-terminal variable region （OR = 0.51, P = 0.039） was selected as the independentpredictors for small viral load, and ISDR （OR = 39.0, P 〈 0.0001） was selected as the only independent predictor for sustained response. CONCLUSION： The N-terminal variable region in the C-terminal part of E2 correlates with both response to IFN monotherapy and viral load and is one of the factors independently associated with a small viral load.展开更多
Zusammenfassung: Nach der Publikationen von japanischen Wissenschaftlern seien Patienten mit 5 oder mehr Mutationen in der NS5A Region (Aminosauren (aa) 2209 2248) von Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) 1b (sogenannt“Inteferon...Zusammenfassung: Nach der Publikationen von japanischen Wissenschaftlern seien Patienten mit 5 oder mehr Mutationen in der NS5A Region (Aminosauren (aa) 2209 2248) von Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) 1b (sogenannt“Inteferon Sensitivity Determining Region”, ISDR) fur Interferon α (IFN α) Therapie empfindlich. Diese Behauptung wurde aber mit den Daten aus europaischen Patienten bezweifelt. In diese Arbeit wurden HCV Isolate von 12 Patienten mit chronischer Hepatitis C analysiert. Neun Patienten werden nach der IFN α Therapie als komplettes Anspreschen (CR) definiert, wahrend die anderen nur partiell (PR, 2 Falle) oder nicht (NR, 1 Fall) angesprochen haben. Unsere Resultate zeigen, da 3 Patienten mit CR keine Mutation in der ISDR haben, und die anderen haben jeweils nur eine einzelne Aminosaure (z. B. aa 2213 und aa 2218) ausgetauscht. Ahnlich wie bei den europaischen Patienten konnen wir bei unseren Patienten die ISDR fur das Ansprechen von IFN α nicht erkennen.展开更多
文摘The article summarizes the achievements of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) and briefs the International Strategy of Disaster Reduction (ISDR) which is being carried out on a global scale in the 21st Century. It also presents the developments, components and workings of the China Disaster Reduction Center (CDRC) , emphasizing its role in the integrated disaster reduction in contemporary China. The frequently seen natural and artificial disasters in China’s urban areas are summed up with proposals on the overall planning, organization, programming. system. engineering, counterplans and preventive experiments of integrated urban disaster reduction. The article finally defines the relationship between CDRC and integrated urban disaster reduction, and proposes measures for promoting the development of CDRC. It stresses that all efforts of disaster prevention and mitigation in China will serve its long-range strategic goals. It is expected that the direct economic loss from disasters in China will decrease from the current 3. 8% to 0. 5% of China’s GNP in 100 years, thus catching up with the developed countries in this field and making an important contribution to the sustained social-economic development of the country.
文摘AIM： To study the amino acid substitutions in the carboxy （C）-terminal part of E2 protein and in the interferon （IFN） sensitivity determining region （ISDR） and their correlation with response to IFN and viral load in 85 hepatitis C virus （HCV）-lb-infected patients treated with IFN. METHODS： The C-terminal part of E2 （codons 617-711） including PKR/eIF2α phosphorylation homology domain （PePHD） and ISDR was sequenced in 85 HCV-1b-infected patients treated by IFN monotherapy. RESULTS： The amino acid substitutions in PePHD detected only in 4 of 85 patients were not correlated either with response to iFN or with viral load. The presence of substitutions in a N-terminal variable region （codons 617-641） in the C-terminal part of E2 was significantly correlated with both small viral load （33.9% vs 13.8%, P = 0.0394） and sustained response to iFN （25.0% vs 6.9 %, P = 0.0429）. Four or more substitutions in ISDR were significantly correlated with both small viral load （78.6% vs 16.2%, P 〈 0.0001） and sustained response to iFN （85.7% vs 2.9%, P 〈 0.0001）. In multivariate analysis, ISDR in nonstructural （NS） 5A （OR = 0.39, P 〈 0.0001） and N-terminal variable region （OR = 0.51, P = 0.039） was selected as the independentpredictors for small viral load, and ISDR （OR = 39.0, P 〈 0.0001） was selected as the only independent predictor for sustained response. CONCLUSION： The N-terminal variable region in the C-terminal part of E2 correlates with both response to IFN monotherapy and viral load and is one of the factors independently associated with a small viral load.
文摘Zusammenfassung: Nach der Publikationen von japanischen Wissenschaftlern seien Patienten mit 5 oder mehr Mutationen in der NS5A Region (Aminosauren (aa) 2209 2248) von Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) 1b (sogenannt“Inteferon Sensitivity Determining Region”, ISDR) fur Interferon α (IFN α) Therapie empfindlich. Diese Behauptung wurde aber mit den Daten aus europaischen Patienten bezweifelt. In diese Arbeit wurden HCV Isolate von 12 Patienten mit chronischer Hepatitis C analysiert. Neun Patienten werden nach der IFN α Therapie als komplettes Anspreschen (CR) definiert, wahrend die anderen nur partiell (PR, 2 Falle) oder nicht (NR, 1 Fall) angesprochen haben. Unsere Resultate zeigen, da 3 Patienten mit CR keine Mutation in der ISDR haben, und die anderen haben jeweils nur eine einzelne Aminosaure (z. B. aa 2213 und aa 2218) ausgetauscht. Ahnlich wie bei den europaischen Patienten konnen wir bei unseren Patienten die ISDR fur das Ansprechen von IFN α nicht erkennen.
