Objective:To address the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationship between different lineages of Anopheles(An.)subpictus species complex in most parts of the Asian continent by maximum utilization of Internal Tran...Objective:To address the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationship between different lineages of Anopheles(An.)subpictus species complex in most parts of the Asian continent by maximum utilization of Internal Transcriber Spacer 2(ITS2)and cytochrome C oxidase I(COI)sequences deposited at the GenBank.Methods:Seventy-five ITS2,210 COI and 26 concatenated sequences available in the NCBI database were used.Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Bayesian likelihood trees,whereas median-joining haplotype networks and time-scale divergence trees were generated for phylogeographic analysis.Genetic diversity indices and genetic differentiation were also calculated.Results:Two genetically divergent molecular forms of An.subpictus species complex corresponding to sibling species A and B are established.Species A evolved around 37-82 million years ago in Sri Lanka,India,and the Netherlands,and species B evolved around 22-79 million years ago in Sri Lanka,India,and Myanmar.Vietnam,Thailand,and Cambodia have two molecular forms:one is phylogenetically similar to species B.Other forms differ from species A and B and evolved recently in the above mentioned countries,Indonesia and the Philippines.Genetic subdivision among Sri Lanka,India,and the Netherlands is almost absent.A substantial genetic differentiation was obtained for some populations due to isolation by large geographical distances.Genetic diversity indices reveal the presence of a long-established stable mosquito population,at mutation-drift equilibrium,regardless of population fluctuations.Conclusions:An.subpictus species complex consists of more than two genetically divergent molecular forms.Species A is highly divergent from the rest.Sri Lanka and India contain only species A and B.展开更多
目的在沉香性状、显微和理化鉴别、浸出物含量测定的基础上,通过探讨不同品种间的r DNA TIS2序列差异及系统发育分析,为商品沉香的鉴定提供分子生物学依据。方法以白木香、商品沉香及人工诱导沉香为材料,对其进行醇溶性浸出物测定、性...目的在沉香性状、显微和理化鉴别、浸出物含量测定的基础上,通过探讨不同品种间的r DNA TIS2序列差异及系统发育分析,为商品沉香的鉴定提供分子生物学依据。方法以白木香、商品沉香及人工诱导沉香为材料,对其进行醇溶性浸出物测定、性状及显微鉴别,提取总DNA、扩增r DNA ITS2片段并直接测定序列,MEGA5.0软件计算种内种间Kimura 2-parameter(K2P)遗传距离并进行系统发育分析,构建邻接树(NJ)和最大简约树(MP)。结果人工沉香、商品沉香醇溶性浸出物含量均高于10%,性状和显微鉴别均符合《中国药典》(2010年版)一部有关规定。沉香种内平均K2P遗传距离为0-0.003,种间平均K2P遗传距离为0.005-0.023。白木香、人工沉香和商品沉香在系统发育树上聚为一支。结论在沉香性状、显微和理化鉴别、浸出物含量分析的基础上,基于ITS2条形码序列可以准确鉴别沉香基源植物,为商品沉香的鉴定提供分子生物学依据。展开更多
文摘Objective:To address the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationship between different lineages of Anopheles(An.)subpictus species complex in most parts of the Asian continent by maximum utilization of Internal Transcriber Spacer 2(ITS2)and cytochrome C oxidase I(COI)sequences deposited at the GenBank.Methods:Seventy-five ITS2,210 COI and 26 concatenated sequences available in the NCBI database were used.Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Bayesian likelihood trees,whereas median-joining haplotype networks and time-scale divergence trees were generated for phylogeographic analysis.Genetic diversity indices and genetic differentiation were also calculated.Results:Two genetically divergent molecular forms of An.subpictus species complex corresponding to sibling species A and B are established.Species A evolved around 37-82 million years ago in Sri Lanka,India,and the Netherlands,and species B evolved around 22-79 million years ago in Sri Lanka,India,and Myanmar.Vietnam,Thailand,and Cambodia have two molecular forms:one is phylogenetically similar to species B.Other forms differ from species A and B and evolved recently in the above mentioned countries,Indonesia and the Philippines.Genetic subdivision among Sri Lanka,India,and the Netherlands is almost absent.A substantial genetic differentiation was obtained for some populations due to isolation by large geographical distances.Genetic diversity indices reveal the presence of a long-established stable mosquito population,at mutation-drift equilibrium,regardless of population fluctuations.Conclusions:An.subpictus species complex consists of more than two genetically divergent molecular forms.Species A is highly divergent from the rest.Sri Lanka and India contain only species A and B.
文摘目的在沉香性状、显微和理化鉴别、浸出物含量测定的基础上,通过探讨不同品种间的r DNA TIS2序列差异及系统发育分析,为商品沉香的鉴定提供分子生物学依据。方法以白木香、商品沉香及人工诱导沉香为材料,对其进行醇溶性浸出物测定、性状及显微鉴别,提取总DNA、扩增r DNA ITS2片段并直接测定序列,MEGA5.0软件计算种内种间Kimura 2-parameter(K2P)遗传距离并进行系统发育分析,构建邻接树(NJ)和最大简约树(MP)。结果人工沉香、商品沉香醇溶性浸出物含量均高于10%,性状和显微鉴别均符合《中国药典》(2010年版)一部有关规定。沉香种内平均K2P遗传距离为0-0.003,种间平均K2P遗传距离为0.005-0.023。白木香、人工沉香和商品沉香在系统发育树上聚为一支。结论在沉香性状、显微和理化鉴别、浸出物含量分析的基础上,基于ITS2条形码序列可以准确鉴别沉香基源植物,为商品沉香的鉴定提供分子生物学依据。