The study presents a comprehensive coupled thermo-bio-chemo-hydraulic(T-BCH)modeling framework for stabilizing soils using microbially induced calcite precipitation(MICP).The numerical model considers relevant multiph...The study presents a comprehensive coupled thermo-bio-chemo-hydraulic(T-BCH)modeling framework for stabilizing soils using microbially induced calcite precipitation(MICP).The numerical model considers relevant multiphysics involved in MICP,such as bacterial ureolytic activities,biochemical reactions,multiphase and multicomponent transport,and alteration of the porosity and permeability.The model incorporates multiphysical coupling effects through well-established constitutive relations that connect parameters and variables from different physical fields.It was implemented in the open-source finite element code OpenGeoSys(OGS),and a semi-staggered solution strategy was designed to solve the couplings,allowing for flexible model settings.Therefore,the developed model can be easily adapted to simulate MICP applications in different scenarios.The numerical model was employed to analyze the effect of various factors,including temperature,injection strategies,and application scales.Besides,a TBCH modeling study was conducted on the laboratory-scale domain to analyze the effects of temperature on urease activity and precipitated calcium carbonate.To understand the scale dependency of MICP treatment,a large-scale heterogeneous domain was subjected to variable biochemical injection strategies.The simulations conducted at the field-scale guided the selection of an injection strategy to achieve the desired type and amount of precipitation.Additionally,the study emphasized the potential of numerical models as reliable tools for optimizing future developments in field-scale MICP treatment.The present study demonstrates the potential of this numerical framework for designing and optimizing the MICP applications in laboratory-,prototype-,and field-scale scenarios.展开更多
Coarse woody debris (CWD) is an important and particular component of forest ecosystems and is extremely important to forest health. This review describes the decomposition process, decomposition model and influence...Coarse woody debris (CWD) is an important and particular component of forest ecosystems and is extremely important to forest health. This review describes the decomposition process, decomposition model and influence factors. CWD decomposition is a complex and continuous process and characterizes many biological and physical processes, including biological respiration, leaching, and fragmentation. All these processes have closed relationships between each other and work synergistically. During decomposition, there are many controlling factors mainly including site conditions (temperature, humidity, and OJCO2concentration), woody substrate quality (diameter, species and compound) and organism in CWD. The decomposition rate is generally expresses through a constant k which indicate the percent mass, volume or density loss over time, and can be determined by long-term monitoring, chronosequence approach and the radio between input and the total mass. Now using mathematical models to simulate decomposition patterns and estimate the decomposition rate is widely applied, especially the exponential model. We brought forward that managing and utilizing for the CWD in forest was a primary objective on all forest lands. And it is should be intensified to integrate many related research subjects and to carry a comprehensive, long-term and multi-scale research which mainly focus on seven sections.展开更多
In order to evaluate the geological characteristics and gas-bearing factors of Niutitang Formation within the Lower Cambrian of northern Guizhou,the Huangping area located at the southern edge of the ancient uplift be...In order to evaluate the geological characteristics and gas-bearing factors of Niutitang Formation within the Lower Cambrian of northern Guizhou,the Huangping area located at the southern edge of the ancient uplift belt of Xuefeng Mountain was selected as the target area,and Well Huangdi 1 was drilled for the geological survey of shale gas.Through geological background analysis and well logging and laboratory analysis such as organic geochemical test,gas content analysis,isothermal adsorption,and specific surface area experiments on Well Huangdi 1,the results show that the Niutitang Formation is a deep-water shelf,trough-like folds and thrust fault.The thickness of black shale is 119.95 m,of which carbonaceous shale is 89.6 m.The average value of organic carbon content is 3.55%,kerogen vitrinite reflectance value is 2.37% and kerogen type is sapropel-type.The brittle mineral content is 51%(quartz 38%),clay mineral content is 38.3%.The value of porosity and permeability are 0.5%and 0.0014 mD,which the reservoir of the Niutitang Formation belongs to low permeability with characteristics of ultra-low porosity.The gas content is 0.09‒1.31 m^3/t with a high-value area and a second high-value area.By comparing with the geological parameters of adjacent wells in the adjacent area,the accumulation model of“sediment control zone,Ro control zone,structure controlling reservoir”in the study area is proposed.Therefore,deep-water shelf-slope facies,Ro is between high maturity-early stage of overmaturity and well-preserved zones in the Niutitang Formation in this area are favorable direction for the next step of shale gas exploration.展开更多
<strong>Objective</strong>: This paper aims to explore clinical status and related influence factors of pressure injury (PI) in the elderly inpatients with kidney disease, so as to provide reference for th...<strong>Objective</strong>: This paper aims to explore clinical status and related influence factors of pressure injury (PI) in the elderly inpatients with kidney disease, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of PI in the elderly inpatients with kidney disease. <strong>Methods</strong>: Retrospective collection method is adopted to collect 158 clinical cases of the elderly inpatients with kidney disease aged ≥ 60 in the Nephrology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from January 2017 to December 2019, and then least absolute shrinkage and selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis is used to analyze 17 possible influence factors;finally Logistic regression model is established to analyze and screen influence factors of risk. <strong>Results</strong>: 1) Among 158 elderly inpatients with medium and high risk of PI, the incidence of PI is 20.25%;the most common stage of injury is stage I (42.5%);sacrococcygeal (60%) is the high-risk site of pressure injury. 2) LASSO regression analysis shows that history of present respiratory infection/respiratory failure (<em>β </em>= 1.2714. <em>P</em> < 0.05) and hospitalization time (<em>β</em> = 0.4177. <em>P </em>< 0.05) are independent factors influencing PI risk in the elderly inpatients with kidney disease. <strong>Concl</strong><strong>usio</strong><strong>n</strong>: The elderly patients with kidney disease and PI risk are the high incidence population of hospital acquired PI;for the elderly inpatients with kidney disease and having respiratory infection history or respiratory failure, prolonged hospitalization will significantly increase the risk of PI. Therefore, targeted preventive and control measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of PI.展开更多
Purpose To explore the needs for basic community-based rehabilitation services for disabled persons in Xuanwu District, Beijing, China, and to identify factors which influence disabled persons to accept rehabilitation...Purpose To explore the needs for basic community-based rehabilitation services for disabled persons in Xuanwu District, Beijing, China, and to identify factors which influence disabled persons to accept rehabilitation services. Method One hundred and eight disabled persons were selected by systematic sampling and simple random sampling to assess their needs for community-based rehabilitation services. Results Of the interviewees, 57A% needed the community-based rehabilitation services, but only 13.9% took advantage of it. The main factors influencing the interviewees to accept these services were cost (P〈0.05), knowledge about rehabilitation medicine (P〈0.05); and the belief in the therapeutic benefit of the community-based rehabilitation service (P〈0.05). Conclusion A considerable gap exists between the supply of community-based rehabilitation services in Beijing and the needs for these services by disabled residents underscoring the need for improved availability, and for additional research.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the factors that may influence the successful corneal donation among adults in China.METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in2012. The eligible participants were all the adults registered...AIM: To investigate the factors that may influence the successful corneal donation among adults in China.METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in2012. The eligible participants were all the adults registered in Nanjing Red Cross Eye Bank to donate their corneas after death during the period of 2001 and 2012.Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to investigate the influence factors for successful donation,the outcome events. RESULTS: Totally, 210 of 328(64.0%) registered potential donors successfully donated their corneas after death. The mean(SD) age at registration was 64.7(12.5)for all participants, with 65.5(10.1) and 63.2(15.8) for successful and unsuccessful donors, respectively. With multivariate logistic regression analysis, five factors, the willingness of donation, age, education level, residence area, and cause of death were identified to be associated with successful corneal donation.CONCLUSION: The willingness of donation and some socio-demographic factors might substantially affect their successful donation after death for people who registered to donate corneas.展开更多
The hydrolysis kinetics of atrazine in distilled water and leaching water from soil, and they influence factors were studied by incubation at 35degreesC and HPLC analysis method. The kinetic process of atrazine hydrol...The hydrolysis kinetics of atrazine in distilled water and leaching water from soil, and they influence factors were studied by incubation at 35degreesC and HPLC analysis method. The kinetic process of atrazine hydrolysis can be described by the first-order reaction law. The results showed that the hydrolysis rate constants k in leaching water and distilled water were 1.606 x 10(-3)/d and 1.055 x 10(-3)/d, respectively; the half-life of atrazine hydrolysis in distilled water at pH 3, pH 4.5 and pH 8 were 373 days, 522 days and 657 days respectively. The results also showed that the proton in reaction solution can catalyze the atrazine hydrolysis; humic acid and NH4+ etc. substances in aqueous solution can facilitate atrazine hydrolysis; rate constants of atrazine hydrolysis with humic acid and NH4NO3 were 2.431 X 10(-3)/d and 1.498 X 10(-3)/d respectively which were 2.3 and 1.42 times of control(1.055 X 10(-3)/d); anion NO3- can inhibit catalysis of humic acid to atrazine hydrolysis.展开更多
The seismic disaster presents a zonal distribution along the fault strike.In this paper,rupture zone of ground surface soil caused by the uniform dislocation,inclined dislocation and warped dislocation of buried norma...The seismic disaster presents a zonal distribution along the fault strike.In this paper,rupture zone of ground surface soil caused by the uniform dislocation,inclined dislocation and warped dislocation of buried normal fault are studied by constituting a three-dimensional finite element model in Automatic Dynamic Incremental Nonlinear Analysis(ADINA).According to the critical value of surface rupture,the variational features and influencing factors of width and starting position of the"avoiding zone"in engineering construction are analyzed by using 96 model calculations.The main results are as follows:(1)Since the rupture zone of the ground surface soil from the point of mechanics is different from the"avoidance zone"from the point of engineering safety,the equivalent plastic strain and the total displacement ratio should be considered to evaluate the effect of the seismic ground movement on buildings.(2)During fault dislocation,plastic failure firstly occurred on the ground surface soil of the footwall side,and then the larger deformation gradually moved to the side of the hanging wall of the fault with the increase of fault displacement.(3)When the vertical displacement of buried fault reaches 3 m,the width of"avoiding zone"in engineering construction varies within the range of 10-90 m,which is most affected by the thickness of overlying soil and the dip angle of the fault.展开更多
Crop straw has huge resource potential. It has an important significance for realizing waste recycling and improving eco-environment to prefect straw marketization system and sufficiently stimulate farmers’ straw mar...Crop straw has huge resource potential. It has an important significance for realizing waste recycling and improving eco-environment to prefect straw marketization system and sufficiently stimulate farmers’ straw marketization behavior. Based on 427 copies of investigation data on farmers,influence mechanism framework of farmers’ straw marketization behavior is constructed,and key factors of farmers’ straw marketization behavior are analyzed. Results show that farmers joining in straw marketization account for 42. 1%; in influence factors of farmers’ straw marketization behavior,cultivated land area,market price level,logistics satisfaction and air quality perception have significantly positive impacts on farmers’ straw marketization behavior,while education degree,agricultural income proportion and traffic convenience have significantly negative impacts on farmers’ straw marketization behavior. Therefore,it needs strengthening propaganda intensity,carrying out reasonable subsidies and support,encouraging and breeding new type of organization,and establishing and improving the price mechanism of straw marketization to perfect straw marketization construction.展开更多
In order to prevent and control environmental mass incidents,by comprehensively using literature research,case analysis and logical reasoning method,27 factors influencing environmental mass incidents were selected. A...In order to prevent and control environmental mass incidents,by comprehensively using literature research,case analysis and logical reasoning method,27 factors influencing environmental mass incidents were selected. Among them,15 key influencing factors were screened by Delphi-PCA-frequency analysis composite method. The key influencing factors were analyzed,and corresponding countermeasures were put forward.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to study influence factors of phosphorus removal by chemical method in sewage treatment system. [ Method] In different reaction systems, removal effect of the phosphorus in sewage by dos...[Objective] The research aimed to study influence factors of phosphorus removal by chemical method in sewage treatment system. [ Method] In different reaction systems, removal effect of the phosphorus in sewage by dosing lime and influence of the constraint factor were stud- ied. [ Result] Lime precipitation method treating high-concentration phosphorus wastewater could not only decline cost of phosphorus removal by chemical method, but also reach better treatment effect under suitable stirring and precipitation conditions by controlling alkalinity and pH. Phosphor- us content of chemical sludge after treatment could reach 9% -12%, with higher recyclable value. E Conclusion] Lime method treating phosphorus- rich sewage was more economic than low-concentration phosphorus sewage, and had very great potential for recycling phosphorus.展开更多
In southern Shaanxi,far from the core areas of politics and economy,the conditions are inconvenient and farmers have been threatened by geology,floods for many years,resulting in a large population of poor people.The ...In southern Shaanxi,far from the core areas of politics and economy,the conditions are inconvenient and farmers have been threatened by geology,floods for many years,resulting in a large population of poor people.The relocation of poverty alleviation project in southern Shaanxi is helpful for improving living standards of people in disaster-stricken areas.Based on the field survey,this paper analyzed 274 valid questionnaires and established a Logistic Regression Analysis Model.The result shows that the health status of head of household,road type before relocation,annual loss of disasters,and changes in the family income after relocation have a greater influence on the relocation willingness of farmers,while the educational level of householder,the distance from the original place of residence to the town and market,the condition of household electricity before relocation and other factors have a little influence on the relocation willingness of farmers.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to study climatic variation characteristics of snow cover days and its influence factors in Suzhou of Anhui Province during recent 50 years. [Method] According to annual snow cover days ...[Objective] The research aimed to study climatic variation characteristics of snow cover days and its influence factors in Suzhou of Anhui Province during recent 50 years. [Method] According to annual snow cover days and correlated data in Suzhou during 1961-2010, by using linear trend method, accumulative anomaly and complete correlation coefficient method, etc., the climatic variation characteristics of snow cover days and its influence factors in Suzhou were analyzed. [Result] In recent 50 years, the snow cover period in Suzhou presented shortened trend. Except days of snow cover (≥20 cm), the annual snow cover days at each thickness all showed varying degrees of decrease trend. The annual snow cover days had wavy decline trend, and the decline amplitude was 0.84 d/10 a. From the 1960s to prior period of the 1970s, the annual snow cover days presented increase trend. From middle and later periods of the 1970s to middle period of the 1980s, the snow cover days was less and gradually increased from later period of the 1980s to the early 1990s. From middle period of the 1990s to 2003, it entered into less snow period again. From 2004 to now, it presented oscillation of snowy and less-snow alternating. The main climatic factor which affected annual snow cover days in Suzhou was average temperature. The second one was average surface temperature. [Conclusion] The research provided theoretical basis for analyzing climate variation in Suzhou under the background of global climate warming.展开更多
In the cooperation model of leading enterprise + farmer,channel stability is always a prominent problem. Based on previous researches,taking farmers in Hainan region as investigation object,the influence factors of ch...In the cooperation model of leading enterprise + farmer,channel stability is always a prominent problem. Based on previous researches,taking farmers in Hainan region as investigation object,the influence factors of channel stability of leading enterprise + farmer are studied by combining the background of formal contract and using the combination method of theory and demonstration. Contract item design,trading cost,product specificity,power structure,information asymmetry and social relationship are contained in analytic framework to establish theoretic model. Research results show that in formal channel management,when contract clause design is more explicit,product specificity is stronger,power structure is more balanced,information share degree is higher,and trading cost is lower,channel is more stable,and farmer's willing to renew contract is stronger. Meanwhile,social relationship plays stronger regulation role.展开更多
The paper analyzed total factor productivity of Binzhou City, and key factors that influence its economic growth and effluent discharge. The results showed that(i) production efficiency of the city during 2005–2013 k...The paper analyzed total factor productivity of Binzhou City, and key factors that influence its economic growth and effluent discharge. The results showed that(i) production efficiency of the city during 2005–2013 kept stable, mean of Malmquist-Luenberger index was 1.044,9 without considering effluent discharge, and the average annual increase rate was 4.49%, and that was 1.020,4 considering effluent discharge, the average annual increase rate was 2.04%, and the increase rate reduced by 2.45%.(ii) GDP growth showed significant negative correlation and positive correlation with capital input and energy input, but insignificant negative correlation and positive correlation with labor force input and technological progress.(iii) Effluent discharge showed insignificant negative correlation and positive correlation with capital input and energy input, but significant negative correlation and positive correlation with labor force input and technological progress.展开更多
Background and Objective: With the popularity and widespread use of mobile phones, the effects of mobile phone dependence and addiction on individuals’ physical and mental health have attracted more and more attentio...Background and Objective: With the popularity and widespread use of mobile phones, the effects of mobile phone dependence and addiction on individuals’ physical and mental health have attracted more and more attention. The present study aims to analyze the current state of mobile phone addiction and its impact on sleep quality within the population, while also exploring the influence of related factors on sleep quality. Ultimately, this research will provide a scientific foundation for targeted intervention measures and strategies. Methods: A total of 253 permanent residents in Nanjing were randomly selected as study subjects. The Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate the degree of smartphone addiction and sleep quality of the study subjects. Body mass index (BMI) was measured according to standardized procedures. Independent sample t-test, Chi-square test, rank sum test and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the correlation between mobile phone addiction and sleep quality, and P Results: 117 people (46.2%) were addicted to mobile phones. Chi-square test showed that the rate of mobile phone addiction in drinking group was significantly higher than that in non-drinking group (P P P P P P P P P P Conclusion: Mobile phone addiction may lead to shorter sleep duration and reduce sleep efficiency. The withdrawal of mobile phone addiction may have a negative impact on sleep quality. According to the characteristics of the population, appropriate comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to build an effective evaluation system, so as to reduce the impact of mobile phone addiction and withdrawal problems on sleep and improve sleep quality.展开更多
Air-layer drag reduction (ALDR) technology for ship energy saving is getting more and more attention in recent years because of the outstanding drag reduction effect. In order to promote practical application, it is n...Air-layer drag reduction (ALDR) technology for ship energy saving is getting more and more attention in recent years because of the outstanding drag reduction effect. In order to promote practical application, it is necessary to fully understand the two phase flow characteristics of the air layer. Recent experimental studies have shown that the surface of the air layer presents wave pattern, which has an important influence on its damage risk. However, it is difficult to measure the wave pattern quantificationally due to the interference of equipment. The main goal of the present paper is to investigate the wave pattern characteristic of air layer in cavity using numerical simulation method. On this basis, the effect of flow and geometric influence factors are discussed to understand the key control conditions. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical method based on Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and volume of fluid (VOF) interface capturing method is established, and has been successfully applied in the simulation of air layer wave pattern. Both 2-D and 3-D simulations are carried out, aiming at analyzing air-water interface flow and vortex flow directly. Based on the simulation results, several important conclusions about the mechanism of air layer wave pattern can be obtained. Firstly, it is found to be an inherent characteristic that the wave height of the upstream air layer is higher than that of the downstream. The extremely high wave peak is easy to contact with the flat plate, leading to the breakup of air layer and a “central blank area” phenomenon. With the help of flow analysis, it is found that this characteristic is mainly caused by the strong counterclockwise vortex behind the bow wedge block. Secondly, the air layer stability is reduced with the increase of water flow velocity by affecting the wave height. There is a saturation point of air flow rate to reach maximum thickness of air layer. Thirdly, cavity configuration has obvious influence on air layer stability by influencing vortex flow field. The increase of cavity depth and width can aggravate the unsteady and nonlinear characteristics of air layer. Finally, comprehensive design criteria are concluded from the view of geometrical configuration and flow conditions. A cavity with the moderate depth and width can avoid the upstream damage of air layer. Longitudinal position of air nozzles should be set within the low pressure zone behind the wedge block for stable air layer formation.展开更多
Land dissection density(LDD)provides morphological evidence regarding prior intense soil erosion and quantifies the distribution of land dissections.A comprehensive understanding of the potential factors influencing t...Land dissection density(LDD)provides morphological evidence regarding prior intense soil erosion and quantifies the distribution of land dissections.A comprehensive understanding of the potential factors influencing the spatial pattern and value of the LDD is vital in geological disasters,soil erosion,and other related domains.Land dissection phenomena in China affects large areas with different morphological,pedological,and climatic characteristics.Prior studies have focused on the potential factors influencing the LDD at a watershed scale.However,these results are insufficient to reflect the status quo of dissection development and its primary influencing factors on a national scale.LDD’s spatial patterns and the dominant factors at a regional scale in millions of square kilometers remain to be ascertained.This study used the geomorphon-based method and the geographical detector model to quantify the spatial pattern of LDD over China and identify the dominant factors affecting this pattern in China’s six first-order geomorphological regions(GR1~GR6).The results yield the following findings:(1)LDD in China ranges from 0~4.55 km/km^(2),which is larger in central and eastern regions than in other regions of China;(2)dominant factors and their dominant risk subcategories vary with each geomorphological region’s primary internal and external forces;(3)the influence of natural factors is more significant on the large regional scale in millions of square kilometers compared to anthropogenic factors;relief degree of land surface(RDLS)is dominant in GR1,GR2,and GR5;the slope is dominant in GR6,soil type is dominant in GR3 and GR4,and lithology plays a critical role in the dominant interactions of GR3,GR4,and GR6;(4)the interactions between factors on LDD’s spatial pattern have a more significant effect than individual factors.展开更多
Rural settlement is the basic spatial unit for compact communities in rural area. Scientific exploration of spatial-temporal differentiation and its influencing factors is the premise of spatial layout rationalization...Rural settlement is the basic spatial unit for compact communities in rural area. Scientific exploration of spatial-temporal differentiation and its influencing factors is the premise of spatial layout rationalization. Based on land use data of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture(hereinafter referred to as Liangshan Prefecture) in Sichuan Province, China from 1980 to 2020, compactness index, fractal dimension, imbalance index, location entropy and the optimal parameters-based geographical detector(OPGD) model are used to analyze the spatial-temporal evolution of the morphological characteristics of rural settlements, and to explore the influence of natural geographical factors, socioeconomic factors, and policy factors on the spatial differentiation of rural settlements. The results show that:(1) From 1980 to 2020, the rural settlements area in Liangshan Prefecture increased by 15.96 km^(2). In space, the rural settlements are generally distributed in a local aggregation, dense in the middle and sparse around the periphery. In 2015, the spatial density and expansion index of rural settlements reached the peak.(2) From 1980 to 2020, the compactness index decreased from 0.7636 to 0.7496, the fractal dimension increased from 1.0283 to 1.0314, and the fragmentation index decreased from 0.1183 to 0.1047. The spatial morphological structure of rural settlements tended to be loose, the shape contour tended to be complex, the degree of fragmentation decreased, and the spatial distribution was significantly imbalanced.(3) The results of OPGD detection in 2015 show that the influence of each factor is slope(0.2371) > traffic accessibility(0.2098) > population(0.1403) > regional GDP(0.1325) > elevation(0.0987) > poverty alleviation(0). The results of OPGD detection in 2020 show that the influence of each factor is slope(0.2339) > traffic accessibility(0.2198) > population(0.1432) > regional GDP(0.1219) > poverty alleviation(0.0992) > elevation(0.093). Natural geographical factors(slope and elevation) are the basic factors affecting the spatial distribution of rural settlements, and rural settlements are widely distributed in the river valley plain and the second half mountain area. Socioeconomic factors(traffic accessibility, population, and regional GDP) have a greater impact on the spatial distribution of rural settlements, which is an important factor affecting the spatial distribution of rural settlements. Policy factors such as poverty alleviation relocation have an indispensable impact on the spatial distribution of rural settlements. The research results can provide decisionmaking basis for the spatial arrangement of rural settlements in Liangshan Prefecture, and optimize the implementation of rural revitalization policies.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to investigate the incidence of enteral nutrition intolerance(ENI)in patients with sepsis and explore potential risk factors.Methods:A case-control study was conducted in patients with sepsi...Objective:This study aimed to investigate the incidence of enteral nutrition intolerance(ENI)in patients with sepsis and explore potential risk factors.Methods:A case-control study was conducted in patients with sepsis who were receiving enteral nutrition(EN)at a tertiary hospital in China.The included patients were divided into the ENI group and the non-ENI group.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for ENI.Results:A total of 859 patients were included in the study.Among them,288(33.53%)patients experienced symptoms of ENI,including diarrhea,vomiting,bloating,and gastric retention.Logistic regression analysis revealed that the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation H(APACHE H)score,thoracocentesis,and usage of cardiotonic drugs(namely,inotropes)were independent predictors of the ENI.Conclusion:The incidence of ENI is relatively high in patients with sepsis,especially in those who have higher APACHE H scores,have undergone thoracocentesis,and have received inotropes.展开更多
基金support from the OpenGeoSys communitypartially funded by the Prime Minister Research Fellowship,Ministry of Education,Government of India with the project number SB21221901CEPMRF008347.
文摘The study presents a comprehensive coupled thermo-bio-chemo-hydraulic(T-BCH)modeling framework for stabilizing soils using microbially induced calcite precipitation(MICP).The numerical model considers relevant multiphysics involved in MICP,such as bacterial ureolytic activities,biochemical reactions,multiphase and multicomponent transport,and alteration of the porosity and permeability.The model incorporates multiphysical coupling effects through well-established constitutive relations that connect parameters and variables from different physical fields.It was implemented in the open-source finite element code OpenGeoSys(OGS),and a semi-staggered solution strategy was designed to solve the couplings,allowing for flexible model settings.Therefore,the developed model can be easily adapted to simulate MICP applications in different scenarios.The numerical model was employed to analyze the effect of various factors,including temperature,injection strategies,and application scales.Besides,a TBCH modeling study was conducted on the laboratory-scale domain to analyze the effects of temperature on urease activity and precipitated calcium carbonate.To understand the scale dependency of MICP treatment,a large-scale heterogeneous domain was subjected to variable biochemical injection strategies.The simulations conducted at the field-scale guided the selection of an injection strategy to achieve the desired type and amount of precipitation.Additionally,the study emphasized the potential of numerical models as reliable tools for optimizing future developments in field-scale MICP treatment.The present study demonstrates the potential of this numerical framework for designing and optimizing the MICP applications in laboratory-,prototype-,and field-scale scenarios.
基金This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30470302&70373044)Overseas Scholar Funding from Chinese Academy of Science (C13HU&C13HK).
文摘Coarse woody debris (CWD) is an important and particular component of forest ecosystems and is extremely important to forest health. This review describes the decomposition process, decomposition model and influence factors. CWD decomposition is a complex and continuous process and characterizes many biological and physical processes, including biological respiration, leaching, and fragmentation. All these processes have closed relationships between each other and work synergistically. During decomposition, there are many controlling factors mainly including site conditions (temperature, humidity, and OJCO2concentration), woody substrate quality (diameter, species and compound) and organism in CWD. The decomposition rate is generally expresses through a constant k which indicate the percent mass, volume or density loss over time, and can be determined by long-term monitoring, chronosequence approach and the radio between input and the total mass. Now using mathematical models to simulate decomposition patterns and estimate the decomposition rate is widely applied, especially the exponential model. We brought forward that managing and utilizing for the CWD in forest was a primary objective on all forest lands. And it is should be intensified to integrate many related research subjects and to carry a comprehensive, long-term and multi-scale research which mainly focus on seven sections.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05034)project of China Gelogical Survey(DD20160181).
文摘In order to evaluate the geological characteristics and gas-bearing factors of Niutitang Formation within the Lower Cambrian of northern Guizhou,the Huangping area located at the southern edge of the ancient uplift belt of Xuefeng Mountain was selected as the target area,and Well Huangdi 1 was drilled for the geological survey of shale gas.Through geological background analysis and well logging and laboratory analysis such as organic geochemical test,gas content analysis,isothermal adsorption,and specific surface area experiments on Well Huangdi 1,the results show that the Niutitang Formation is a deep-water shelf,trough-like folds and thrust fault.The thickness of black shale is 119.95 m,of which carbonaceous shale is 89.6 m.The average value of organic carbon content is 3.55%,kerogen vitrinite reflectance value is 2.37% and kerogen type is sapropel-type.The brittle mineral content is 51%(quartz 38%),clay mineral content is 38.3%.The value of porosity and permeability are 0.5%and 0.0014 mD,which the reservoir of the Niutitang Formation belongs to low permeability with characteristics of ultra-low porosity.The gas content is 0.09‒1.31 m^3/t with a high-value area and a second high-value area.By comparing with the geological parameters of adjacent wells in the adjacent area,the accumulation model of“sediment control zone,Ro control zone,structure controlling reservoir”in the study area is proposed.Therefore,deep-water shelf-slope facies,Ro is between high maturity-early stage of overmaturity and well-preserved zones in the Niutitang Formation in this area are favorable direction for the next step of shale gas exploration.
文摘<strong>Objective</strong>: This paper aims to explore clinical status and related influence factors of pressure injury (PI) in the elderly inpatients with kidney disease, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of PI in the elderly inpatients with kidney disease. <strong>Methods</strong>: Retrospective collection method is adopted to collect 158 clinical cases of the elderly inpatients with kidney disease aged ≥ 60 in the Nephrology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from January 2017 to December 2019, and then least absolute shrinkage and selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis is used to analyze 17 possible influence factors;finally Logistic regression model is established to analyze and screen influence factors of risk. <strong>Results</strong>: 1) Among 158 elderly inpatients with medium and high risk of PI, the incidence of PI is 20.25%;the most common stage of injury is stage I (42.5%);sacrococcygeal (60%) is the high-risk site of pressure injury. 2) LASSO regression analysis shows that history of present respiratory infection/respiratory failure (<em>β </em>= 1.2714. <em>P</em> < 0.05) and hospitalization time (<em>β</em> = 0.4177. <em>P </em>< 0.05) are independent factors influencing PI risk in the elderly inpatients with kidney disease. <strong>Concl</strong><strong>usio</strong><strong>n</strong>: The elderly patients with kidney disease and PI risk are the high incidence population of hospital acquired PI;for the elderly inpatients with kidney disease and having respiratory infection history or respiratory failure, prolonged hospitalization will significantly increase the risk of PI. Therefore, targeted preventive and control measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of PI.
基金This research got support by Beijing Education Committee as a key-point project on humanities and social sciences (Grant No. SZ200410025005).
文摘Purpose To explore the needs for basic community-based rehabilitation services for disabled persons in Xuanwu District, Beijing, China, and to identify factors which influence disabled persons to accept rehabilitation services. Method One hundred and eight disabled persons were selected by systematic sampling and simple random sampling to assess their needs for community-based rehabilitation services. Results Of the interviewees, 57A% needed the community-based rehabilitation services, but only 13.9% took advantage of it. The main factors influencing the interviewees to accept these services were cost (P〈0.05), knowledge about rehabilitation medicine (P〈0.05); and the belief in the therapeutic benefit of the community-based rehabilitation service (P〈0.05). Conclusion A considerable gap exists between the supply of community-based rehabilitation services in Beijing and the needs for these services by disabled residents underscoring the need for improved availability, and for additional research.
文摘AIM: To investigate the factors that may influence the successful corneal donation among adults in China.METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in2012. The eligible participants were all the adults registered in Nanjing Red Cross Eye Bank to donate their corneas after death during the period of 2001 and 2012.Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to investigate the influence factors for successful donation,the outcome events. RESULTS: Totally, 210 of 328(64.0%) registered potential donors successfully donated their corneas after death. The mean(SD) age at registration was 64.7(12.5)for all participants, with 65.5(10.1) and 63.2(15.8) for successful and unsuccessful donors, respectively. With multivariate logistic regression analysis, five factors, the willingness of donation, age, education level, residence area, and cause of death were identified to be associated with successful corneal donation.CONCLUSION: The willingness of donation and some socio-demographic factors might substantially affect their successful donation after death for people who registered to donate corneas.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.29777026)the Major Project Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZ951-B1-209-01)
文摘The hydrolysis kinetics of atrazine in distilled water and leaching water from soil, and they influence factors were studied by incubation at 35degreesC and HPLC analysis method. The kinetic process of atrazine hydrolysis can be described by the first-order reaction law. The results showed that the hydrolysis rate constants k in leaching water and distilled water were 1.606 x 10(-3)/d and 1.055 x 10(-3)/d, respectively; the half-life of atrazine hydrolysis in distilled water at pH 3, pH 4.5 and pH 8 were 373 days, 522 days and 657 days respectively. The results also showed that the proton in reaction solution can catalyze the atrazine hydrolysis; humic acid and NH4+ etc. substances in aqueous solution can facilitate atrazine hydrolysis; rate constants of atrazine hydrolysis with humic acid and NH4NO3 were 2.431 X 10(-3)/d and 1.498 X 10(-3)/d respectively which were 2.3 and 1.42 times of control(1.055 X 10(-3)/d); anion NO3- can inhibit catalysis of humic acid to atrazine hydrolysis.
基金This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41877294 and 51421005)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(No.D2017403020).
文摘The seismic disaster presents a zonal distribution along the fault strike.In this paper,rupture zone of ground surface soil caused by the uniform dislocation,inclined dislocation and warped dislocation of buried normal fault are studied by constituting a three-dimensional finite element model in Automatic Dynamic Incremental Nonlinear Analysis(ADINA).According to the critical value of surface rupture,the variational features and influencing factors of width and starting position of the"avoiding zone"in engineering construction are analyzed by using 96 model calculations.The main results are as follows:(1)Since the rupture zone of the ground surface soil from the point of mechanics is different from the"avoidance zone"from the point of engineering safety,the equivalent plastic strain and the total displacement ratio should be considered to evaluate the effect of the seismic ground movement on buildings.(2)During fault dislocation,plastic failure firstly occurred on the ground surface soil of the footwall side,and then the larger deformation gradually moved to the side of the hanging wall of the fault with the increase of fault displacement.(3)When the vertical displacement of buried fault reaches 3 m,the width of"avoiding zone"in engineering construction varies within the range of 10-90 m,which is most affected by the thickness of overlying soil and the dip angle of the fault.
文摘Crop straw has huge resource potential. It has an important significance for realizing waste recycling and improving eco-environment to prefect straw marketization system and sufficiently stimulate farmers’ straw marketization behavior. Based on 427 copies of investigation data on farmers,influence mechanism framework of farmers’ straw marketization behavior is constructed,and key factors of farmers’ straw marketization behavior are analyzed. Results show that farmers joining in straw marketization account for 42. 1%; in influence factors of farmers’ straw marketization behavior,cultivated land area,market price level,logistics satisfaction and air quality perception have significantly positive impacts on farmers’ straw marketization behavior,while education degree,agricultural income proportion and traffic convenience have significantly negative impacts on farmers’ straw marketization behavior. Therefore,it needs strengthening propaganda intensity,carrying out reasonable subsidies and support,encouraging and breeding new type of organization,and establishing and improving the price mechanism of straw marketization to perfect straw marketization construction.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41001338)Key Projects of Henan Colleges and Universities(15A610012)
文摘In order to prevent and control environmental mass incidents,by comprehensively using literature research,case analysis and logical reasoning method,27 factors influencing environmental mass incidents were selected. Among them,15 key influencing factors were screened by Delphi-PCA-frequency analysis composite method. The key influencing factors were analyzed,and corresponding countermeasures were put forward.
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to study influence factors of phosphorus removal by chemical method in sewage treatment system. [ Method] In different reaction systems, removal effect of the phosphorus in sewage by dosing lime and influence of the constraint factor were stud- ied. [ Result] Lime precipitation method treating high-concentration phosphorus wastewater could not only decline cost of phosphorus removal by chemical method, but also reach better treatment effect under suitable stirring and precipitation conditions by controlling alkalinity and pH. Phosphor- us content of chemical sludge after treatment could reach 9% -12%, with higher recyclable value. E Conclusion] Lime method treating phosphorus- rich sewage was more economic than low-concentration phosphorus sewage, and had very great potential for recycling phosphorus.
基金Supported by Social Science Planning Project of Shaanxi Province in 2017(2017D010)Young Scholar Project of National Natural Science Foundation(71603205)
文摘In southern Shaanxi,far from the core areas of politics and economy,the conditions are inconvenient and farmers have been threatened by geology,floods for many years,resulting in a large population of poor people.The relocation of poverty alleviation project in southern Shaanxi is helpful for improving living standards of people in disaster-stricken areas.Based on the field survey,this paper analyzed 274 valid questionnaires and established a Logistic Regression Analysis Model.The result shows that the health status of head of household,road type before relocation,annual loss of disasters,and changes in the family income after relocation have a greater influence on the relocation willingness of farmers,while the educational level of householder,the distance from the original place of residence to the town and market,the condition of household electricity before relocation and other factors have a little influence on the relocation willingness of farmers.
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to study climatic variation characteristics of snow cover days and its influence factors in Suzhou of Anhui Province during recent 50 years. [Method] According to annual snow cover days and correlated data in Suzhou during 1961-2010, by using linear trend method, accumulative anomaly and complete correlation coefficient method, etc., the climatic variation characteristics of snow cover days and its influence factors in Suzhou were analyzed. [Result] In recent 50 years, the snow cover period in Suzhou presented shortened trend. Except days of snow cover (≥20 cm), the annual snow cover days at each thickness all showed varying degrees of decrease trend. The annual snow cover days had wavy decline trend, and the decline amplitude was 0.84 d/10 a. From the 1960s to prior period of the 1970s, the annual snow cover days presented increase trend. From middle and later periods of the 1970s to middle period of the 1980s, the snow cover days was less and gradually increased from later period of the 1980s to the early 1990s. From middle period of the 1990s to 2003, it entered into less snow period again. From 2004 to now, it presented oscillation of snowy and less-snow alternating. The main climatic factor which affected annual snow cover days in Suzhou was average temperature. The second one was average surface temperature. [Conclusion] The research provided theoretical basis for analyzing climate variation in Suzhou under the background of global climate warming.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation Item(71573100)
文摘In the cooperation model of leading enterprise + farmer,channel stability is always a prominent problem. Based on previous researches,taking farmers in Hainan region as investigation object,the influence factors of channel stability of leading enterprise + farmer are studied by combining the background of formal contract and using the combination method of theory and demonstration. Contract item design,trading cost,product specificity,power structure,information asymmetry and social relationship are contained in analytic framework to establish theoretic model. Research results show that in formal channel management,when contract clause design is more explicit,product specificity is stronger,power structure is more balanced,information share degree is higher,and trading cost is lower,channel is more stable,and farmer's willing to renew contract is stronger. Meanwhile,social relationship plays stronger regulation role.
基金Sponsored by Binzhou Soft Science Research Program(2014RKX10)Binzhou Scientific and Technological Development Program(2013ZC1606)
文摘The paper analyzed total factor productivity of Binzhou City, and key factors that influence its economic growth and effluent discharge. The results showed that(i) production efficiency of the city during 2005–2013 kept stable, mean of Malmquist-Luenberger index was 1.044,9 without considering effluent discharge, and the average annual increase rate was 4.49%, and that was 1.020,4 considering effluent discharge, the average annual increase rate was 2.04%, and the increase rate reduced by 2.45%.(ii) GDP growth showed significant negative correlation and positive correlation with capital input and energy input, but insignificant negative correlation and positive correlation with labor force input and technological progress.(iii) Effluent discharge showed insignificant negative correlation and positive correlation with capital input and energy input, but significant negative correlation and positive correlation with labor force input and technological progress.
文摘Background and Objective: With the popularity and widespread use of mobile phones, the effects of mobile phone dependence and addiction on individuals’ physical and mental health have attracted more and more attention. The present study aims to analyze the current state of mobile phone addiction and its impact on sleep quality within the population, while also exploring the influence of related factors on sleep quality. Ultimately, this research will provide a scientific foundation for targeted intervention measures and strategies. Methods: A total of 253 permanent residents in Nanjing were randomly selected as study subjects. The Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate the degree of smartphone addiction and sleep quality of the study subjects. Body mass index (BMI) was measured according to standardized procedures. Independent sample t-test, Chi-square test, rank sum test and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the correlation between mobile phone addiction and sleep quality, and P Results: 117 people (46.2%) were addicted to mobile phones. Chi-square test showed that the rate of mobile phone addiction in drinking group was significantly higher than that in non-drinking group (P P P P P P P P P P Conclusion: Mobile phone addiction may lead to shorter sleep duration and reduce sleep efficiency. The withdrawal of mobile phone addiction may have a negative impact on sleep quality. According to the characteristics of the population, appropriate comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to build an effective evaluation system, so as to reduce the impact of mobile phone addiction and withdrawal problems on sleep and improve sleep quality.
基金Project supported by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China(Project No.CB01N20-05).
文摘Air-layer drag reduction (ALDR) technology for ship energy saving is getting more and more attention in recent years because of the outstanding drag reduction effect. In order to promote practical application, it is necessary to fully understand the two phase flow characteristics of the air layer. Recent experimental studies have shown that the surface of the air layer presents wave pattern, which has an important influence on its damage risk. However, it is difficult to measure the wave pattern quantificationally due to the interference of equipment. The main goal of the present paper is to investigate the wave pattern characteristic of air layer in cavity using numerical simulation method. On this basis, the effect of flow and geometric influence factors are discussed to understand the key control conditions. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical method based on Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and volume of fluid (VOF) interface capturing method is established, and has been successfully applied in the simulation of air layer wave pattern. Both 2-D and 3-D simulations are carried out, aiming at analyzing air-water interface flow and vortex flow directly. Based on the simulation results, several important conclusions about the mechanism of air layer wave pattern can be obtained. Firstly, it is found to be an inherent characteristic that the wave height of the upstream air layer is higher than that of the downstream. The extremely high wave peak is easy to contact with the flat plate, leading to the breakup of air layer and a “central blank area” phenomenon. With the help of flow analysis, it is found that this characteristic is mainly caused by the strong counterclockwise vortex behind the bow wedge block. Secondly, the air layer stability is reduced with the increase of water flow velocity by affecting the wave height. There is a saturation point of air flow rate to reach maximum thickness of air layer. Thirdly, cavity configuration has obvious influence on air layer stability by influencing vortex flow field. The increase of cavity depth and width can aggravate the unsteady and nonlinear characteristics of air layer. Finally, comprehensive design criteria are concluded from the view of geometrical configuration and flow conditions. A cavity with the moderate depth and width can avoid the upstream damage of air layer. Longitudinal position of air nozzles should be set within the low pressure zone behind the wedge block for stable air layer formation.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42167038,42161005)the Guangxi Scientific Project(Grants No.AD19110140)the Guangxi Scholarship Fund of the Guangxi Education Department and Guangxi Education Department project(Grants No.2022KY1168).
文摘Land dissection density(LDD)provides morphological evidence regarding prior intense soil erosion and quantifies the distribution of land dissections.A comprehensive understanding of the potential factors influencing the spatial pattern and value of the LDD is vital in geological disasters,soil erosion,and other related domains.Land dissection phenomena in China affects large areas with different morphological,pedological,and climatic characteristics.Prior studies have focused on the potential factors influencing the LDD at a watershed scale.However,these results are insufficient to reflect the status quo of dissection development and its primary influencing factors on a national scale.LDD’s spatial patterns and the dominant factors at a regional scale in millions of square kilometers remain to be ascertained.This study used the geomorphon-based method and the geographical detector model to quantify the spatial pattern of LDD over China and identify the dominant factors affecting this pattern in China’s six first-order geomorphological regions(GR1~GR6).The results yield the following findings:(1)LDD in China ranges from 0~4.55 km/km^(2),which is larger in central and eastern regions than in other regions of China;(2)dominant factors and their dominant risk subcategories vary with each geomorphological region’s primary internal and external forces;(3)the influence of natural factors is more significant on the large regional scale in millions of square kilometers compared to anthropogenic factors;relief degree of land surface(RDLS)is dominant in GR1,GR2,and GR5;the slope is dominant in GR6,soil type is dominant in GR3 and GR4,and lithology plays a critical role in the dominant interactions of GR3,GR4,and GR6;(4)the interactions between factors on LDD’s spatial pattern have a more significant effect than individual factors.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41971015)Doctoral research program of China West Normal University (Grant Nos.19E067)。
文摘Rural settlement is the basic spatial unit for compact communities in rural area. Scientific exploration of spatial-temporal differentiation and its influencing factors is the premise of spatial layout rationalization. Based on land use data of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture(hereinafter referred to as Liangshan Prefecture) in Sichuan Province, China from 1980 to 2020, compactness index, fractal dimension, imbalance index, location entropy and the optimal parameters-based geographical detector(OPGD) model are used to analyze the spatial-temporal evolution of the morphological characteristics of rural settlements, and to explore the influence of natural geographical factors, socioeconomic factors, and policy factors on the spatial differentiation of rural settlements. The results show that:(1) From 1980 to 2020, the rural settlements area in Liangshan Prefecture increased by 15.96 km^(2). In space, the rural settlements are generally distributed in a local aggregation, dense in the middle and sparse around the periphery. In 2015, the spatial density and expansion index of rural settlements reached the peak.(2) From 1980 to 2020, the compactness index decreased from 0.7636 to 0.7496, the fractal dimension increased from 1.0283 to 1.0314, and the fragmentation index decreased from 0.1183 to 0.1047. The spatial morphological structure of rural settlements tended to be loose, the shape contour tended to be complex, the degree of fragmentation decreased, and the spatial distribution was significantly imbalanced.(3) The results of OPGD detection in 2015 show that the influence of each factor is slope(0.2371) > traffic accessibility(0.2098) > population(0.1403) > regional GDP(0.1325) > elevation(0.0987) > poverty alleviation(0). The results of OPGD detection in 2020 show that the influence of each factor is slope(0.2339) > traffic accessibility(0.2198) > population(0.1432) > regional GDP(0.1219) > poverty alleviation(0.0992) > elevation(0.093). Natural geographical factors(slope and elevation) are the basic factors affecting the spatial distribution of rural settlements, and rural settlements are widely distributed in the river valley plain and the second half mountain area. Socioeconomic factors(traffic accessibility, population, and regional GDP) have a greater impact on the spatial distribution of rural settlements, which is an important factor affecting the spatial distribution of rural settlements. Policy factors such as poverty alleviation relocation have an indispensable impact on the spatial distribution of rural settlements. The research results can provide decisionmaking basis for the spatial arrangement of rural settlements in Liangshan Prefecture, and optimize the implementation of rural revitalization policies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2501800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272182 and 82072202)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LHDMD22H02001)the Zhejiang University Horizontal Program(No.K-Horizontal 20202295).
文摘Objective:This study aimed to investigate the incidence of enteral nutrition intolerance(ENI)in patients with sepsis and explore potential risk factors.Methods:A case-control study was conducted in patients with sepsis who were receiving enteral nutrition(EN)at a tertiary hospital in China.The included patients were divided into the ENI group and the non-ENI group.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for ENI.Results:A total of 859 patients were included in the study.Among them,288(33.53%)patients experienced symptoms of ENI,including diarrhea,vomiting,bloating,and gastric retention.Logistic regression analysis revealed that the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation H(APACHE H)score,thoracocentesis,and usage of cardiotonic drugs(namely,inotropes)were independent predictors of the ENI.Conclusion:The incidence of ENI is relatively high in patients with sepsis,especially in those who have higher APACHE H scores,have undergone thoracocentesis,and have received inotropes.