Spatial Distribution of Different Types of Villages for Rural Revitalization Strategy and Their Influencing Factors:A Case of Jilin Province,China

Village classification is the first step to implementing China’s rural revitalization(RR)strategy,and understanding the geographic differences in the distribution of village types helps to grasp the pathway of their unique development.This study spatialized9250 villages in Jilin Province(divided into six types)of China,and their distribution characteristics and influencing factors were examined using methods such as kernel density estimation,Ripley’s K function,the co-location quotient,and Geodetector.The results indicate that the spatial distribution balance and density of village types are different.All types of villages show an agglomeration distribution pattern,but the scale and intensity vary.There is a strong spatial association between agglomerative promotion(AP)and stable improvement(SIm)villages,as well as between characteristic protection(CP)and prospering frontier and enriching people(PE)villages.The factors affecting their distribution include terrain undulation,the percentage of arable land,the distance to the county town,road network density,population density,gross domestic product(GDP),and industrial enterprise density.The influencing factors for the distribution of village types are closely related to the function of each village.Based on the differences in the spatial distribution and influencing factors of different village types,policy suggestions are given for classified development.

A New Basal Neoceratopsian Dinosaur from the Middle Cretaceous of Jilin Province,China

A new basal neoceratopsian dinosaur, Helioceratops brachygnathus gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Quantou Formation （late Early Cretaceous or early Late Cretaceous） in the Liufangzi locality （Jilin province, China）. Helioceratops differs from other basal neoceratopsians with its deep dentary ramus, its steeply-inclined ventral predentary facet, its heterogeneous dentary crowns, and by the denticles and secondary ridges asymmetrically distributed on either side of the primary ridge on its dentary teeth. Along with Auroraceratops and Yamaceratops, Helioceratops represents one of the most derived non-coronosaurian neoceratopsians. The palaeogeographical distribution of basal neoceratopsians appears limited to northern China and southern Mongolia in the current state of our knowledge. It is therefore probable that this region constituted the birthplace for more advanced, Late Cretaceous Coronosanria.

Cretaceous Volcanic Events in Southeastern Jilin Province,China:Evidence from Single Zircon U-Pb Ages

Mesozoic volcanic rocks in southeastern Jilin Province are an important component of the huge Mesozoic volcanic belt in the northeastern area. Study of the age of their formation is of great significance to recognize Mesozoic volcanic rule in northeastern China. Along with the research of rare Mesozoic biota and extensive Mesozoic mineralization in western Liaoning, a number of researchers have focused on Mesozoic volcanic events. The authors studied the ages of the Cretaceous volcanic rocks in southeastern Jilin Province using single Zircon U-Pb. The result shows that the Sankeyushu Formation volcanic rocks in the Tonghua area are 119.2 Ma in age, the Yingcheng Formation in the Jiutai area 113.4±3.1 Ma, the Jinjiatun Formation in Pinggang Town of Liaoyuan City and the Wufeng volcanic rocks in the Yanji area 103.2±4.7 Ma and 103.6±1 Ma, respectively. Combined with the data of recent publication on volcanic rocks ages; the Cretaceous volcanic events in southeastern Jilin Province can be tentatively subdivided into three eruption periods： 119 Ma, 113 Ma and 103 Ma. The result not only provides important chronology data for subdividing Mesozoic strata in southeastern Jilin Province, establishing Mesozoic volcanic event sequence, discussing geological tectonic background, and surveying the relation between noble metals to the Cretaceous volcanic rocks, but also offers important information of Mesozoic volcanism in northeastern China.

Extreme meteorological disaster effects on grain production in Jilin Province, China

Extreme meteorological disaster effects on grain production is mainly determined by the interaction between danger degree of hazard-induced factors and vulnerability degree of hazard-affected bodies. This paper treats physical exposure, sensitivity of the response to the impact, and capabilities of disaster prevention and mitigation as a complex system for vulnerability degree of hazard-affected bodies, which included the external shocks and internal stability mechanism. Hazard-induced factors generate external shocks on grain production systems though exposure and sensitivity of hazard-affected body, and the result can be represented as affected area of grain. By quantile regression model, this paper depicts the quantitative relationship between hazard-induced factors of extreme meteorological disaster and the affected area in the tail of the distri- bution. Moreover, the model of production function have also been utilized to expound and prove the quantitative relationship between the affected area and final grain output under the internal stability mechanism of the agricultural natural resources endowment, the input factors of agricultural production, and the capacity of defending disaster. The empirical study of this paper finds that impact effects of drought disaster to grain production system presents the basic law of ＂diminishing marginal loss＂, namely, with the constant improvement of the grade of drought, marginal affected area produced by hazard-induced factors will be diminishing. Scenario simulation of extreme drought impact shows that by every 1% reduction in summer average rainfall, grain production of Jilin Province will fell 0.2549% and cut production of grain 14.69% eventually. In re- sponse to ensure China＇s grain security, the construction of the long-term mechanism of agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation, and the innovation of agricultural risk management tools should be also included in the agricultural policy agenda.

Uranium Series Chronology of the Late Pleistocene Basalt from the Longgang Volcanoes, Jilin Province

The Longgang volcanic cluster located in Jilin Province belongs to one of the active volcanic regions in northeast China, and has been active in modern times. In view of the multiple eruptions in history, it is very important to determine the age of each eruption for evaluating the volcanic hazards. Two alkaline basalt samples taken from Dayizishan and Diaoshuihu were analyzed with the U-series component dating after magnetic separation. The ages of the two samples are (71±9) ka and (106±13) ka B.P., respectively. These data indicate that there existed intensive eruption activities during the late Pleistocene.

Zircon U-Pb Age of the Lamenzi Formation Volcanic Rocks in the Liuhe Basin of Southern Jilin Province, China

Objective A large number of Mesozoic volcano-sedimentary basins is distributed in southern Jilin Province,China,and filled with a great set of coal-bearing strata.According to the petroleum resources evaluation by previous researchers,these basins have decent exploration potential(Wang Dandan et al.,2017).The Liuhe Basin is one of the

Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Green Development Efficiency and Influencing Factors in Restricted Development Zones:A Case Study of Jilin Province,China

Green development is an important issue of sustainable development in China.Due to the relatively backward economy and the fragile ecological environment,restricted development zones need to embrace green development.Taking 38 counties in Jilin Province as the empirical research objects,and based on cross-sectional data for each county in 2005,2010,and 2015,we accurately depicted the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of green development efficiency(GDE)in restricted development zones of Jilin Province using the slacks-based measure-data envelope analysis(SBM-DEA)model.Moreover,the factors that influence GDE were further analyzed using the Tobit model.We found that:first,GDE showed a V-shaped trend in restricted development zones of Jilin Province.The differences in GDE in the eastern,central,and western Jilin Province increased gradually.Second,76%of counties in the restricted development zones had high or higher efficiencies.The resource-based cities were the main areas with low or lower GDE.Third,the economic development level was the core factor affecting GDE.Urbanization level had a significant negative effect on GDE in the restricted development zones.The effect of technological innovation level on GDE fluctuated,and we found that a‘backward mechanism’of technological innovation was beginning to form.Industrial structure and environmental governance had no significant effects on GDE.

Research on Biomass Distribution in Counties and Comprehensive Utilization Layout of Biomass Energy in Jilin Province

Firstly, the distribution of main biomass resources （like straw, livestock manure and forestry residue） in counties of Jilin Province, and then according to the annual output of biomass in each county, the energy regeneration of biomass and project distribution of organic fertilizer were studied, finally the direct economic effect and environmental effect of biomass developed recently were calculated.

Diagnostic Analysis of Rainstorm and Backward Trajectory Simulation of Water Vapor in Jilin Province in July,2010

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze the rainstorm process and backward trajectory simulation of water vapor condition in Jilin Province in July,2010.[Method] Based on the actual situation data of routine weather chart,NCEP (2.5°×2.5°) reanalysis data per 6 h and GBL data of NOAA,the rainstorm process was carried out the diagnostic analysis of physical quantity in Jilin Province in July,2010.Moreover,HYSPLIT backward trajectory mode was used to simulate the water vapor source.[Result] The coexistence of upper-level divergence and low-level convergence generated the ascending motion,which was the dynamic condition of rainstorm appearance.The unstable energy induced by the low-level shear promoted the generation of heavy rainstorm.The water vapor source of precipitation process was divided into the water vapor in the southern sea area,northern high-altitude water vapor transportation and local water vapor source.[Conclusion] The research provided some reference basis for the forecast and analysis of rainstorm.

Prevalence of High Non-high-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Associated Risk Factors in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Jilin Province,China:A Cross-sectional Study

Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases（CVDs）in patients with diabetes,and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（non-HDL-C）is a better predictor of CVDs than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）in patients with diabetes.Therefore,we aimed to investigate the distribution of non-HDL-C and the prevalence of high non-HDL-C level in Chinese patients with diabetes mellitus and identify the

Comparison of energy consumption and economic performance of organic and conventional soybean production——A case study from Jilin Province, China

Modern agriculture heavily depends on energy consumption, especially fossil energy, but intensive energy input increases the production cost for producers and results in environmental pollution.Organic agricultural production is considered a more sustainable system, but there is lack of scientific research on the energy consumption between organic and conventional systems in China.The analysis and comparison of energy use between the two systems would help decision-makers to establish economic, effective and efficient agricultural production.Thus, the objectives of the present study are to analyze energy inputs, outputs, energy efficiency, and economic benefits between organic and conventional soybean（Glycine max（L.） Merrill） production.A total of 24 organic farmers and 24 conventional farmers in Jilin Province, China, were chosen for investigation in 2010 production year.Total energy input was 71.55 GJ ha–1 and total energy output was 96.18 GJ ha–1 in the organic system, resulting in an energy efficiency（output/input） of 1.34.Total energy input was 9.37 GJ ha–1 and total energy output was 113.4 GJ ha–1 in the conventional system, resulting in the energy efficiency of 12.1.The huge discrepancy in energy inputs and respective efficiencies lies in the several times higher nutrient inputs in the organic compared to the conventional production system.Finally, the production costs ha–1 were 33% higher, and the net income ha–1 25% lower in the organic compared to the conventional soybean production system.It is recommended to improve fertilizer management in organic production to improve its energetic and economic performance.

Outcrop Sequence Stratigraphy of Neoproterozoic in Hunjiang Area, Jilin Province

Three depositional sequences have been recognized in the Neoproterozoic of southern Jilin. In this paper, we focus discussion on the parasequences and their stacking patterns in Wanlong, Badaojiang and Qinggouzi formations and on their diachronism by the theory of sequence stratigraphy, event stratigraphy and chronostratigraphy. The authors advance a new comparison of the Neoproterozoic between Jilin and Liaoning provinces.

U-Pb dating and geochemistry of granite porphyry dykes in the Xicha gold-(silver)deposit,southern Jilin Province,China,and their metallogenic significance

We report U-Pb dating of zircon,as well as geochemical and Hf isotope data,in order to constrain the formation time,magma source,and tectonic setting of granite porphyry dykes in the Xicha gold-(silver)district in southern Jilin Province,Northeast China.The zircon grains are euhedral-subhedral,display oscillatory growth zoning and have Th/U ratios varying between 0.11 and 0.78,which together imply a magmatic origin.The dating results indicate the porphyry formed in the Early Cretaceous(122±1 Ma)and it contains SiO2=70.64-72.31 wt%,Al2O3-=13.99-14.64 wt%,K2O+Na2O=6.96-7.81 wt%K2O/Na2O=1.24-2.10,and A/CNK=1.11-1.41.Chemically,the porphyry belongs to a high-K calc-alkaline S-type granite.Chondrite-normalized rare earth elements(REE)patterns show LREE enrichment,light rare earth elements(LREE)/heavy rare earth elements(HREE)=9.93-11.97(La/Yb)N=11.08-15.16,and d Eu=0.69-0.95.On the trace element spider diagram,large ion lithophile elements such as Rb,Ba,K,Th,and U are enriched,whereas the high field strength elements Ti and P are depleted.The e Hf(t)values of zircon from the granite porphyry vary between-17.1 and-13.2,and their Hf two-stage model ages vary from 2.01 to 2.26 Ga,implying that the magma was derived from partial melting of old lower crust.The granite porphyry dykes and many A-type granites in the region formed at the same time,suggesting an extensiona environment.The combination of the occurrence of strong magmatism,large-scale mineralization,and extensiona tectonics throughout much of Eastern China indicate that the Early Cretaceous was a period of significant lithospheric thinning.The southern Jilin Province,therefore,experienced lithospheric thinning during the Early Cretaceous.

Spatio-temporal Pattern and Driving Forces of Comprehensive Agricultural Productivity in Jilin Province,China

Improving comprehensive agricultural productivity is an important measure to realize agricultural modernization.Based on the data from Jilin Statistical Yearbook,this study analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of comprehensive agricultural productivity discrepancy in the main agricultural production areas of Jilin Province,China.The comprehensive agricultural productivity of 25 county-level administrative units were evaluated by a comprehensive index system based on five aspects which included 20 indicators from 2004 to 2017.The pattern of the discrepancy was analyzed by the spatial differentiation indices and spatial convergence theory.The results were as follows:1) the overall comprehensive agricultural productivity was in a ’W-type’ rising trend;2) the discrepancy was in’inverted W-type’ trend;3) the spatial distribution characteristics were mainly discrete plaque and ’inverted V-type’;4) the formation of differences was forced by a combination of internal and external driving forces.Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of rising agricultural productivity and the level of economic and social developments in different counties in Jilin Province.

Community Composition and Structure of Soil Macro-Arthropods Under Agricultural Land Uses in the Black Soil Region of Jilin Province, China

Soil macro-arthropods in the black soil region in Jilin Province of China were investigated with the emphasis laid on the species richness and abundance in relation to the types of land-use, i.e., farm yard, farm land and Three-North Forest Shelter Belt. Soil macro-arthropods were hand-sorted in the field. A total of 2 357 soil macro-arthropod individuals was captured and fell into 70 families. The results suggested that type of land use affected the species richness and abundance of soil macro-arthropods. Agricultural practices had a strong impact on the soil macro-arthropods community, the conventional cultivations changed the vertical structure of macro-arthropods in the soil profile, and improved the richness and abundance of macro-arthropods in the lower soil layers especially in July. The results also showed that different groups of soil macro-arthropods had various responses to land use changes.

Evaluation of Farmers' Working Quality in Jilin Province on the Basis of AHP

In terms of the working quality of agricultural production and the working quality of non-agricultural production, the evaluation index system of the working quality of farmers is established. By using integrated fuzzy method based on AHP, we determine the weight of each index, and establish membership matrix of this evaluation index system. Taking Jilin Province as an example, we select developed regions, underdeveloped regions and comparatively developed regions respectively to conduct survey. By using the data from survey, according to the established evaluation index system, we conduct empirical analysis of the working quality of farmers. The results show that the working quality of farmers in the developed regions is relatively high, the working quality of farmers in the comparatively developed regions is ordinary, and the working quality of farmers in the underdeveloped regions is relatively low; the physical quality, educational quality and technological quality of farmers in the developed regions are high; the operation quality of agricultural production of farmers in the underdeveloped regions is high; the operation quality of non-agricultural production of farmers in the comparatively developed regions is high; the working quality of agricultural production of farmers in the comparatively developed regions and underdeveloped regions is higher than the working quality of non-agricultural production of farmers in the comparatively developed regions and underdeveloped regions; the working quality of non-agricultural industries of farmers in the developed regions is higher than the working quality of agricultural production. The urgent priority of constructing new village is to coordinate urban-rural development, and to offer preferential policies and capital for the villages with backward economic development level.

The First Vertebrate Assemblage Dominated by Fishes and Turtles of the Jehol Biota in Jilin Province, NE China

Objective The Early Cretaceous sediments are well-exposed in southern Jilin Province,and yield abundant invertebrate and plant fossils,including the typical EosestheriaEphemeropsis trisetalis-Lycoptera（E-E-L）assemblage of the Jehol Biota（Shao Tiequan et al.,2017）.However,vertebrate fossils,especially tetrapods,are extremely rare and there is no formal documents on these fossils.Recently,a new fossil site dominated by fishes and turtles has been discovered in the middle part of the

Biological Evaluation of Water Quality for Benthos in Typical Rivers of Eastern Jilin Province

Benthos are aquatic organisms living at the bottom of water bodies for all or most of their life history.Apart from the settled and moving living,their forms of habitat are mostly attached to the hard substrate like rocks or soft bases such as mud and sand.In addition,there are benthic species that attach to the plant surfaces or other benthic animals,and inhabit the intertidal zone.In terms of feeding methods,most benthic animals feed on suspended matter and sediment.Most of them are invertebrates and are a complex ecological group.According to the size,they can be divided into macrobenthos and meio-benthos[1].Benthos are an important part of the water ecosystem.Using a typical river(Gaya River)in eastern Jilin Province,this paper analyzed the water quality,the components of benthic organisms and their biological density through sampling surveys of three typical locations in the upper,middle and lower reaches of the Gaya River.In addition,it made a biological evaluation of the water quality of the Gaya River.

Characterization of mineral element fingerprints under soilcrop systems in eastern and western rice-producing areas of Jilin Province,China

To assess the indicative function of the fingerprint characteristics of mineral elements for small agricultural producing areas,20 sets of soil surface samples and corresponding rice samples were collected from Songyuan and Hunchun of Jilin Province,China.Forty-six mineral elements of brown rice,soil,and rice husk were examined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Ten characteristic elements(Li,Ag,Y,Bi,U,Eu,Er,Rb,Mo and As)were identified via multivariate statistics(Variance importance value analysis and rank sum test in SPSS and SIMCA software packages).The correlation of mineral elements in brown rice,soil,and rice husks of the two sample areas was analyzed and regression analysis models of characteristic mineral elements in brown rice were developed.The results indicate that a correlation exists among brown rice,soil,and rice husks in the same area,and the correlation tests using selected elements showed that all correlation coefficients were 0.65 or above.Differences in brown rice were found between different regions.Consequently,brown rice producing areas can be distinguished by the fingerprint characteristics of mineral elements.