Some studies have confirmed the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning against stroke. Although numerous animal researches have shown that the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning may...Some studies have confirmed the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning against stroke. Although numerous animal researches have shown that the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning may be related to neuroinflammation, cellular immunity, apoptosis, and autophagy, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. This review summarizes the current status of different types of remote ischemic conditioning methods in animal and clinical studies and analyzes their commonalities and differences in neuroprotective mechanisms and signaling pathways. Remote ischemic conditioning has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for improving stroke-induced brain injury owing to its simplicity, non-invasiveness, safety, and patient tolerability. Different forms of remote ischemic conditioning exhibit distinct intervention patterns, timing, and application range. Mechanistically, remote ischemic conditioning can exert neuroprotective effects by activating the Notch1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway, improving cerebral perfusion, suppressing neuroinflammation, inhibiting cell apoptosis, activating autophagy, and promoting neural regeneration. While remote ischemic conditioning has shown potential in improving stroke outcomes, its full clinical translation has not yet been achieved.展开更多
Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles exhibit analogous functions to their parental cells,and can thus be used as substitutes for stem cells in stem cell therapy,thereby mitigating the risks of stem ce...Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles exhibit analogous functions to their parental cells,and can thus be used as substitutes for stem cells in stem cell therapy,thereby mitigating the risks of stem cell therapy and advancing the frontiers of stem cell-derived treatments.This lays a foundation for the development of potentially potent new treatment modalities for ischemic stroke.However,the precise mechanisms underlying the efficacy and safety of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles remain unclear,presenting challenges for clinical translation.To promote the translation of therapy based on human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles from the bench to the bedside,we conducted a comprehensive preclinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of ischemic stroke.We found that administration of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles to an ischemic stroke rat model reduced the volume of cerebral infarction and promoted functional recovery by alleviating neuronal apoptosis.The human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles reduced neuronal apoptosis by enhancing phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase,mammalian target of rapamycin,and protein kinase B,and these effects were reversed by treatment with a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor.These findings suggest that human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles play a neuroprotective role in ischemic stroke through activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway.Finally,we showed that human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have a good in vivo safety profile.Therefore,human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles are a promising potential agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke.展开更多
Cerebral edema caused by blood-brain barrier injury after intracerebral hemorrhage is an important factor leading to poor prognosis.Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cell exosomes(hiPSC-NSC-Exos)...Cerebral edema caused by blood-brain barrier injury after intracerebral hemorrhage is an important factor leading to poor prognosis.Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cell exosomes(hiPSC-NSC-Exos)have shown potential for brain injury repair in central nervous system diseases.In this study,we explored the impact of hiPSC-NSC-Exos on blood-brain barrier preservation and the underlying mechanism.Our results indicated that intranasal delivery of hiPSC-NSC-Exos mitigated neurological deficits,enhanced blood-brain barrier integrity,and reduced leukocyte infiltration in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage.Additionally,hiPSC-NSC-Exos decreased immune cell infiltration,activated astrocytes,and decreased the secretion of inflammatory cytokines like monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,macrophage inflammatory protein-1α,and tumor necrosis factor-αpost-intracerebral hemorrhage,thereby improving the inflammatory microenvironment.RNA sequencing indicated that hiPSC-NSC-Exo activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in astrocytes and decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion,thereby improving blood-brain barrier integrity.Treatment with the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 or the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 neutralizing agent C1142 abolished these effects.In summary,our findings suggest that hiPSC-NSC-Exos maintains blood-brain barrier integrity,in part by downregulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion through activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in astrocytes.展开更多
High-throughput genotyping tools can effectively promote molecular breeding in crops.In this study,genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS)system was utilized to develop a genome-wide liquid SNP chip for facilitating gen...High-throughput genotyping tools can effectively promote molecular breeding in crops.In this study,genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS)system was utilized to develop a genome-wide liquid SNP chip for facilitating genetics and breeding in melon(Cucumis melo L.),a globally cultivated economically important horticultural crop.Based on over eight million SNPs derived from 823 representative melon accessions,16K,8K,4K,2K,1K,500,250 and 125 informative SNPs were screened and evaluated for their polymorphisms,conservation of flanking sequences,and distributions.The set of 2K SNPs was found to be optimal for representing the maximum diversity with the lowest number of SNPs,and it was selected to develop the liquid chip,named“Melon2K”.Using Melon2K,more than 1500 SNPs were detected across 17 samples of five melon cultivars,and the phylogenetic relationships were clearly constructed.Within the same cultivar,genetic differences were also assessed between different samples.We evaluated the performance of Melon2K in genetic background selection during the breeding process,obtaining the introgression lines of interested trait with more than 97%genetic background of elite variety by only two rounds of backcrossing.These results suggest that Melon2K provides a cost-effective,efficient and reliable platform for genetic analysis and molecular breeding in melon.展开更多
目的描绘弥漫型胃癌组织中组蛋白H3第27位赖氨酸的三甲基化(H3K27me3)修饰的全基因组分布图谱,通过鉴定H3K27me3所调控的关键靶基因,初步探究H3K27me3修饰重编程可能调控弥漫型胃癌细胞发生发展的作用机制。方法样本来源于2021-2023年...目的描绘弥漫型胃癌组织中组蛋白H3第27位赖氨酸的三甲基化(H3K27me3)修饰的全基因组分布图谱,通过鉴定H3K27me3所调控的关键靶基因,初步探究H3K27me3修饰重编程可能调控弥漫型胃癌细胞发生发展的作用机制。方法样本来源于2021-2023年在陆军特色医学中心消化内科内镜中心及手术室胃肠外科组接受检查或治疗的患者。共收集到正常组患者14例,其中男性6例,女性8例,平均年龄46岁;胃癌组患者14例,其中男性8例,女性6例,平均年龄63岁。采用染色质靶向剪切及转座酶技术(cleavage under target and tagmentation,CUT&Tag)捕获基因组H3K27me3修饰区域,分析H3K27me3修饰重编程特征。整合转录组(RNA‐Seq)测序数据、高通量染色体构象捕获技术(high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture,Hi‐C)及已发表的公共单细胞数据,分析H3K27me3修饰重编程在弥漫型胃癌细胞中所调控靶基因。结果CUT&Tag和RNA测序数据质量符合下游分析标准,正常胃黏膜组织和弥漫型胃癌组织的组蛋白H3K27me3修饰均主要分布于远端基因间区和内含子区。相较于正常组织,胃癌组织的H3K27me3修饰存在显著的重编程特征,表现为H3K27me3总体信号强度明显降低。其中缺失的2912个H3K27me3信号峰可能导致822个肿瘤相关基因的表达上调,这些基因中上调最显著(信号值强度的差异倍数≥2,P<0.05)的56个基因主要富集于哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合体1(mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1,mTORC1)信号通路,其中甲硫氨酸转运体SLC7A5和胱氨酸转运体SLC7A11在胃癌组织中的表达最高。单细胞数据提示,弥漫型胃癌组织中SLC7A11的异常高表达主要存在于肿瘤上皮细胞。利用公共数据和免疫组织化学实验进一步验证SLC7A11在弥漫型胃癌中高表达,且与胃癌患者的不良预后相关。结论组蛋白H3K27me3修饰重编程是弥漫型胃癌的重要表观遗传学特征;组蛋白H3K27me3修饰缺失可能上调肿瘤细胞SLC7A11表达,进而促进肿瘤进展。展开更多
基金supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071332the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund for Innovation and Development,No.CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0041 (both to ZG)。
文摘Some studies have confirmed the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning against stroke. Although numerous animal researches have shown that the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning may be related to neuroinflammation, cellular immunity, apoptosis, and autophagy, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. This review summarizes the current status of different types of remote ischemic conditioning methods in animal and clinical studies and analyzes their commonalities and differences in neuroprotective mechanisms and signaling pathways. Remote ischemic conditioning has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for improving stroke-induced brain injury owing to its simplicity, non-invasiveness, safety, and patient tolerability. Different forms of remote ischemic conditioning exhibit distinct intervention patterns, timing, and application range. Mechanistically, remote ischemic conditioning can exert neuroprotective effects by activating the Notch1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway, improving cerebral perfusion, suppressing neuroinflammation, inhibiting cell apoptosis, activating autophagy, and promoting neural regeneration. While remote ischemic conditioning has shown potential in improving stroke outcomes, its full clinical translation has not yet been achieved.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China,No.81471308(to JL)the Innovative Leading Talents of Liaoning Province,No.XLYC1902031(to JL)+2 种基金Science and Technology Projects in Liaoning Province,No.2022-BS-238(to CH)Young Top Talents of Liaoning Province,No.XLYC1907009(to LW)Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund,No.2018J11CY025(to JL)。
文摘Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles exhibit analogous functions to their parental cells,and can thus be used as substitutes for stem cells in stem cell therapy,thereby mitigating the risks of stem cell therapy and advancing the frontiers of stem cell-derived treatments.This lays a foundation for the development of potentially potent new treatment modalities for ischemic stroke.However,the precise mechanisms underlying the efficacy and safety of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles remain unclear,presenting challenges for clinical translation.To promote the translation of therapy based on human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles from the bench to the bedside,we conducted a comprehensive preclinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of ischemic stroke.We found that administration of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles to an ischemic stroke rat model reduced the volume of cerebral infarction and promoted functional recovery by alleviating neuronal apoptosis.The human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles reduced neuronal apoptosis by enhancing phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase,mammalian target of rapamycin,and protein kinase B,and these effects were reversed by treatment with a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor.These findings suggest that human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles play a neuroprotective role in ischemic stroke through activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway.Finally,we showed that human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have a good in vivo safety profile.Therefore,human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles are a promising potential agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.8227050826(to PL)Tianjin Science and Technology Bureau Foundation,No.20201194(to PL)Tianjin Graduate Research and Innovation Project,No.2022BKY174(to CW).
文摘Cerebral edema caused by blood-brain barrier injury after intracerebral hemorrhage is an important factor leading to poor prognosis.Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cell exosomes(hiPSC-NSC-Exos)have shown potential for brain injury repair in central nervous system diseases.In this study,we explored the impact of hiPSC-NSC-Exos on blood-brain barrier preservation and the underlying mechanism.Our results indicated that intranasal delivery of hiPSC-NSC-Exos mitigated neurological deficits,enhanced blood-brain barrier integrity,and reduced leukocyte infiltration in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage.Additionally,hiPSC-NSC-Exos decreased immune cell infiltration,activated astrocytes,and decreased the secretion of inflammatory cytokines like monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,macrophage inflammatory protein-1α,and tumor necrosis factor-αpost-intracerebral hemorrhage,thereby improving the inflammatory microenvironment.RNA sequencing indicated that hiPSC-NSC-Exo activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in astrocytes and decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion,thereby improving blood-brain barrier integrity.Treatment with the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 or the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 neutralizing agent C1142 abolished these effects.In summary,our findings suggest that hiPSC-NSC-Exos maintains blood-brain barrier integrity,in part by downregulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion through activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in astrocytes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32102383,32225044 and 32130093)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2021QC075)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholar Foundation of the People's Government of Shandong Province(Grant No.ts20190947)the Qingdao Agricultural University Doctoral Start-Up Fund。
文摘High-throughput genotyping tools can effectively promote molecular breeding in crops.In this study,genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS)system was utilized to develop a genome-wide liquid SNP chip for facilitating genetics and breeding in melon(Cucumis melo L.),a globally cultivated economically important horticultural crop.Based on over eight million SNPs derived from 823 representative melon accessions,16K,8K,4K,2K,1K,500,250 and 125 informative SNPs were screened and evaluated for their polymorphisms,conservation of flanking sequences,and distributions.The set of 2K SNPs was found to be optimal for representing the maximum diversity with the lowest number of SNPs,and it was selected to develop the liquid chip,named“Melon2K”.Using Melon2K,more than 1500 SNPs were detected across 17 samples of five melon cultivars,and the phylogenetic relationships were clearly constructed.Within the same cultivar,genetic differences were also assessed between different samples.We evaluated the performance of Melon2K in genetic background selection during the breeding process,obtaining the introgression lines of interested trait with more than 97%genetic background of elite variety by only two rounds of backcrossing.These results suggest that Melon2K provides a cost-effective,efficient and reliable platform for genetic analysis and molecular breeding in melon.
文摘目的描绘弥漫型胃癌组织中组蛋白H3第27位赖氨酸的三甲基化(H3K27me3)修饰的全基因组分布图谱,通过鉴定H3K27me3所调控的关键靶基因,初步探究H3K27me3修饰重编程可能调控弥漫型胃癌细胞发生发展的作用机制。方法样本来源于2021-2023年在陆军特色医学中心消化内科内镜中心及手术室胃肠外科组接受检查或治疗的患者。共收集到正常组患者14例,其中男性6例,女性8例,平均年龄46岁;胃癌组患者14例,其中男性8例,女性6例,平均年龄63岁。采用染色质靶向剪切及转座酶技术(cleavage under target and tagmentation,CUT&Tag)捕获基因组H3K27me3修饰区域,分析H3K27me3修饰重编程特征。整合转录组(RNA‐Seq)测序数据、高通量染色体构象捕获技术(high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture,Hi‐C)及已发表的公共单细胞数据,分析H3K27me3修饰重编程在弥漫型胃癌细胞中所调控靶基因。结果CUT&Tag和RNA测序数据质量符合下游分析标准,正常胃黏膜组织和弥漫型胃癌组织的组蛋白H3K27me3修饰均主要分布于远端基因间区和内含子区。相较于正常组织,胃癌组织的H3K27me3修饰存在显著的重编程特征,表现为H3K27me3总体信号强度明显降低。其中缺失的2912个H3K27me3信号峰可能导致822个肿瘤相关基因的表达上调,这些基因中上调最显著(信号值强度的差异倍数≥2,P<0.05)的56个基因主要富集于哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合体1(mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1,mTORC1)信号通路,其中甲硫氨酸转运体SLC7A5和胱氨酸转运体SLC7A11在胃癌组织中的表达最高。单细胞数据提示,弥漫型胃癌组织中SLC7A11的异常高表达主要存在于肿瘤上皮细胞。利用公共数据和免疫组织化学实验进一步验证SLC7A11在弥漫型胃癌中高表达,且与胃癌患者的不良预后相关。结论组蛋白H3K27me3修饰重编程是弥漫型胃癌的重要表观遗传学特征;组蛋白H3K27me3修饰缺失可能上调肿瘤细胞SLC7A11表达,进而促进肿瘤进展。
