Carbide slag was used as an activator to improve the activity of anhydrous phosphogypsum.Carbide slag could greatly improve the mechanical strength of anhydrous phosphogypsum than K_(2)SO_(4).The compressive strength ...Carbide slag was used as an activator to improve the activity of anhydrous phosphogypsum.Carbide slag could greatly improve the mechanical strength of anhydrous phosphogypsum than K_(2)SO_(4).The compressive strength of 11 wt%carbide slag and 1 wt%K_(2)SO_(4)activated anhydrous phosphogypsum increased greatly to 8.6 MPa at 3 d,and 11.9 MPa at 7 d,and 16.0 MPa at 28 d,respectively.The rate of hydration heat was accelerated and the total hydration heat was increased,and more calcium sulfate dihydrate was formed and cross-linked with other parts which improved the compressive strength of anhydrous phosphogypsum under the effects of different activators.It was indicated that carbide slag was a highly effective and cost-efficient activator.The result provides a highly effective and low-cost method which results in a novel and high value-added method for the utilization of phosphogypsum in the future.展开更多
Bulk and interface carrier nonradiative recombination losses impede the further improvement of power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).It is highly necessary to develop multifunct...Bulk and interface carrier nonradiative recombination losses impede the further improvement of power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).It is highly necessary to develop multifunctional strategy to minimize surface and interface nonradiative recombination losses.Herein,we report a bulk and interface defect passivation strategy via the synergistic effect of anions and cations,where multifunctional potassium sulphate(K_(2)SO_(4))is incorporated at SnO_(2)/perovskite interface.We find that K^(+)ions in K_(2)SO_(4)diffuse into perovskite layer and suppress the formation of bulk defects in perovskite films,and the SO_(4)^(2-)ions remain located at interface via the strong chemical interaction with SnO_(2)layer and perovskite layer,respectively.Through this synergistic modification strategy,effective defect passivation and improved energy band alignment are achieved simultaneously.These beneficial effects are translated into an efficiency increase from 19.45%to 21.18%with a low voltage deficit of0.53 V mainly as a result of boosted open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))after K_(2)SO_(4)modification.In addition,the K_(2)SO_(4)modification contributes to ameliorated stability.The present work provides a route to minimize bulk and interface nonradiative recombination losses for the simultaneous realization of PCE and stability enhancement by rational anion and cation synergistic engineering.展开更多
基金Funded by Innovation Group Fund Project of Hubei Province(No.2020CFA039)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(No.2020BCA077)。
文摘Carbide slag was used as an activator to improve the activity of anhydrous phosphogypsum.Carbide slag could greatly improve the mechanical strength of anhydrous phosphogypsum than K_(2)SO_(4).The compressive strength of 11 wt%carbide slag and 1 wt%K_(2)SO_(4)activated anhydrous phosphogypsum increased greatly to 8.6 MPa at 3 d,and 11.9 MPa at 7 d,and 16.0 MPa at 28 d,respectively.The rate of hydration heat was accelerated and the total hydration heat was increased,and more calcium sulfate dihydrate was formed and cross-linked with other parts which improved the compressive strength of anhydrous phosphogypsum under the effects of different activators.It was indicated that carbide slag was a highly effective and cost-efficient activator.The result provides a highly effective and low-cost method which results in a novel and high value-added method for the utilization of phosphogypsum in the future.
基金financially supported by the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program(JCKY2017110C0654)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11974063,61904023)the Chongqing Special Postdoctoral Science Foundation(cstc2019jcyj-bsh0026)。
文摘Bulk and interface carrier nonradiative recombination losses impede the further improvement of power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).It is highly necessary to develop multifunctional strategy to minimize surface and interface nonradiative recombination losses.Herein,we report a bulk and interface defect passivation strategy via the synergistic effect of anions and cations,where multifunctional potassium sulphate(K_(2)SO_(4))is incorporated at SnO_(2)/perovskite interface.We find that K^(+)ions in K_(2)SO_(4)diffuse into perovskite layer and suppress the formation of bulk defects in perovskite films,and the SO_(4)^(2-)ions remain located at interface via the strong chemical interaction with SnO_(2)layer and perovskite layer,respectively.Through this synergistic modification strategy,effective defect passivation and improved energy band alignment are achieved simultaneously.These beneficial effects are translated into an efficiency increase from 19.45%to 21.18%with a low voltage deficit of0.53 V mainly as a result of boosted open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))after K_(2)SO_(4)modification.In addition,the K_(2)SO_(4)modification contributes to ameliorated stability.The present work provides a route to minimize bulk and interface nonradiative recombination losses for the simultaneous realization of PCE and stability enhancement by rational anion and cation synergistic engineering.
