Variations of plant life form diversity along the Northeast China Transect and its direct gradient analysis

Plant life form diversity and its direct gradient analysis on a larger scale climate change gradient were tested, based on the data from Northeast China Transect platform. The results showed that the species numbers, life form richness and life form diversity were relative higher at the eastern forests and the ecotone between typical vegetation, while those on the meadow grasslands and typical steppes were lower. Although plant life forms can reflect the climate variations, life form diversity is not consistent with the major global gradient along the NECT.

Life form and geographical distribution of plants in Posthband region,Khonj,Fars Province,Iran

A study was conducted to identify plant species,diversity,life form and relevant species to Mediterranean climate,Irano-Torunian and Sahara-Sindian in Postband region（N 27°58＇4＂-28°2＇16＂,E 53°17＇34＂-53°22＇30＂）.In total,95 species belonging to 29 families and 69 genera of flora were surveyed and identified from December 2006 to June 2008.Composite and Gramineae were important families in terms of species frequency.According to Raunkiaer＇s system and using X^2 tests,the life-form spectrum showed that therophytes accounted for 47% of all species,and hemicryptophytes for 31%,phanerophytes for 12%,chamaeophyte for 7%,and cryptophytes for 3%.In geographical distribution,29% species with the most frequency belonged to Irano-Torunian region.Results show that therophytes were more than normal spectrum and phaneropytes were less than normal spectrum,which was in agreement with data obtained in arid climate.

Ecological biomass allocation strategies in plant species with different life forms in a cold desert, China

Biomass allocation patterns among plant species are related to their adaptive ecological strategies. Ephemeral, ephemeroid and annual plant life forms represent three typical growth strategies of plants that grow in autumn and early spring in the cold deserts of China. These plants play an important role in reducing wind velocity in the desert areas. However, despite numerous studies, the strategies of biomass allocation among plant species with these three life forms remain contentious. In this study, we conducted a preliminary quadrat study during 2014–2016 in the southern part of the Gurbantunggut Desert, China, to investigate the allocation patterns of above-ground biomass(AGB) and below-ground biomass(BGB) at the individual level in 17 ephemeral, 3 ephemeroid and 4 annual plant species. Since ephemeral plants can germinate in autumn, we also compared biomass allocation patterns between plants that germinated in autumn 2015 and spring 2016 for 4 common ephemeral species. The healthy mature individual plants of each species were sampled and the AGB, BGB, total biomass(TB), leaf mass ratio(LMR) and root/shoot ratio(R/S) were calculated for 201 sample quadrats in the study area. We also studied the relationships between AGB and BGB of plants with the three different life forms(ephemeral, ephemeroid and annual). The mean AGB values of ephemeral, ephemeroid and annual plants were 0.806, 3.759 and 1.546 g/plant, respectively, and the mean BGB values were 0.106, 4.996 and 0.166 g/plant, respectively. The mean R/S value was significantly higher in ephemeroid plants(1.675) than in ephemeral(0.154) and annual(0.147) plants. The mean LMR was the highest in annual plants, followed by ephemeroid plants and ephemeral plants, reflecting the fact that annual plants allocate more biomass to leaves, associated with their longer life span. Biomass of ephemeral plants that germinated in autumn was significantly higher than those of corresponding plants that germinated in spring in terms of AGB, BGB and TB. However, the R/S value was similar in plants that germinated in autumn and spring. The slope of regression relationship between AGB and BGB differed significantly among the three plant life forms. These results support different biomass allocation hypotheses. Specifically, at the individual level, the AGB and BGB partitioning supports the allometric hypothesis for ephemeroid and annual plants and the isometric hypothesis for ephemeral plants.

Antioxidant systems of aquatic macrophytes in three life forms:a case study in Lake Erhai,China

Antioxidant systems are vital in life activities of macrophytes. Species with diff erent life forms need to cope with distinct environments by modifying physiological characters, especially antioxidant systems. In order to find diff erences among life forms and consequence of lake eutrophication, we studied three antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate oxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT)) and total soluble phenolics (TP) content in leaves of 26 macrophyte species in September 2013 in Lake Erhai, China. We found that antioxidation varied accordingly with life forms. The activities of SOD and APX in emergent macrophytes (EM) and floating-leaved macrophytes (FM) were much lower than those of submerged macrophytes (SM). On the contrary, TP content was much higher in EM and FM species. There was a negative correlation between TP and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and APX). The results suggested that EM and FM species rely on phenolics might to adapt to adverse environments (higher herbivores predation pressure and UV radiation intensity), while SM species more rely on antioxidant enzymes possibly due to lower demand for antioxidation and/or lack of light and inorganic C availability for phenolics synthesis. We also found FM species represent highest fitness in term of antioxidant system, which would lead to overgrowth of FM species and littoral zone bogginess during lake eutrophication. Finally, it is necessary to carry out the verification experiment under the control condition in the later stage, especially for the dominant ones in eutrophic lakes, to understand the exact adaptive mechanisms of them.

Characteristics of life-form and growth-form of plant species in an alpine ecosystem of North-West Himalaya

The present study was conducted in the alpine pastures of Tungnath （30° 14＇ N and 79° 13＇ E） to observe life-form and growth-form patterns of alpine plant species under grazed and ungrazed conditions and to work out the plant life form spectrum. Species were categorized as plant habit, height and length of growth-cycle and life-form classes according to Raunkiaer＇s system. The results show that in total of 68 species at grazed site, hemicryptophytes （He） accounted for 50.00% species, followed by cryptophytes （26.47%）, chamaephytes （16.18%）, phanemphytes （4.41%） and therophytes （2.94%）. At the ungrazed site in 65 plant species, hemicryptophytes （He） accounted fo＇r 49.23% species, cryptophytes （26.15%）, chamaephytes （15.38%）, phanerophytes （6.15%） and ther6phytes （3.08 % species）. In general, hemicrptophyte are dominant^in both sites i.e. graged and ungrazed. Growth form categories were classified as forbs, shrubs, grasses and sedges＇and undershrubs, according to plant habit and height. On the basis of length of the growth cycle, species were categorized as plant species of short growth cycle, intermediate growth cycle and long growth cycle. The short forbs of plant habit and height, had the highest emergence, and grasses and sedges had the lowest emergence in representative species. Percentage of species with long growth cycle was highest in both sites.

Functional Enrichment of Utopian Distribution of Plant Life-Forms

Adaptive fuzzy neural inference systems are used to illustrate the primary nodal number of plant life-forms. Categorization of two candidate areas is carried out using the water-energy dynamic (for Ecuador, South America) and Macedonia, Southern Europe), within which the life-form spectra are distributed. Genetic optimization methods are used to expand the primary nodal number to the complete number of life-form categories. The distribution of the elements exhibits a stochastic, binomial distribution and the utopia line and curve are summarized which enhance accuracy of the climatic data and of the consequent numbers of plant species occurrences. Expansion of the distribution of each life-form category is approximated within the Z utopia hyperplane with use of the functional approximation algorithm. This process gives additional structure and informative value to the Z plane, enhancing our ability to make informed policy decisions concerning species and ecosystem conservation.

西藏墨脱藓类植物多样性及其生活型组成初步研究

墨脱因其特殊的生物地理位置和巨大的海拔高差使得该地区拥有丰富的植物种类,其独特的自然地理和独特的气候条件为苔藓植物的分布孕育了多种多样的生境,形成了不同种类的苔藓植物群落。为研究该区藓类植物具有怎样的多样性和生活型,采取线路采集和普采的方式,对墨脱的藓类植物进行了野外调查。结果表明:(1)墨脱共有藓类植物42科175属420种(含变种、亚种),该区藓类植物有12个优势科,15个优势属。藓类植物物种的多样性与该区特殊的生境密切相关。(2)该区藓类植物共有7个生活型,其中,土石生群落共有藓类植物235种,占该区藓类植物总数的55.9%;石生群落共有藓类植物196种,占该区藓类植物总数的46.7%;土生群落共有藓类植物112种,占该区藓类植物总数的26.7%;树附生群落共有藓类植物68种,占该区藓类植物总数的16.2%。(3)该区藓类植物的生活型不同,土石生群落中平铺型最多,其次是丛集型,扇型最少;石生群落和土生群落中均是以平铺型为主,其次是丛集型,垫状型最少;树附生群落藓类则以悬垂型为主,其次是丛集型,而扇型最少。总体分析,墨脱的藓类植物的生活型以平型为优势,说明了该地区良好的水分状况,环境湿润。

寿命与成形性能的完美结合——PrintForm HR成形网

介绍了福伊特造纸织物最新开发的新产品——PrintForm HR成形网,重点论述了这一产品的经线/纬线组合、纬线结构,以及使用效果。这种成形网采用SSB技术和8梭口反面结构,与常规结构相比,可以延长成形网的使用寿命、提高脱水能力并增强横向挺度。对于采用高填料含量且纸页质量和留着率要求较高的纸机,这种耐用的成形网效果明显。

Evolution from Primitive Life to Homo sapiens Based on Visible Genome Structures: The Amino Acid World

It is not too much to say that molecular biology, including genome research, has progressed based on the determination of nucleotide or amino acid sequences. However, these ap-proaches are limited to the analysis of relatively small numbers of the same genes among spe-cies. On the other hand, by graphical presenta-tion of the ratios of the numbers of amino acids present to the total numbers of amino acids presumed from the target gene(s) or genome or those of the numbers of nucleotides present to the total numbers of nucleotides calculated from the target gene(s) or genome, we can readily draw conclusions from extraordinarily huge data sets integrated by human intelli-gence. 1) Assuming polymerization of amino acids or nucleotides in a simulation analysis based on a random choice, proteins were formed by simple amino acid polymerization, while nucleotide polymerization to form nucleic acids encoding specific proteins needed certain specific control. These results proposed that protein formation chronologically preceded codon formation during the establishment of primitive life forms. In the prebiotic phase, amino acid composition was a dominant factor that determined protein characteristics;the “Amino Acid World”. 2) The genome is constructed homogeneou- sly from putative small units displaying similar codon usages and coding for similar amino acid compositions;the unit is a gene assembly en-coding 3,000 - 7,000 amino acid residues and this unit size is independent not only of genome size, but also of species. 3) In codon evolution, all nucleotide alterna-tions are correlated, not only in coding regions, but also in non-coding regions;the correlations can be expressed by linear formulas;y = ax + b, where “y” and “x” represent nucleotide con-tents, and “a” and “b” are constant. 4) The basic pattern of cellular amino acid compositions obtained from whole cell lysates is conserved from bacteria to Homo sapiens, and resembles that calculated from complete genomes. This basic pattern is characterized by a “star-shape” that changes slightly among species, and changes in amino acid composi-tion seem to reflect biological evolution. 5) Organisms can essentially be classified according to two codon patterns. Biological evolution due to nucleotide sub-stitutions can be expressed by simple linear formulas based on mathematical principles, while natural selection must affect species pre- servation after nucleotide alternations. There-fore, although Darwin’s natural selection is not directly involved in nucleotide alternations, it contributes obviously to the selection of nu-cleotide alternations. Thus, Darwin’s natural selection is doubtless an important factor in biological evolution.

Predictors of Chronic Physical and Mental Quality of Life Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective and Background: This study aimed at determining the predictors of chronic physical and mental quality of life (QOL) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) focusing on neuropsychological functions post trauma. Materials and Methods: This is a longitudinal study in which 257 patients having inclusion criteria were enrolled. Neuropsychological tasks including logical memory, verbal paired associates, visual memory, verbal expression, auditory comprehension, semantic judgment and semantic categories were implemented. The appearance of psychiatric disorder, Agnosia, Apraxia, Dysarthria and pragmatic linguistic disorder post trauma were evaluated at discharge. QOL was studied 6 months after injury by filling SF-36 questionnaire via phone interview with patients. Results: Appearance of some post-traumatic disorders including agnosia, pragmatic linguistic disorder and psychiatric disorder were significantly correlated to poor QOL. The final step of logistic regression model showed that TBI severity, verbal memory, auditory comprehension and semantic acceptability scores were predictors of unfavorable mental QOL as well as TBI severity, injury severity scale (ISS) score and multifocal lesions for unfavorable physical QOL. Discussion: Thus, it is recommended that clinicians choose medical therapeutic priorities to improve the verbal neuropsychological sequela and provide preliminaries for a chronic favorable mental QOL. Furthermore, to prevent of chronic unfavorable physical QOL, early care of organic injuries should be considered especially in patients with severe and multifocal TBI.

Impact of Post Hepatitis C Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Health Related Quality of Life

Background: Post hepatitis C virus chronic liver disease (CLD) is prevalent among the Egyptian population with a bad impact upon their quality of life (QOL). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the long term and fatal complications of CLD and it also has its negative impact on patient’s quality of life. Aim: To assess impact of CLD and HCC on the quality of life of group of hospitalized elderly patients. Methodology: Ninety elderly patients were divided into three groups: 30 elderly with post hepatitis C virus CLD, 30 elderly with HCC and 30 others free of liver disease as control group (Cn), all were recruited from the in-patient ward and the outpatient clinic of the Geriatric Department, Ain-Shams University Hospital. After giving consent, comprehensive geriatric assessment was done with assessment of their quality of life by using the Short Form-36 health survey (SF-36). Investigations including liver enzymes, serum albumin, serum bilirubin and abdominal ultrasound were done. Results: All QOL domains were the highest among control group, followed by HCC group and the least among CLD group. The differences were statistically significant in most subscales and total score [Mean of Cn = 81.9 ± 12.4, Mean of CLD = 47.5 ± 21.9, Mean of HCC = 62.3 ± 16.1;P Cn/CLD ≤ 0.001, P Cn/HCC ≤ 0.001, P CLD/HCC = 0.004]. Albumin was the only biochemical marker correlated positively with total SF score and two subscales (PF and EF) [r = 0.408;P = 0.025]. Conclusion & Recommendation: Our study showed a decrease in the QOL of Egyptian post hepatitis C virus CLD and HCC patients compared with Egyptian population norms. The results showed that CLD were more affected than HCC patients. This had a particularly serious negative impact on their life. The findings indicate a need for updated counseling and educational materials designed to provide adequate information and consistent healthcare service to this patient setting.

Health Related Quality of Life among Osteoarthritis Patients: A Comparison of Traditional Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Selective COX-2 Inhibitors in the United Arab Emirates Using the SF-36

Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) has a dramatic impact on patients’ health related quality of life (HRQoL). Chronic use of analgesics and anti-inflammatory medications for pain management may improve symptoms but on long term may affect HRQoL negatively. The objective of the present study was to compare the impact of two different classes of analgesics, traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors on HRQoL among osteoarthritis patients using the SF-36 questionnaire. Methods: Clinic based cross-sectional study conducted at Al-Qassimi Hospital, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE), over a period of six months. Ethical Approval was obtained from the ethics committee at Al-Qassimi Clinical Research Center. Total of 200 osteoarthritis patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were involved in the study. Patients’ demographics were collected from their medical records. The Medical Outcome Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire was used to measure patients’ HRQoL. SF-36 data were scored using health outcomes scoring software 4.5. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 62.19 ± 9.81 years with females constituting 151 (75.5%) of the patients. In general, females scored lower in most of the HRQoL domains compared to males and there was significant difference between the two groups in the mental health (p = 0.005) & mental component (p = 0.042) domains. Compared to selective COX-2 inhibitors, patients on NSAIDs scored higher on all domains of SF-36 except physical functioning. There was significant difference in mental health domain for patients treated with NSAIDs (p = 0.02). Celecoxib was only better than NSAIDs in osteoarthritis patients with more than one musculoskeletal disorders in the domain of bodily pain (p = 0.009). Conclusion: NSAIDs-treated patients did not differ significantly from celecoxib-treated patients in all domains of the SF-36 except for the mental health domain.

2011-2015年洞庭湖洲滩群落植物生态型、生活型和生长型组成数据集

植物群落结构与环境的关系可以通过研究植物生活型和生态型进行深入的解析,同时植物生活型是研究植物群落的发生、发展及演替规律的重要内容。中国科学院洞庭湖湿地生态系统观测研究站按中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)监测指标体系,在洞庭湖周期性水文变化情势下,对洞庭湖湿地洲滩典型植物群落类型的物种组成进行长期定位监测。通过专家对洞庭湖湿地3个典型植物群落(苔草、南荻和水蓼)的长期监测数据集进行验证,确保数据的准确性,然后进行分类处理,得到洞庭湖洲滩2011-2015年植物群落植物生活型、生长型和生态型数据集。本数据集包含有植物种名、拉丁名、生活型、生长型、光生态型、水分生态型、土壤pH值生态型、淤积生态型,共8个指标,同时提供了完整的样地信息和样地管理记录,为数据的科学利用提供了空间和时间上的背景信息。本数据集为分析洞庭湖湿地洲滩植被群落生态型和生活型组成,植物群落与环境的相关提供了数据支撑,是深入研究洞庭湖湿地植物被演替的重要参考依据。

金马河沿岸次生林苔藓植物群落对人为干扰的响应

为探索人为干扰对四川金马河沿岸次生林苔藓植物群落的影响,通过分析比较不同干扰程度(轻度、中度、重度)区域苔藓植物的生态位、多样性、生活型、生长附着基质,研究苔藓植物群落特征和物种分布规律。结果表明,在金马河沿岸次生林地12块样地中共调查到苔藓植物15科23属34种,其中,苔类植物3科4属4种,藓类植物12科19属30种。优势科主要为青藓科和羽藓科,其中,细叶小羽藓具有最大的重要值和生态优势度,其重要值、生态位宽度和生态优势度分别为0.5368、2.4648、0.1169,占据重要生态位,台湾青藓次之。耐旱性强的丛集型苔藓植物种类随着人为干扰程度的增强而增加,占比从30.43%逐渐增至40.91%,且其重要值在重度干扰区位于前列。重度干扰区苔藓植物群落的物种丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均显著低于轻、中度干扰区(P<0.05),中度干扰区苔藓植物群落的Pielou均匀度指数显著高于其他两个干扰区(P<0.05)。重度干扰区苔藓植物附着在腐(枯)木的数量显著少于轻度干扰区(P<0.05),附着在树干的数量显著少于中度干扰区(P<0.05),且主要附着在土壤和岩石上,附着基质逐渐倾向于单一类型。金马河沿岸次生林重度干扰区的苔藓植物物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著降低(P<0.05),过度干扰会导致林地内生态环境和苔藓植物群落结构遭受破坏。

The Impact of Gastroesophageal Reflux on the Quality of Life: About a Series of 100 Patients at Fez University Hospital

The gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) represents a major problem for public health because of its high prevalence. The chronic character of the symptoms can have a very important impact on the quality of life (QoL). The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the GERD on the quality of life of our patients and to determine the main aggravating factors. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational study of 100 patients presenting signs of GERD in the gastroenterology department of the university medical center Hassan II-Fez, for a period of 3 months (October to December 2014). We used the Reflux-Qual short form (RQS&#174) to evaluate the QoL of our patients. Results: Over the study period, 100 patients were included. The average age of our patients was 47 years [20 - 75 years] with a sex-ratio F/M in 2.12. Among our patients, 20% (n = 20) were chronic cigarette smokers. The diagnosis of GERD was clinical in 75% of the cases (n = 75) and based on 24-hour pH monitoring in the remaining 25% (n = 25). Approximately 2/3 of the patients were receiving proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) treatment at the time of the questionnaire. The impairment of QoL was moderated to severe (RQS&#174 p = 0.01), female sex (p = 0.03) and the frequency of symptoms (p = 0.001). Moreover, patients having a GERD that requiring a daily and continuous administration of PPIs had a lower index of RQS&#174 (p = 0.001). The quality of life impairment was not associated with chronic cigarette smoking (p = 0.3). Conclusion: The impairment of the QoL was moderated to severe (RQS&#174 < 16) for 2/3 of the patients (n = 62). This impairment was associated with elderly, female sex, frequency and in case of GERD requiring continuous administration of PPIs.

人类文明形态演进的生命辩证法

马克思的世界观实现了相对于旧哲学世界观的革命性变革,这就是把价值论的维度引入世界观,从而不仅回答了“世界是什么”的本体论问题,而且回答了“世界向何处去”的价值论问题。按照马克思的世界观,人类文明形态的演进本质上是人类这一物种寻求永生的过程。于是,世界历史进程便表现为人类文明形态不断演进的过程。文明形态的演进遵循辩证法原理,而人类通过文明形态的演进,展现了人类独特的生命活动形式,即生命辩证法。共产主义社会文明形态实现了人类文明中“自然法则”和“理性法则”的辩证统一,使人类这一物种的永久生存成为可能。

Host plant traits play a crucial role in shaping the composition of epiphytic microbiota in the arid desert,Northwest China

Phyllosphere microorganisms are a crucial component of environmental microorganisms,highly influenced by host characteristics,and play a significant role in plant health and productivity.Nonetheless,the impact of host characteristics on shaping phyllosphere microbial communities of plants with different life forms remains ambiguous.Utilizing high-throughput sequencing technology,this study analyzed the diversity and community composition of phyllosphere epiphytic microorganisms(e.g.,bacteria and fungi)of various plant life forms in the hinterland of the Gurbantunggut Desert,Northwest China.Functional annotation of prokaryotic taxa(FAPROTAX)and fungi function guild(FUNGuild)were employed to assess the ecological functions of microorganisms and to investigate the role of stochastic and deterministic processes in shaping phyllosphere microbial communities.Result showed a diverse array of phyllosphere epiphytic microorganisms in the desert plants,with Proteobacteria,Cyanobacteria,and Actinobacteriota dominating bacterial community,while Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were prevalent in fungal community.Comparison across different plant life forms highlighted distinct microbial communities,indicating strong filtering effects by plant characteristics.FAPROTAX prediction identified intracellular parasites(accounting for 27.44%of bacterial community abundance),chemoheterotrophy(10.12%),and phototrophy(17.41%)as the main functions of epiphytic bacteria on leaves of different life form plants.FUNGuild prediction indicated that phyllosphere epiphytic fungi primarily served as Saprotrophs(81.77%),Pathotrophs(17.41%),and Symbiotrophs(0.82%).Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated a predominance of positive correlations among different microbial taxa.Raup-Crick dissimilarity index analysis revealed that deterministic processes predominantly influenced phyllosphere bacterial and fungal community assembly.Variance partitioning analysis and random forest modeling suggested that plant leaf functional traits significantly impacted both bacterial and fungal community composition,with fungal community composition showing a closer association with leaf nutrients and physiology compared with bacterial community composition.The distinct responses of bacterial and fungal communities to plant traits were attributed to the differing properties of bacteria and fungi,such as bacteria having higher potential dispersal rates and broader ecological niches than fungi.Overall,the results indicate that phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities undergo similar community assembly processes,with fungi being more influenced by plant characteristics than bacteria.These findings offer novel insights into the ecology of phyllosphere microbial communities of desert plants.

中国省级重点保护野生植物的种类组成和多样性分析

为揭示我国省级重点保护野生植物的主要特征,对我国已公布省级重点保护野生植物名录的24个省份数据进行了整理,并初步分析其种类组成、生活型谱和濒危等级。结果显示:(1)我国省级重点保护野生植物共有2044种,隶属于208科,844属。其中,大型真菌有23种,苔藓植物有14种,石松类和蕨类植物有63种,裸子植物有50种,被子植物有1894种。不同省份的重点保护植物种数介于17~448种,平均种数为115种。(2)植物的生活型共有10种。其中以草本植物最多,有1200种,占总种数的58.71%;其次为常绿乔木,有262种,占总种数的12.82%;再次为落叶乔木,有225种,占总种数的11.01%。(3)根据世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)红色名录的濒危等级划分,这2044种植物可分为6种类型。其中以无危(LC)最多,有1224种,占比59.88%;其次为易危(VU),有248种,占比12.13%;再次为近危(NT),有198种,占比9.69%;濒危(EN)有173种,占比8.46%;极危(CR)有128种,占比6.26%。值得注意的是,濒危植物类群(包括CR、EN、VU、NT)的植物合计有747种,占比36.55%。研究发现,我国省级尺度的重点保护野生植物名录涵盖的植物类群广泛,但是各省制定的名录涉及的植物种数和比例差异很大。不同省份的重点保护野生植物的生活型多样,但是总体上以草本植物为主;这些植物的濒危等级相对较高,这可能与其地理分布相对狭窄、种群规模往往较小以及受到一定人为活动的影响有关。因此,建议国家及省级相关职能部门在省级尺度上对重点保护野生植物名录制定加强指导,在强调物种的珍稀、濒危和特有性的同时,更好地兼顾管理的可操作性、有效性和充分性。

拉埃尔·耶吉异化与生活形式批判理论视域下的家庭

拉埃尔·耶吉关于家庭的思考是她的批判理论中非常重要的一个主题,这既是她的生活形式批判的例证之一,又是她个人重新确定家庭本性的尝试。耶吉重新激活并改写的“异化”理论和“生活形式”的理论是她对资本主义实践情景中的家庭做出批判性思考并引导批判理论的当代话语转向的前提。她通过无力且失控的生活、角色行为、内部分裂和冷漠四种范例考察了异化视域下的家庭生活形式本身。耶吉把家庭看作由社会实践的文化秩序生发出来的具象生活形式,以此为基础建构了一种生活形式本体论,阐释家庭何以能成为合适的批判对象,同时可以应用于解决问题的实例。她从问题规范层面的家庭、黑格尔对资产阶级家庭的伦理解释是解决问题的尝试、特定家庭形式问题的规范性失败和家庭问题的内在批判等四个方面就家庭问题做了深入的剖析,从异化的角度出发构建出一种家庭批判观。耶吉的家庭观既在一定程度上误解了黑格尔的家庭观,又有可能陷入把家庭当作私人事务而忘记了马克思主义的本性的危险。

明堂山主要药用植物资源调查分析

为全面了解岳西县明堂山药用植物资源的组成类型、生活型和药用部位等资源现状,本文采用传统野外调查方法收集药用植物资源的分布信息,通过形态观察及查阅相关文献资料对药用植物进行物种鉴定和药用植物整理分析.结果表明,本次调查发现药用植物231种,隶属96科205属,以小型科(2~4种)和单种科(1种)为主.生活型以草本植物占绝对优势(61.47%);药用部位以全草类、根及根茎类占多数(61.48%);珍稀濒危药用植物29种,其中国家一级保护植物2种,二级保护植物8种.岳西县明堂山药用植物资源类型多样性特征明显,生态环境保护良好,此次调查为后续有效保护和合理开发药用植物资源提供科学依据.