Synthetic high-density lipoprotein(sHDL):a bioinspired nanotherapeutics for managing periapical bone inflammation

Apical periodontitis(AP)is a dental-driven condition caused by pathogens and their toxins infecting the inner portion of the tooth(i.e.,dental pulp tissue),resulting in inflammation and apical bone resorption affecting 50%of the worldwide population,with more than 15 million root canals performed annually in the United States.Current treatment involves cleaning and decontaminating the infected tissue with chemo-mechanical approaches and materials introduced years ago,such as calcium hydroxide,zinc oxide–eugenol,or even formalin products.Here,we present,for the first time,a nanotherapeutics based on using synthetic highdensity lipoprotein(sHDL)as an innovative and safe strategy to manage dental bone inflammation.sHDL application in concentrations ranging from 25μg to 100μg/mL decreases nuclear factor Kappa B(NF-κB)activation promoted by an inflammatory stimulus(lipopolysaccharide,LPS).Moreover,sHDL at 500μg/mL concentration markedly decreases in vitro osteoclastogenesis(P<0.001),and inhibits IL-1α(P=0.027),TNF-α(P=0.004),and IL-6(P<0.001)production in an inflammatory state.Notably,sHDL strongly dampens the Toll-Like Receptor signaling pathway facing LPS stimulation,mainly by downregulating at least 3-fold the pro-inflammatory genes,such as Il1b,Il1a,Il6,Ptgs2,and Tnf.In vivo,the lipoprotein nanoparticle applied after NaOCl reduced bone resorption volume to(1.3±0.05)mm^(3) and attenuated the inflammatory reaction after treatment to(1090±184)cells compared to non-treated animals that had(2.9±0.6)mm^(3)(P=0.0123)and(2443±931)cells(P=0.004),thus highlighting its promising clinical potential as an alternative therapeutic for managing dental bone inflammation.

The role of low-density lipoprotein （LDL） and high-density lipoprotein （HDL） in comparison with whole egg yolk for sperm cryopreservation in rhesus monkeys

Low-density lipoprotein （LDL） extracted from hen egg yolk has recently been considered to be superior to whole egg yolk in sperm cryopreservation of various animal species. Meanwhile, there was a notion that high-density lipoprotein （HDL） in egg yolk may have a negative effect on post-thaw survival. The role of LDL and HDL in sperm cryopreservation of rhesus monkeys has not been explored. The present study evaluates their effect in comparison with egg yolk with or without the addition of permeable cryoprotectant （glycerol） on sperm cryopreservation of rhesus macaques. In addition, various additives intended to change the lipid composition of LDL-sperm membrane complex have also been tested for their effectiveness in preserving post-thaw viability. Our findings indicated that LDL is the main component in egg yolk that is responsible for its protective role for sperm cryopreservation in rhesus monkeys. Regardless of the presence or absence of glycerol, the protective role of LDL is similar to that of egg yolk and we did not observe any superiority in post-thaw survival with LDL when compared to egg yolk. Modifying the lipid composition of LDL-sperm membrane complex with the addition of cholesterol, cholesterol loaded cyclodextrin and phosphatidylcholine also did not yield any improvements in pest-thaw survival; while addition of methyl-β-cyclodextrin reduced post-thaw motility. HDL plays a neutral role in sperm cryopreservation of rhesus monkeys. The present study suggests that egg yolk may still hold advantages when compared with LDL as effective components in extenders for sperm cryopreservation in rhesus monkeys.

The pleiotropic vasoprotective functions of high density lipoproteins(HDL)

The pleiotropic functions of circulating high density lipoprotein（HDL） on peripheral vascular health are well established. HDL plays a pivotal role in reverse cholesterol transport and is also known to suppress inflammation,endothelial activation and apoptosis in peripheral vessels. Although not expressed in the central nervous system, HDL has nevertheless emerged as a potential resilience factor for dementia in multiple epidemiological studies. Animal model data specifically support a role for HDL in attenuating the accumulation of P-amyloid within cerebral vessels concomitant with reduced neuroinflammation and improved cognitive performance. As the vascular contributions to dementia are increasingly appreciated, this review seeks to summarize recent literature focused on the vasoprotective properties of HDL that may extend to cerebral vessels, discuss potential roles of HDL in dementia relative to brainderived lipoproteins, identify gaps in current knowledge, and highlight new opportunities for research and discovery.

EFFECT OF HERB-MEDICINE-CAKE-SEPARATED MOXIBUSTION ON SERUM LIPOPROTEIN CONTENTS AND RATIO OF HDL-Ch AND LDL-Ch IN HYPERLIPEMIA RABBITS

Objective: To observe the effect of herb-medicine-cake-separated moxibustion on serum lipoprotein in hyperlipemia rabbits. Methods: 55 New-Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into control group (n=13), model group (n=14), direct moxibustion group (n=14) and herb-medicine-cake-separated moxibustion (indirect moxibustion) group (n=14). Hyperlipemia model was established by feeding the animals with specialized forage (15% vitellus powder, 5% lard, 0.5% cholesterol and common forage) for 6 weeks. Moxibustion was applied to “Juque”(CV 14), “Tianshu”(ST 25), “Fenglong”(ST 40), etc., 4 moxa-cones for every acupoint, once daily and continuously for 40 days. Serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-Ch), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Ch) and total cholesterol (TCh) contents were assayed with colorimetric method. Results: Compared with control group, serum LDL-Ch content, HDL-Ch/LDL-Ch and HDL-Ch/TCh of model group were significantly higher (P<0.05～0.01), while compared with model group, LDL-Ch contents of two moxibustion groups were strikingly lower (P<0.01). No significant differences were found between two moxibustion groups in all the 4 indexes. Conclusion: Both direct and indirect moxibustion can effectively lower serum LDL-Ch, raise HDL-Ch, HDL-Ch/LDL-Ch and HDL-Ch/TCh, and regulate lipoprotein metabolism in hyperlipemia rabbits.

Hydrogen-rich Saline Reduces Atherogenesis in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice Fed a High-fat Diet by Inhibiting the Non-HDL-mediated Arterial Inflammation and Promoting the Expression of Genes Involving Reverse Cholesterol Transport

Aim Hydrogen(dihydrogen,H2) is an effective antioxidant to reduce oxidative stress and oxidative stress is implicated in atherogene-sis.In this study we examined whether hydrogen-saturated saline can prevent atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout(apoE-/-) mice fed either chowdiet or high-fat diet,and characterized the underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods and Results The atherosclerotic lesion formation displayed by oil red O staining positive area was reduced significantly in either aortic root section or aortic arch en face in hydrogen administrated apoE-/-mice fed either chowdiet or high-fat diet,compared to the control.Plasma analysis by enzymatic method showed that total cholesterol(TC) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C)were remarkably decreased by treatment with hydrogen.Western blot analysis revealed a significant decrease of both plasma apoli-poprotein B(apoB) level and hepatic expression of apoB after hydrogen treatment,suggesting hydrogen could downregulate the expression of the major protein constituent of non-HDL.In addition,spectrophotometric measurement showed that plasma levels of malondi-aldehyde(MDA) and serum amyloid Awas decreased and paraoxonase-1 activity was increased in mice treated with hydrogen,suggesting plasma lipid oxidation and peroxidation was impaired by hydrogen treatment.Besides,the MDA content of the non-HDL,whichseparated by ultracentrifugation from the plasma of mice treated with and without hydrogen,was reduced by hydrogen,suggesting the oxidation of non-HDL was impaired by hydrogen.Moreover,we found hydrogen treatment significantly suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6 in RAW264.7 macrophages after stimulation with the isolated non-HDL,suggesting hydrogen reduces atherogenesis by inhibiting non-high-density lipoprotein(HDL)-mediated inflammation.Furthermore,immunohis-tochemistry of aortic valve sections revealed that hydrogen attenuated lesion formation by suppressing the expression of several proin-flammatory factors and decreasing vessel wall infiltration of macrophages,indicating hydrogen-treatment reduces arterial inflammation.Besides,real-time PCR and western blot analysis disclosed that the expression of several transporter genes involved in the process ofreverse cholesterol transport,including hepatic scavenger receptor class B type I(SR-BI),ATP-binding cassette(ABC) transporters ABCG8,ABCB4,ABCB11,and macrophage SR-BI,were all induced by hydrogen treatment.Conclusion These results re-vealed that administration of hydrogen-rich saline reduces atherogenesis in apoE-/-mice fed a high-fat diet by inhibiting the non-HDL-mediated arterial inflammation and promoting the expression of genes involving reverse cholesterol transport.

Overexpression of low-density lipoprotein receptor prevents neurotoxic polarization of astrocytes via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in experimental ischemic stroke

Neurotoxic astrocytes are a promising therapeutic target for the attenuation of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Low-density lipoprotein receptor,a classic cholesterol regulatory receptor,has been found to inhibit NLR family pyrin domain containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation in neurons following ischemic stroke and to suppress the activation of microglia and astrocytes in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease.However,little is known about the effects of low-density lipoprotein receptor on astrocytic activation in ischemic stroke.To address this issue in the present study,we examined the mechanisms by which low-density lipoprotein receptor regulates astrocytic polarization in ischemic stroke models.First,we examined low-density lipoprotein receptor expression in astrocytes via immunofluorescence staining and western blotting analysis.We observed significant downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor following middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation.Second,we induced the astrocyte-specific overexpression of low-density lipoprotein receptor using astrocyte-specific adeno-associated virus.Low-density lipoprotein receptor overexpression in astrocytes improved neurological outcomes in middle cerebral artery occlusion mice and reversed neurotoxic astrocytes to create a neuroprotective phenotype.Finally,we found that the overexpression of low-density lipoprotein receptor inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injured astrocytes and that the addition of nigericin,an NLRP3 agonist,restored the neurotoxic astrocyte phenotype.These findings suggest that low-density lipoprotein receptor could inhibit the NLRP3-meidiated neurotoxic polarization of astrocytes and that increasing low-density lipoprotein receptor in astrocytes might represent a novel strategy for treating cerebral ischemic stroke.

川崎病冠状动脉损害的早期识别及其与单核细胞与HDL-C比值的关系

目的:探讨川崎病(KD)冠状动脉损害(CAL)的早期识别及其与单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)比值(MHR)的关系。方法:选取2019年6月至2022年6月于南通大学附属医院住院治疗的KD患儿216例作为研究对象,分为训练集(162例)和测试集(54例),收集患儿临床资料。根据超声心动图诊断结果将训练集患儿分为CAL组(45例)和NCAL组(117例),比较两组患儿临床资料和实验室检查结果的差异,Logistic回归法分析KD患儿发生CAL的危险因素,采用Pearson分析KD患儿MHR与CAL的相关性。再按照MHR三分位数将CAL组患儿分为低MHR组(≤0.28)、中MHR组(0.29~0.42)和高MHR组(≥0.43),并进行分析比较。Cox回归模型分析KD患儿MHR与CAL风险的关系,并依据KD患儿发生CAL的独立危险因素构建预测模型。结果:162例KD患儿均有发热表现,且夏季为高发病期;与NCAL组相比,CAL组在年龄、性别、发热时间、KD分型、MHR、WBC、PLT、NLR、CRP方面差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);Pearson相关分析显示,MHR与CAL组患儿冠状动脉扩张程度呈显著正相关(r=0.743,P=0.001),高MHR组KD患儿并发CAL风险显著高于低MHR组(HR=2.857,95%CI:1.329~6.431,P=0.003);Logistic回归分析显示,性别、发热时间、MHR、WBC、NLR及CRP是KD患儿并发CAL的独立危险因素;基于CAL的独立危险因素构建预测模型:Logit(P)=1.342+0.359×性别+0.181×发热时间+1.064×MHR+0.459×WBC+0.146×NLR+0.211×CRP,P=e logit(P)/1+e logit(P),该模型(AUC=0.874,95%CI:0.799~0.892),与测试集比较(AUC=0.881,95%CI:0.785~0.913),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);MHR预测KD患儿并发CAL的AUC=0.796,灵敏度为0.896,特异度为0.824,其以作为KD患儿并发CAL的早期预测因子。结论:MHR在诊断KD患儿并发CAL中具有一定的预测价值,并能在一定程度上反映KD患儿并发CAL程度,因此临床上应及时关注KD患儿MHR变化。

Role of apolipoproteins,ABCA1 and LCAT in the biogenesis of normal and aberrant high density lipoproteins

In this review, we focus on the pathway of biogenesis of HDL, the essential role of apoA-I, ATP binding cassette transporter A1（ABCA1）, and lecithin： cholesterol acyltransferase（LCAT） in the formation of plasma HDL; the generation of aberrant forms of HDL containing mutant apoA-I forms and the role of apoA-IV and apoE in the formation of distinct HDL subpopulations. The biogenesis of HDL requires functional interactions of the ABCA1 with apoA-I（and to a lesser extent with apoE and apoA-IV） and subsequent interactions of the nascent HDL species thus formed with LCAT. Mutations in apoA-I, ABCA1 and LCAT either prevent or impair the formation of HDL and may also affect the functionality of the HDL species formed. Emphasis is placed on three categories of apoA-I mutations. The first category describes a unique bio-engineered apoA-I mutation that disrupts interactions between apoA-I and ABCA1 and generates aberrant prep HDL subpopulations that cannot be converted efficiently to a subpopulations by LCAT. The second category describes natural and bio-engineered apoA-I mutations that generate preβ and small size a4 HDL subpopulations, and are associated with low plasma HDL levels. These phenotypes can be corrected by excess LCAT. The third category describes bio-engineered apoA-I mutations that induce hypertriglyceridemia that can be corrected by excess lipoprotein lipase and also have defective maturation of HDL.The HDL phenotypes described here may serve in the future for diagnosis, prognoses and potential treatment of abnormalities that affect the biogenesis and functionality of HDL.

中性粒细胞与HDL-C比值和单核细胞与HDL-C比值对冠状动脉狭窄程度的预测价值

目的:分析中性粒细胞与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(NHR)和单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(MHR)对冠状动脉狭窄程度的预测价值。方法:回顾性分析2021年10月至2022年4月于本院心内科住院行冠脉造影的患者273例。根据冠脉造影结果分为冠脉正常组89例,轻中度病变组(0<Gensini积分≤40分)97例、重度病变组(Gensini积分>40分)87例。比较三组患者的NHR和MHR。采用ROC曲线分析NHR和MHR对冠脉狭窄程度的预测价值。结果:与冠脉正常组相比,轻中度病变组和重度病变组的MHR[0.35(0.27,0.43)比0.49(0.34,0.64)比0.47(0.35,0.63)]、NHR[3.63(3.01,4.76)比4.91(3.77,6.52)比5.86(4.65,7.98)]均显著增加(P均<0.001);且重度病变组NHR值显著高于轻中度病变组(P=0.022)。ROC曲线分析提示,NHR预测轻中度和重度病变的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.723(95%CI:0.651~0.795)、0.820(95%CI:0.757~0.882);MHR预测轻中度和重度病变的AUC分别为0.689(95%CI:0.612~0.766)、0.706(95%CI:.0.628~0.882)。结论:NHR、MHR对冠脉动脉狭窄严重程度有较强的预测价值,并随着狭窄程度越严重,其预测价值越大。

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2(LRP2)is required for lipid export in the midgut of the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2(LRP2)is a multifunctional endocytic receptor expressed in epithelial cells.In mammals,it acts as an endocytic receptor that mediates the cellular uptake of cholesterol-containing apolipoproteins to maintain lipid homeostasis.However,little is known about the role of LRP2 in lipid homeostasis in insects.In the present study,we investigated the function of LRP2 in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria(LmLRP2).The mRNA of LmLRP2 is widely distributed in various tissues,including integument,wing pads,foregut,midgut,hindgut,Malpighian tubules and fat body,and the amounts of LmLRP2 transcripts decreased gradually in the early stages and then increased in the late stages before ecdysis during the nymphal developmental stage.Fluorescence immunohistochemistry revealed that the LmLRP2 protein is mainly located in cellular membranes of the midgut and hindgut.Using RNAi to silence LmLRP2 caused molting defects in nymphs(more than 60%),and the neutral lipid was found to accumulate in the midgut and surface of the integument,but not in the fat body,of dsLmLRP2-treated nymphs.The results of a lipidomics analysis showed that the main components of lipids(diglyceride and triglyceride)were significantly increased in the midgut,but decreased in the fat body and hemolymph.Furthermore,the content of total triglyceride was significantly increased in the midgut,but markedly decreased in the fat body and hemolymph in dsLmLRP2-injected nymphs.Our results indicate that LmLRP2 is located in the cellular membranes of midgut cells,and is required for lipid export from the midgut to the hemolymphand fat body in locusts.

基于FPGA软件安全性的HDL编码规范分析与研究

随着FPGA的广泛应用,FPGA的运行代码的安全性也越来越重要。文章从HDL编码的角度,研究了影响FPGA软件功能安全性的几个重要因素,分析了信号跨时钟域处理、状态机设计、信号毛刺等因素在编码阶段对软件安全性的影响,并提出了对应的防范措施;形成了基于FPGA软件功能安全性的HDL编码和设计规范,为规避在编码阶段引入软件功能安全性问题提供了一定的依据和参考。

甘油三酯与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(TG/HDL-C)对原发性肝癌发病的影响

目的探究甘油三酯与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(TG/HDL-C)对原发性肝癌发病的影响。方法采用前瞻性队列研究的方式,收集2006年7月—2007年12月参加开滦集团健康体检的99750例在职及离退休职工的体检资料,并对其原发性肝癌的发病情况进行随访,随访截止时间为2021年12月31日。根据TG/HDL-C三分位水平将受试者分成3组,分别为Q1组(TC/HDL-C<0.66,n=33229)、Q2组(0.66≤TC/HDL-C<1.14,n=33302)、Q3组(TC/HDL-C≥1.14,n=33219)。计算各组原发性肝癌的发病密度。符合正态分布的计量资料多组间比较采用单因素方差分析;符合偏态分布的计量资料多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。采用Kaplan⁃Meier法计算各组原发性肝癌的累积发病率,以Logrank检验比较各组间累积发病率的差异。采用Cox比例风险模型分析不同TG/HDL-C水平分组对原发性肝癌发病的影响。结果3组受试者年龄、男性比例、腰围、BMI、空腹血糖、收缩压、舒张压、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、ALT、超敏C-反应蛋白、慢性肝病、高血压病、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤家族史、饮酒、吸烟、体育锻炼、受教育程度组间对比差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。在平均(14.06±2.71)年的随访过程中,新发肝癌共计484例,其中男446例,女38例。Q1组、Q2组、Q3组原发性肝癌的发病密度分别是0.39/千人年、0.35/千人年、0.30/千人年。3组受试者的原发性肝癌累积发病率分别是6.03‰、5.28‰和4.49‰,经Log-rank检验,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.06,P=0.048)。校正了考虑到的混杂因素后,Cox比例风险模型结果显示,以Q3组为对照,Q1、Q2组的风险比及95%可信区间分别为2.04(1.61~2.58)、1.53(1.21~1.92)(P for trend<0.05)。结论TG/HDL-C水平降低与原发性肝癌发病风险升高有关,特别是在慢性肝病的人群中这种关联更加明显。

HbA1c、LDL-C、HDL-C联合检测在2型糖尿病肾病中的诊断价值

目的:探究糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)联合检测在2型糖尿病肾病中的诊断价值。方法:选取2019年1月—2021年12月南京中医药大学附属苏州市中医医院收治的120例2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象。根据患者是否发生糖尿病肾病将其分为合并肾病组(n=35)和未合并肾病组(n=85)。收集两组患者一般资料。检测两组Hb A1c、LDL-C、HDL-C。比较两组一般资料及Hb A1c、LDL-C、HDL-C水平。分析2型糖尿病肾病的危险因素。分析HbA1c、LDL-C、HDL-C对2型糖尿病肾病的诊断价值。结果:合并肾病组糖尿病病程长于未合并肾病组,吸烟史占比高于未合并肾病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。合并肾病组HbA1c、LDL-C水平均高于未合并肾病组,HDL-C水平低于未合并肾病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic分析结果显示,HbA1c、LDL-C、吸烟史、糖尿病病程均是2型糖尿病患者合并糖尿病肾病的危险因素,HDL-C是保护因素(P<0.05)。HbA1c、LDL-C、HDL-C联合检测的AUC最高。结论:HbA1c、LDL-C、HDL-C联合检测应用于2型糖尿病肾病诊断中,具有较高的诊断价值,为临床对2型糖尿病肾病的早期诊断提供新思路。

HDL颗粒、HDL-C与apoA-Ⅰ一致性评估冠心病严重程度的价值

目的研究高密度脂蛋白(HDL)颗粒、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)以及HDL-C与载脂蛋白A-Ⅰ(apo A-Ⅰ)一致性与冠脉狭窄程度的关系,并探讨三者对冠心病的预测价值。方法收集首次于南方医院行冠状动脉造影检查的患者591例,并进行Gensini评分。分别统计HDL颗粒、HDL-C、apo A-Ⅰ在冠心病组与非冠心病组、稳定性心绞痛组(SAP组)与急性冠脉综合征组(ACS组)以及在Gensini积分四分位分组(A、B、C、D组)的分布差异。按照HDL-C、apo A-Ⅰ中位数分为低高值并两两组合为四组,探讨HDL-C与apo A-Ⅰ一致性与冠心病严重程度的关系,通过ROC曲线分析三者对冠心病的预测价值。结果与非冠心病组比较,冠心病组的HDL颗粒大小、HDL-C和apo A-Ⅰ水平均降低(P<0.001);ACS组与SAP组比较得到以上类似结果;在A、B、C、D组中随着冠脉狭窄程度的加重,HDL颗粒大小、HDL-C和apo A-Ⅰ水平呈逐渐下降(P<0.001)。HDL-C与apo A-Ⅰ一致性与冠心病严重程度有关(P<0.001)。HDL颗粒的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)大于HDL-C、HDL-C与apo A-Ⅰ一致性。结论 HDL颗粒、HDL-C、HDL-C与apo A-Ⅰ一致性与冠心病严重程度相关。HDL颗粒对冠心病的预测价值优于HDL-C、HDL-C与apo A-Ⅰ一致性。

Monocyte to High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio as a Predictor of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Childhood Obesity

Objective Inflammation is involved in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(MHR)has emerged as a marker for various inflammation-related diseases.The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the MHR and NAFLD in a population with childhood obesity.Methods Based on hepatic ultrasound,a total of 504 children with obesity(357 with NAFLD and 147 without NAFLD)were included in the study.The correlation between the MHR and NAFLD risk factors was assessed by Pearson’s and Spearman’s analyses.Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the association between the MHR and the risk of NAFLD.Results The MHR in patients with NAFLD was significantly greater than that in patients without NAFLD[0.52(0.44-0.67)versus 0.44(0.34-0.57),P<0.001].Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the MHR[odds ratio(OR):1.033,95%confidence interval(CI):1.015-1.051;P<0.001]was an independent predictor of NAFLD in childhood obesity patients,as were age(OR:1.205,95%CI:1.059-1.371;P=0.005],waist circumference[OR:1.037,95%CI:1.008-1.067;P=0.012],and alanine transaminase[OR:1.067,95%CI:1.045-1.089;P<0.001].Additionally,MHR quartiles showed a significant positive association with the incidence of NAFLD after adjusting for potential confounding factors.Conclusion The present study showed that the MHR may serve as an available and useful indicator of NAFLD in individuals with childhood obesity.

Correlation between TG/HDL-C Ratio and Sarcopenia in Middle-Aged and Elderly People in Southwest China

Objective: To study the correlation between TG/HDL-C ratio and sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly people in southwest China. Methods: Body mass index (BMI) and serum of middle-aged and elderly people aged 50 - 70 years in Southwest China were collected, grip strength was measured by grip strength meter, muscle mass and fat mass of upper, lower limbs and trunk were measured by body composition analyzer based on bioelectrical impedance method, and TG and HDL-C in serum were determined by enzymatic method. Results: Pearson correlation analysis showed that TG/HDL-C ratio (r = 0.246, p p p > 0.05). Conclusion: TG/HDL-C ratio is a predictor of skeletal muscle mass, and TG/HDL-C ratio is a protective factor for sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly people in southwest China, and it can be used as a potential evaluation indicator for sarcopenia.

基于Verilog HDL语言的调频备份发射机控制系统设计与实现

随着调频广播事业的发展,发射台的发射频率日益增多,为了降低运维成本并减少各频点备份发射机的数量,本文介绍了一种基于Verilog HDL语言设计的调频发射机备机控制系统。该系统能够控制宽带调频发射机的频率切换、音频源选择以及开关机操作,从而实现单台发射机备份多个频点的功能。这一方案不仅简化了设备配置,还提高了系统的灵活性和可靠性。

基于FPGA的HDLC协议控制器

为了实现军航管制系统中雷达数据的可靠传输,根据HDLC协议的帧结构和循环冗余校验(CRC)原理,提出了一种新型的基于并行机制的HDLC协议控制器,讨论采用FPGA新技术实现HDLC协议帧的构成、解析模块及其内部的CRC码生成、检验模块的方法。在FPGA内部采用硬件描述语言(HDL)并行设计多通道的高级数据链路控制(HDLC)协议控制器,该协议控制器有效利用FPGA的片内硬件资源,实现了并行解析和生成多通道的HDLC协议报文,提高了数据通信系统中的多通道扩展性、实时性和稳定性。

HDL磷脂水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的研究HDL磷脂水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法对180名成年男性进行冠脉造影检查同时检测其高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白磷脂(HDL-P)水平。结果与对照组相比病变组患者中的HDL(P<0.01)和HDL-P (P<0.001)浓度显著下降。HDL浓度在病变组之间(从一支病变组到三支病变组)没有显著差异，HDL-P浓度与冠脉病变程度呈负相关。结论HDL-P是较好的预测冠状动脉疾病进展程度的指标。

Initial decrease in the lipoprotein(a)level is a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND Lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)]is a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases;however,its role in acute coronary syndrome(ACS)remains unclear.AIM To investigate the hypothesis that the Lp(a)levels are altered by various conditions during the acute phase of ACS,resulting in subsequent cardiovascular events.METHODS From September 2009 to May 2016,377 patients with ACS who underwent emergent coronary angiography,and 249 who completed≥1000 d of follow-up were enrolled.Lp(a)levels were measured using an isoform-independent assay at each time point from before percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)to 48 h after PCI.The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events(MACE;cardiac death,other vascular death,ACS,and non-cardiac vascular events).RESULTS The mean circulating Lp(a)level decreased significantly from pre-PCI(0 h)to 12 h after(19.0 mg/dL to 17.8 mg/dL,P<0.001),and then increased significantly up to 48 h after(19.3 mg/dL,P<0.001).The changes from 0 to 12 h[Lp(a)Δ0-12]significantly correlated with the basal levels of creatinine[Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient(SRCC):-0.181,P<0.01]and Lp(a)(SRCC:-0.306,P<0.05).Among the tertiles classified according to Lp(a)Δ0-12,MACE was significantly more frequent in the lowest Lp(a)Δ0-12 group than in the remaining two tertile groups(66.2%vs 53.6%,P=0.034).A multivariate analysis revealed that Lp(a)Δ0-12[hazard ratio(HR):0.96,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.92-0.99]and basal creatinine(HR:1.13,95%CI:1.05-1.22)were independent determinants of subsequent MACE.CONCLUSION Circulating Lp(a)levels in patients with ACS decreased significantly after emergent PCI,and a greater decrease was independently associated with a worse prognosis.