Meaning in Life and Mental Health Issues in Older Adults:A Meta-Analysis

This study aims to be the first to use meta-analysis to explore the relationship between meaning in life(MIL)and mental health issues among older adults.A meta-analysis was conducted using six databases,resulting in 16 studies with 5,074 participants in total.The“metacor”and“forestplot”packages in R-Studio were used for data analysis.The total effect was calculated using a random-effects model,with I2=86%in the heterogeneity test.The results showed a moderate negative correlation between MIL and mental health issues among older adults,with an average effect of−0.37.Five potential moderating variables were examined:the conceptualization of MIL(value vs.purpose),region(Asian vs.Western countries),residence status(community vs.nursing home vs.hospital),types of mental health issues,and evaluation methods(clinical vs.non-clinical).The first four had no significant moderating effect.The mean correlation coefficients between mental health issues and value/purpose were−0.49/−0.33;the mean correlation coefficients in Asian countries and Western countries were−0.48 and−0.34;the mean correlation coefficients among participants living in community/nursing home/mixed status were−0.33/−0.40/−0.40;the mean correlation coefficients between MIL and depression/others were−0.37/−0.35;however,the negative relationship between MIL and mental health issues was stronger when non-clinical evaluations(self-report only)were used.Specifically,the mean correlation coefficient for non-clinical evaluations was−0.42 and for clinical evaluations was−0.29.This study is the first meta-analysis to identify the negative correlation between older adults’MIL and mental health issues.Significant moderating effects of evaluation methods were found.

Effects of supervised movie appreciation on the improvement of college students’ life meaning sense

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of supervised movie appreciation on improving the life meaning sense among college students. The intervention combined by “pre-video, post counseling” was conducted on the experimental group, while the control group received no intervention. Results have shown that the scores on the subscales of will to meaning, life purpose, life control, suffer acceptance and on the total scale have improved significantly. No gender difference was found on the intervention effect, and participants receiving intervention maintained higher level on related subscales a week later, indicating that supervised movie appreciation is an effective way to improve the life meaning sense among college students.

Meaning in life and well-being of older stroke survivors in Chinese communities: Mediating effects of mastery and self-esteem

The study aims to examine the role of mastery and self-esteem as a potential mediator of the relationship of meaning in life and well-being among older Chinese stroke survivors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 214 community-dwelling older stroke survivors (128 men and 86 women), ranging from 60 years to 88 years old. The meaning in life, mastery, self-esteem and subjective well-being were measured. The results indicated that: 1) The meaning in life and subjective well-being of stroke survivors were significantly positive correlated;2) Mastery and self-esteem played partial mediating roles between existential vacuum and subjective well-being;Self-esteem played full a mediating role between suffer acceptance and subjective well-being;Mastery played a full mediating role between life control and subjective well-being;Mastery played a partial mediating role between death acceptance and subjective well-being;Self-esteem also played a partial mediating role between mastery and subjective well-being.

Mindfulness Associates Life Satisfaction:The Mediating Role of Internal Control and the Presence of Meaning in Life

This study explored the internal mechanism of the effect of mindfulness on life satisfaction from the perspective of logotherapy theory and achievement attribution theory.We recruited 1021 college students using a combination of random sampling and cluster sampling.They completed the relevant questionnaire.The results showed that,from the perspective of logotherapy theory,wefind that the presence of meaning in life is an important intermediary between mindfulness and life satisfaction.From the perspective of achievement attribution theory,we found that internal control was an important intermediary between mindfulness and life satisfaction.In addition,we also found the chain mediating path that mindfulness positively predicted life satisfaction by influencing internal control and then influencing the presence of meaning in life.This study proves for thefirst time that the theory of logotherapy and achievement attribution explain the internal mechanism of the relation of mindfulness on life satisfaction.This study provides an important reference for how to effectively improve life satisfaction from the perspective of mindfulness.

Depression by the Theory of Breathing and Finding Meaning of Life

This study aimed to examine the relationship of finding meaning to life with the level of depression and investigates the effect of using breathing theory in treating or reducing depression in a sample of individuals suffering from depression in the Kuwait Mental Health Center. In order to achieve these objectives, the researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach through an applied questionnaire on the study sample which consist of (380) individuals and the quasi-experimental approach by dividing the study sample individuals into two groups;control group consisted of (190) individuals and experimental group consist of (190) individuals. Also, the researcher developed meaning of life scale and breathing strategy, also used beck depression inventory scale. The study found a set of results, there is a negative relationship between finding meaning in life and depression and there are statistically significant differences between the members of the two groups due to the use of the breathing strategy, in favor of the experimental group. In the light of this result, the study came out with a set of recommendations, the most important of which are holding training and educational courses for depressed patients on ways and methods of finding meaning in life, as these courses have the benefit in reducing the level of depression among patients.

The Ethics and the Meaning of Life among College Students

The concern of the ethics and the meaning of life in young adults became universal and are present in all contexts of human life. Such universality is due to the development of modern rationality, to establish a relationship between the intrinsic theoretical dimensions (scientific) and practical dimensions (ethical), originated that are present in the own array of knowledge. This descriptive cross-sectional study, aims to identify the values of the ethical dimension and meaning of life defended by the college students of the Universities of Madeira, Portugal and Fortaleza, Brazil. The sample consists of 605 University students (Madeira = 225 and Fortaleza = 380), with an average age of 21 years and a standard deviation of 2. We used the questionnaire on values (adapted from the European Values Survey). Most of the young people referred to have a religion (60% wood and 78.4% stronghold), being the most Catholic, however, present in your frequency disinterest and, yet, in Brazil there is a greater diversity of religions. Supporting the intervention of religious institutions in situations of everyday life is accepted mostly by Brazilians, with the exception of politics (35.5%). On the other hand, the university students of the University of Madeira understand that Religious Institutions should only give their opinion on racial discrimination (76.6%). Believe in God (90.8% and 55.1% Stronghold) and Soul (80.3% and 66.4% Stronghold) are beliefs more referred to by college students. These results are intended to contribute in the field of research on ethical values and meaning of life in young people. This study contributes to future comparative research among university students and to developing strategic programs in education and health, increasing the success and excellence in the formation of a full citizenship, preventing the fanaticisms and the social discrimination that today devastate the collective globally.

创造力与大学生生命意义感:积极情绪和创造性自我效能感的作用

为考察创造力与大学生生命意义感之间的关系,以及积极情绪和创造性自我效能感在其中的作用,本研究采用Runco创新观念行为量表、积极情绪量表、创造性自我效能感问卷和生命意义问卷对665名大学生进行了测查。结果显示:(1)创造力、积极情绪、创造性自我效能感和生命意义感之间存在两两正相关关系;(2)积极情绪在创造力与生命意义感之间起部分中介作用;(3)创造性自我效能感调节了创造力影响生命意义感的直接路径,随着创造性自我效能感的提升,创造力对生命意义感的预测作用减弱。本研究在理论上揭示了创造力对生命意义感的作用及其机制,对大学生生命意义教育具有一定实践参考价值。

三维度生命意义感量表的中文版翻译及其信效度检验

引入三维度生命意义感量表(Three Dimensional Meaning in Life Scale,3DM),包含目标、重要性和一致性3个维度,检验其中文翻译版的信效度和测量等值性。样本1(544名大学生)用于探索性因素分析,样本2(559名成年人)用于验证性因素分析和测量等值性检验。选取生命意义感问卷作为效标效度,正性负性情绪量表和生活满意度量表作为聚合–区分效度。间隔1个月,对345人进行重测,考察重测信度。结果表明,探索性和验证性因素分析支持三维度结构,总量表及分量表的内部一致性系数在0.82~0.95之间,重测信度在0.71~0.83之间。3DM量表总分及分维度与拥有意义感、寻求意义感、正性情绪和生活满意度显著正相关,与负性情绪显著负相关。3DM量表具有跨性别与跨时间的测量等值性。研究结果证明,3DM量表具有良好的信效度,可以在中国用于测量生命意义感的不同成分。

团体积极心理干预对研究生生命意义感和社会支持的效果

目的:验证积极心理干预提升研究生生命意义感及社会支持的有效性。方法:将59名研究生(年龄22.76±0.97岁)分为干预组(n=44)和对照组(n=15),干预组完成了6次团体积极心理干预,对照组等待实施干预,前测与后测均填写了生命意义感量表(MLQ)和领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)。结果:①干预组在生命意义感、领悟社会支持得分上的变化量均显著高于对照组(t=2.02,2.60;P<0.05);②与前测相比,干预组在干预后生命意义感和领悟社会支持显著提升(t=3.80,3.71;P<0.001)。结论:团体积极心理干预可以有效提升研究生的生命意义感和社会支持。

旅游能带给人们生命意义感吗?——旅游情境下的生命意义感生成机制研究

生命意义感是人类活动的关键引擎,有意义的生活是幸福的最深层次含义。文章以人们踏上旅途寻求生活的意义这一现实现象为切入点,将积极心理学中的生命意义感范畴引入旅游研究视野,以相关网络游记与社区问答文本为材料,运用扎根理论进行编码分析,最终提炼出“旅游世界中的顿悟时刻”这一核心范畴,对旅游者获取生命意义感的具体过程与一般路径作出理论解释。研究发现:1)旅游者以具身实践的方式主动地构建生命意义,具身实践是旅游者生命意义感的来源;2)旅游者由审美体验中的自我超越激发生命活力,自发地觉察生命意义;3)旅游者通过自我反思这一内省过程形成对世界与真实自我的深刻理解,不断地追寻生命意义;4)旅游者通过自我认同的强化实现自我价值的确认,进而真正地肯定生命价值;5)回归日常生活世界时,人们通过回忆与回味重新赋予旅游体验以新的意义,个体生命状态的转变是旅游积极人生意义的一种体现。文章创新地构建出旅游世界中的生命意义感生成模型,对人们在旅游世界中获取生命意义感的顿悟时刻进行了深入解读,丰富了旅游体验的研究内容,深化了现有研究对旅游积极效应的认识,为深入理解旅游的意义提供了新思考。

基于感恩和心理弹性的团体心理训练对大学生生命意义感和幸福感的影响

目的 探讨感恩、心理弹性、生命意义感和心理幸福感之间的关系,以及基于感恩和心理弹性的团体心理训练对大学生生命意义感和幸福感的影响。方法 利用某高校大学生心理健康课,采用整群抽样法抽取某校某学员队学员138人,随机分成干预组(70人)和对照组(68人)。干预组接受连续5周,每周1次,每次2 h的团体心理训练,对照组暂不接受训练(下学期参加同一内容培训)。使用自编人口统计学量表、生命意义感量表(Meaning in Life Questionnaire, MLQ)、感恩问卷(Gratitude Questionnaire, GQ)、简版心理弹性量表(10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, CD-RISC-10)、心理幸福感量表(Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being, RPWB),在干预前(T1)、干预结束时(T2)、干预结束后1个月(T3)分别对2组成员进行评估。用T1时数据分析各变量之间的关系。结果 (1)感恩、心理弹性、生命意义感和心理幸福感两两正相关(P<0.01),生命意义感在感恩和心理幸福感之间起中介作用;生命意义感在心理弹性和心理幸福感之间起中介作用。(2)训练前两组人口统计学信息和各项心理指标差异均无统计学意义。干预后感恩、心理弹性、生命意义感和心理幸福感的时间与分组交互效应显著;T2和T3时干预组的感恩、心理弹性、生命意义感和心理幸福感水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.01);干预组T2、T3时的感恩、心理弹性、生命意义感和心理幸福感得分均显著高于T1时(P<0.01);干预组T2和T3时感恩、心理弹性、生命意义感、心理幸福感得分差异无统计学意义。结论 生命意义感能够部分中介感恩和心理弹性对心理幸福感的影响。基于感恩和心理弹性的团体心理训练能显著提升大学生感恩、心理弹性、生命意义感和心理幸福感水平,且具有持续效果。

基于结构化教育的安宁疗护培训在老年科护士中的应用效果

目的老年病学科护士接受安宁疗护教育的程度影响安宁疗护服务的供给,本研究探讨基于结构化教育的安宁疗护培训对老年科护士死亡相关知识、死亡态度及人生意义感的影响。方法选取2020年1—3月某三级甲等医院老年病学科7个科室的99名护士为研究对象,按照组间基线资料均衡可比的原则,选择4个科室的护士(n=59)作为观察组,另外3个科室的护士(n=40)作为对照组。培训内容包括:死亡及濒死护理、自杀相关问题、各年龄层对死亡的态度、失落与悲伤护理、死亡及死亡教育概论、死亡理论、法律相关问题、哲学、宗教、民俗的死亡观和丧葬相关问题8个主题。观察组采用基于结构化教育的安宁疗护培训,对照组采用常规的安宁疗护培训。两组各培训3个月,干预后采用护士死亡知识调查问卷、死亡态度描绘量表(修订版)(Death Attitude Profile-Revised,DAP-R)、中文人生意义问卷(Meaning in Life Questionnaire,C-MLQ)分别评价两组护士的死亡相关知识、死亡态度及人生意义的认同感情况。结果观察组护士的死亡相关知识水平掌握总分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护士死亡态度评价中自然接受、逃离接受评分高于对照组,死亡恐惧、死亡逃避评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护士人生意义认同感评分高于对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于结构化教育的安宁疗护培训可提高老年科护士死亡相关知识、改善死亡态度及人生意义感。

急诊科护理实习生死亡应对能力现状及影响因素研究

目的 调查急诊科护理实习生的死亡应对能力现状并分析其影响因素。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2022年8月-2023年4月在河南省、陕西省、甘肃省各1所三级甲等医院急诊科的217名护理实习生为研究对象,采用生命意义感量表、简化版死亡应对能力量表、中文版死亡态度描绘量表对其进行调查。结果 回收有效问卷93.5%。急诊科护理实习生的死亡应对能力得分为(37.99±8.50)分,处于中等偏下水平。多元线性回归分析结果显示,学校是否设置死亡教育或安宁疗护课程、是否支持生前预嘱、生命意义感、趋近接受是急诊科护理实习生死亡应对能力水平的影响因素(P<0.05),可解释29.8%的总变异。结论 急诊科护理实习生死亡应对能力有待提升。临床教学应弥补学校死亡教育的相对不足,引导其深层次思考死亡事件并培养正向死亡态度,立足中国传统文化探寻生命意义感,从而提升护理实习生的死亡应对能力。

丧偶老人生命意义感的影响因素研究——基于结构方程模型的实证分析

目的了解丧偶老人生命意义感的现状,构建丧偶老人生命意义感的影响因素模型。方法采用整群抽样法,使用生命意义感量表、社会支持量表、社会参与量表和基本心理需求量表对湖南省岳阳市岳阳楼区16个社区和湖南省华容县16个村的836例丧偶老人进行横断面调查,采用结构方程模型分析丧偶老人生命意义感的影响因素及作用路径。结果丧偶老人生命意义感的得分为34.56±7.38,社会支持得分为25.22±5.97,社会参与得分为12.96±3.48,基本心理需求得分为71.35±14.26。结构方程模型结果显示:相关因素对丧偶老人生命意义感的解释度为59.5%。社会支持、社会参与、基本心理需求对生命意义感有直接效应(效应值分别为0.23、0.24、0、49,P<0.001)。基本心理需求在社会支持与生命意义感的间接效应为0.19(P<0.001),在社会参与与生命意义感的间接效应为0.11(P<0.001),该模型拟合效果良好。结论丧偶老人的社会支持、社会参与、基本心理需求对丧偶老人生命意义感具有正向预测作用;基本心理需求在社会支持、社会参与与生命意义感之间存在部分中介作用。

进化心理学视角下的生命意义感:心理机制、影响因素及作用(综述)

生命意义感问题日渐受到社会大众和多学科领域的关注,进化心理学观点认为生命意义感作为个体对生命存在目的和意义的理解和感知,是人类进化过程中形成的一种心理机制,与适应性选择、响应本能需求、社会互动与群体适应关系密切。研究通过集成当前的进化心理学理论观点和实证研究成果,从认知、情感和动机3个层面对生命意义感发展的影响进行了初步解读,指出三者之间相互交织,共同塑造了个体对生命意义的理解体验、行为决策和社会互动模式,并基于此进一步揭示生命意义感保护身心健康、调节人际关系的现实价值和推动人类进化、促进社会发展的进化价值,为生命意义感研究和实践应用提供新的学科视角。未来研究需要进一步探索内在机制、跨文化比较以及持续关注社会变迁对个体生命意义感的影响。

时机理论指导下的护理干预在胃肠道肿瘤患者中的实施效果

目的分析时机理论指导下的护理干预在胃肠道肿瘤患者中的应用效果。方法选取2022年2月—2023年2月无锡市人民医院普外科收治的88例胃肠道肿瘤患者作为研究对象,按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则分为对照组和观察组,各44例。对照组患者予以常规护理干预,观察组患者予以时机理论指导下的护理干预,比较两组患者的癌因性疲乏程度、压力知觉水平、病耻感与生命意义。结果护理前,两组患者的癌因性疲乏量表(CFC)、中文版压力知觉量表(CPSS)、慢性疾病病耻感量表(SSCI)、癌症患者生命意义感量表(C-MiLS)相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。出院90 d后,观察组患者的CFS评分低于对照组,观察组患者的CPSS评分低于对照组,观察组患者的SSCI评分低于对照组,观察组患者的C-MiLS各维度评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论时机理论指导下的护理干预在胃肠道肿瘤患者中的应用不仅能缓解胃肠道肿瘤患者的癌因性疲乏程度,降低其压力知觉水平与病耻感,而且可促进患者的生命意义感进一步增强。

基于压力与适应理论的护理干预在恶性肿瘤化疗患者中的应用

目的探讨基于压力与适应理论的护理干预在恶性肿瘤化疗患者中的应用效果。方法选取医院2022年7月—2023年6月收治的92例恶性肿瘤化疗患者为研究对象,按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则分为对照组和观察组,每组46例。对照组接受常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上接受基于压力与适应理论的护理干预。比较两组患者压力应对能力量表(MSI)、心境状态量表(POMS)、癌症患者生命意义量表(MiLS)评分。结果干预前,两组患者变化、成熟、肯定、接受评分及压力应对能力量表总分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组变化、成熟、肯定、接受评分及压力应对能力量表总分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,两组患者愤怒-敌意、疲乏-迟钝、抑郁-沮丧、迷惑-混乱、紧张-焦虑及精力-活力评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组患者愤怒-敌意、疲乏-迟钝、抑郁-沮丧、迷惑-混乱、紧张-焦虑评分均低于对照组,精力-活力评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,两组患者癌症患者生命意义量表各维度评分及总分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组患者癌症患者生命意义量表各维度评分及总分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于压力与适应理论的护理干预能够提高恶性肿瘤化疗患者的压力应对能力,改善心境状态,提升生命意义水平。

论文艺价值对人和生命之意义

文艺价值承载着积极向上、雄强有力的精神内核,给人们注入生之活力勇气,传递人类的生存经验,帮助人们在更加深广的程度上感知生活的丰富多彩,认识生活与生命的真谛,帮助我们突破自身的局限,开拓时空,关注和表达人类的生存愿望和精神出路。其价值功能包括三个方面:一是让人们感知到世界的美好;二是解放被困或受压抑的生命活力、创造力;三是帮助人的内在自我的成长,使生命变得更加广博丰厚。

生命叙事视角下纪录片的主体互动、故事生成与意义流动

纪录片如何以“人”为核心讲述“生命”的故事是其作为一种生命叙事文本的现实关切,也是基于纪录片研究回归人的主体意识与话语建构的理论拓展。纪录片生命叙事中的双重主体,即作为他者化的“自我”的创作者与作为“自我化”的他者的被摄者,呈现出主体间互动的“对话性”。纪录片通过将个体生命经验进行一系列梳理、提取与整合,再与社会的汇流中经由连贯性生产进而形成具有结构性和启发性的生命故事。在纪录片中,生命叙事通过“表现性话语”完成意义的建构,并以反身性认知的形式推动意义的再生产与流动。

大学生特质性心流与网络游戏成瘾的关系:生命意义感和生活满意度的链式中介作用

目的 探讨特质性心流与大学生网络游戏成瘾的关系,以及生命意义感和生活满意度在其中的中介作用。方法 采用方便抽样的方法,使用简版特质流畅量表、生命意义感量表、生活满意度量表和网络游戏成瘾问卷对广州市某高校2 770名大学生进行调查。分析各变量间的关系及其相关的中介作用。结果 特质性心流、生命意义感和生活满意度两两之间均呈显著正相关,特质性心流、生命意义感、生活满意度与网络游戏成瘾呈显著负相关。特质性心流对网络游戏成瘾的直接效应显著,也可分别通过生命意义感和生活满意度的独立中介作用以及两者的链式中介效应对网络游戏成瘾产生影响。结论 大学生特质性心流可通过直接作用以及生命意义感和生活满意度的链式中介作用,降低网络游戏成瘾的风险。