Hydration mechanism of tabular alumina carbon composites reinforced by Al4C3 in situ reaction with Mg and Al was researched in water steam using super automatic thermostatic water bath from 25 ℃ to 85 ℃. It is shown...Hydration mechanism of tabular alumina carbon composites reinforced by Al4C3 in situ reaction with Mg and Al was researched in water steam using super automatic thermostatic water bath from 25 ℃ to 85 ℃. It is shown that hydration mechanism of the composites is chemical reaction control at 44.3 ℃-84 ℃ in H2O(g). The hydration was controlled by diffusion from 24.7 ℃ to 33 ℃. The ratio of added Mg/Al influences the HMOR of the composites.The mechanism of HMOR of the composites with different ratios of Mg/Al can be discovered by means of SEM analysis. The active Mg/Al powder and flake graphite inside give the composites outstanding hot strength resulting from the interlocking structure of Al4C3 crystals at high temperature. Besides, the matrix changes into the Al4C3 with high refractoriness. The method of preventing the hydration of tabular alumina carbon composites reinforced by Al4C3 in situ reaction was immersed in the wax at suitable temperature or storing them below 33 ℃ in a dry place or storing them with paraffin-coating.展开更多
This study is a contribution to improving rice productivity on acidic plateau soils of the tropical rainforest zone. It is based on taking into account the cationic balances of the soil in order to optimize the phosph...This study is a contribution to improving rice productivity on acidic plateau soils of the tropical rainforest zone. It is based on taking into account the cationic balances of the soil in order to optimize the phosphorus (P) nutrition of rice on these acidic soils, where this nutrient constitutes a limiting factor for agricultural production. Three (3) pot trials were conducted in Adiopodoumé in the forested south of Côte d’Ivoire. The interactive effects of calcium carbonate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Ca ha<sup>−1</sup>) and magnesium sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>) were evaluated on the response of NERICA 5 rice at doses 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg P ha<sup>−1</sup> of natural phosphate from Togo, applied only once at the start of the experiment. Additional fertilizers of nitrogen (N) (100 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) and potassium (K) (50 kg KCl ha<sup>−1</sup>) were added to each of the tests in a split-plot device. The test results revealed a paddy production potential of approximately 3 to 5 t⋅ha<sup>−1</sup> for NERICA 5 on an acidic soil, under the effect of the interaction of P, Ca and Mg. The quadratic response of rice yield to the doses of these fertilizers would be more dependent on their balance, itself influenced by Ca nutrition. For the sustainability and maintenance of rice production in agro-ecology studied, it was recommended doses of 38 kg Ca ha<sup>−1</sup>, 34 kg Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in a Ca/Mg ratio (1/1) with intakes of 41 kg P ha<sup>−1</sup>, overall in a ratio 1/1/1 (P/Ca/Mg) more favorable to the availability of free iron considered a guiding element of mineral nutrition. Thus, these promising results should be confirmed in a real environment for better management of the fertilization of rice cultivated on acidic plateau soils in Côte d’Ivoire.展开更多
基金Funded by the National Torch Plan of China(No.2005EB031110)the Key Scientific and Technical Innovation Project of Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology(No.zx 0402)
文摘Hydration mechanism of tabular alumina carbon composites reinforced by Al4C3 in situ reaction with Mg and Al was researched in water steam using super automatic thermostatic water bath from 25 ℃ to 85 ℃. It is shown that hydration mechanism of the composites is chemical reaction control at 44.3 ℃-84 ℃ in H2O(g). The hydration was controlled by diffusion from 24.7 ℃ to 33 ℃. The ratio of added Mg/Al influences the HMOR of the composites.The mechanism of HMOR of the composites with different ratios of Mg/Al can be discovered by means of SEM analysis. The active Mg/Al powder and flake graphite inside give the composites outstanding hot strength resulting from the interlocking structure of Al4C3 crystals at high temperature. Besides, the matrix changes into the Al4C3 with high refractoriness. The method of preventing the hydration of tabular alumina carbon composites reinforced by Al4C3 in situ reaction was immersed in the wax at suitable temperature or storing them below 33 ℃ in a dry place or storing them with paraffin-coating.
文摘This study is a contribution to improving rice productivity on acidic plateau soils of the tropical rainforest zone. It is based on taking into account the cationic balances of the soil in order to optimize the phosphorus (P) nutrition of rice on these acidic soils, where this nutrient constitutes a limiting factor for agricultural production. Three (3) pot trials were conducted in Adiopodoumé in the forested south of Côte d’Ivoire. The interactive effects of calcium carbonate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Ca ha<sup>−1</sup>) and magnesium sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>) were evaluated on the response of NERICA 5 rice at doses 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg P ha<sup>−1</sup> of natural phosphate from Togo, applied only once at the start of the experiment. Additional fertilizers of nitrogen (N) (100 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) and potassium (K) (50 kg KCl ha<sup>−1</sup>) were added to each of the tests in a split-plot device. The test results revealed a paddy production potential of approximately 3 to 5 t⋅ha<sup>−1</sup> for NERICA 5 on an acidic soil, under the effect of the interaction of P, Ca and Mg. The quadratic response of rice yield to the doses of these fertilizers would be more dependent on their balance, itself influenced by Ca nutrition. For the sustainability and maintenance of rice production in agro-ecology studied, it was recommended doses of 38 kg Ca ha<sup>−1</sup>, 34 kg Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in a Ca/Mg ratio (1/1) with intakes of 41 kg P ha<sup>−1</sup>, overall in a ratio 1/1/1 (P/Ca/Mg) more favorable to the availability of free iron considered a guiding element of mineral nutrition. Thus, these promising results should be confirmed in a real environment for better management of the fertilization of rice cultivated on acidic plateau soils in Côte d’Ivoire.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52222510)Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(No.2021ZLGX01)。
基金supported by the Jiangsu Province Industry–University–Research Project,China(No.BY20221160)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(No.KYCX22_3798)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52275339)the Key Research and Development Plan of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(No.2023YFE0200400)the Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BZ2021053)。
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFB0311201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51627802)。
基金support from the National Science Foundation of China (No.51971249)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China (No.ZR2020KE012)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Longkou City,China (No.2021KJJH025).