THE EFFICACY OF MICROWAVE THERAPY VIA BRONCHOFIBERSCOPE IN THE TREATMENT OF SEVERE TRACHEA STENOSIS

To evaluate the efficacy of microwave therapy via bronchofberscope for treatment of severe trachea stenosis.Microwave tissue coagulation(MTC)and diathermy(MD)therapy via bronchofiberscope were performed on 37 patients with severe trachea stenosis diseases at least two times.The efective rate immediately after treatment was 100%in all cases.After one month,the rate remained 100%in the patients with benign diseases,but it dropped to 67%in the patients with malignant tumors.We have demonstrated that the microwave thermotherapy via bronchofiberscope is an effective method to treat patients with benign trachea stenosis non-invasively.For cancer patients with trachea soakage and blockage,it can be performed to inprove their life quality by alleviating their agonies.

Combined therapy with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and percutaneous microwave coagulation for small hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To assess the efficacy of combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)and percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy(PMCT)for small hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). METHODS:Thirty-five patients with a total of 41 HCC nodules(≤3 cm in diameter)were treated with TACE followed by computed tomograghy(CT)-guided percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy(PMCT) within 1-3 wk. RESULTS:By biopsies and enhanced CT scans, complete necrosis of the tumor and 3-5 mm of the surrounding non-cancerous area were observed in 34 foci.In seven foci,incomplete necrosis of the surrounding parenchyma was observed.Serum alpha- fetoprotein(AFP)levels returned to normal 10 d after treatment in 25 patients who originally had high serum AFP levels.The follow-up period was 6-31 mo,and all patients remained alive.One patient had a recurrence in the subsegments of the liver,and another patient had a recurrence near the original lesion. CONCLUSION:Combined therapy with TACE and PMCT is a safe and effective treatment without severe complications for small HCC.

Percutaneous microwave ablation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for serum tumor markers and prognostics of middle-late primary hepatic carcinoma

BACKGROUND Primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC)has an insidious onset and is usually diagnosed in the middle and late stages.Although transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)is the preferred option for treating middle-and advanced-stage PHC,it has limited efficacy in killing tumor cells and poor long-term efficacy.TACE plus percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy(PMCT)is more effective than interventional therapy alone and can improve survival time.However,there are few reports on the effects of TACE and PMCT on serum marker levels and the prognosis of patients with advanced PHC.AIM To investigate the effect of PMCT+TACE on serum tumor markers and the prognosis of middle-late PHC.METHODS This retrospective study included 150 patients with middle-late PHC admitted to Zhongshan People’s Hospital between March 2018 and February 2021.Patients were divided into a single group(treated with TACE,n=75)and a combined group(treated with TACE+PMCT,n=75).Before and after treatment,the clinical efficacy and serum tumor marker levels[carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)]of both groups were observed.The 1-year survival rates and prognostic factors of the two groups were analyzed.RESULTS The combined group had 21 and 35 cases of complete remission(CR)and partial remission(PR),respectively.The single group had 13 and 25 cases of CR and PR,decreased,with the decrease in the combined group being more significant(P<0.05).The 1-year survival rate of the combined group(80.00%)was higher than that of the single group(60.00%)(P<0.05).The average survival time within 1 year in the combined group was 299.38±61.13 d,longer than that in the single group(214.41±72.97 d,P<0.05).COX analysis revealed that tumor diameter,tumor number,and the treatment method were prognostic factors for patients with middle-late PHC(P<0.05).CONCLUSION TACE+PMCT is effective in treating patients with mid-late PHC.It reduces the levels of tumor markers,prolongs survival,and improves prognosis.

Combination of Circumcision and Microwave in Treatment of Genital Warts in Uncircumcised Patients

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of combina-tion of circumcision and microwave on genital wartsin uncircumcised men. Methods: A randomized, prospective study of 109uncircumcised adult men with genital warts was con-ducted in a STD clinic in Zhanjiang, Guangdong. Onegroup (n=54) received microwave therapy only, whilethe other group (n=55) was taken the combination ofcircumcision and microwave therapy. The recurrenceswere observed at the end of months 3, 6 and 12, andoperative complications were also recorded. Results: There were no significant differences inthe mean age and duration of the disease between twogroups (P>0.05). No serious operative complicationswere documented. The recurrence rate in circumci-sion plus microwave group was markedly lower thanthat in microwave group (12.7% vs 29.6%, P<0.05),while the differences in early and late recurrencesbetween two groups showed no statistical significance(P>0.05). Conclusion: Circumcision can be safely performedunder local anesthesia in an outpatient setting. Com-bination of circumcision and microwave can produceexcellent effect as well as less tissue damage,therefore, it may be ideal for uncircumcised patientswith extensive condylomas.

Rapid and effective treatment of chronic osteomyelitis by conductive network-like MoS2/CNTs through multiple reflection and scattering enhanced synergistic therapy

Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)-infected chronic osteomyelitis(COM)is one of the most devastating infectious diseases with a high recurrence rate,often leading to amputation and even death.It is incurable by all the current strategies involving the clinical use of radical debridement and systemic intravenous antibiotics.Here,we reported on a microwave(MW)-assisted therapy for COM by constructing a heterojunction formed by flake nanoflower-shaped molybdenum disulfide(MoS2)and tubular carbon nanotubes(CNTs).This composite could achieve a combination of MW thermal therapy(MTT)and MW dynamic therapy(MDT)to accurately and rapidly treat COM with deep tissue infection.In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that MoS2/CNTs were effective in non-invasively treating S.aureus-induced COM due to the heat and reactive oxygen species(ROS)produced under MW irradiation.The mechanism of heat and ROS generation was explained by MW network vector analysis,density of states(DOS),oxygen adsorption energy,differential charge and finite element(FEM)under MW irradiation.Since the Fermi layer was mainly contributed by the Mo-4d and C-2P orbitals,MoS2/CNTs could store a large amount of charge and easily release more electrons.In addition,charge accumulation and dissipation motion were strong on the surface of and inside MoS2/CNTs because of electromagnetic hot spots,resulting in the spilling out of a great deal of high-energy electrons.Due to the low oxygen adsorption energy of MoS2/CNTs-O2,these high-energy electrons combined further with the adsorbed oxygen to produce ROS.

Mn-doped Ti-based MOFs for magnetic resonance imaging-guided synergistic microwave thermal and microwave dynamic therapy of liver cancer

Currently,precise ablation of tumors without damaging the surrounding normal tissue is still an urgent problem for clinical microwave therapy of liver cancer.Herein,we synthesized Mn-doped Ti MOFs(Mn-Ti MOFs)nanosheets by in-situ doping method and applied them for microwave therapy.Infrared thermal imaging results indicate Mn-Ti MOFs can rapidly increase the temperature of normal saline,attributing to the porous structure improving microwave-induced ion collision frequency.Moreover,Mn-Ti MOFs show higher 1O2 output than Ti MOFs under 2 W of low-power microwave irradiation due to the narrower band-gap after Mn doping.At the same time,Mn endows the MOFs with a desirable T1 contrast of magnetic resonance imaging(r2/r1=2.315).Further,results on HepG2 tumor-bearing mice prove that microwave-triggered Mn-Ti MOFs nearly eradicate the tumors after 14 days of treatment.Our study offers a promising sensitizer for synergistic microwave thermal and microwave dynamic therapy of liver cancer.

Targeting nanoplatform synergistic glutathione depletion-enhanced chemodynamic,microwave dynamic,and selective-microwave thermal to treat lung cancer bone metastasis

Once bone metastasis occurs in lung cancer,the efficiency of treatment can be greatly reduced.Current mainstream treatments are focused on inhibiting cancer cell growth and preventing bone destruction.Microwave ablation(MWA)has been used to treat bone tumors.However,MWA may damage the surrounding normal tissues.Therefore,it could be beneficial to develop a nanocarrier combined with microwave to treat bone metastasis.Herein,a microwave-responsive nanoplatform(MgFe_(2)O_(4)@ZOL)was constructed.MgFe_(2)O_(4)ZOL NPs release the cargos of Fe^(3+),Mg^(2+)and zoledronic acid(ZOL)in the acidic tumor microenvironment(TME).Fe^(3+)can deplete intracellular glutathione(GSH)and catalyze H_(2)O_(2)to generate•OH,resulting in chemodynamic therapy(CDT).In addition,the microwave can significantly enhance the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),thereby enabling the effective implementation of microwave dynamic therapy(MDT).Moreover,Mg^(2+)and ZOL promote osteoblast differentiation.In addition,MgFe_(2)O_(4)ZOL NPs could target and selectively heat tumor tissue and enhance the effect of microwave thermal therapy(MTT).Both in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that synergistic targeting,GSH depletion-enhanced CDT,MDT,and selective MTT exhibited significant antitumor efficacy and bone repair.This multimodal combination therapy provides a promising strategy for the treatment of bone metastasis in lung cancer patients.

Analysis of a Cavity Used for Medical Purposes with the Dyadic Green's Functions and the Moment method

The structure of a microwave radiator used for medical purposes is described. The dyadic Green's function and the method are used to analyze this Kind of multimode rectangular medium-filled cavity. The distribution of electromagnetic field intensity and the power density,as well as the temperature effect in the biological sample load are obtained.OPtimization of the size of cavity and the position of the input aperture have been performed with the computer to optimize the uniformity or microwave effect and the input VSWR.Necessary experiments were performed to compare the data obtained with theoretical analysis.

Advances in non-surgical management of primary liver cancer

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. There have been great improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC in recent years, but the problems, including difficult diagnosis at early stage, quick progression, and poor prognosis remain unsolved. Surgical resection is the mainstay of the treatment for HCC. However, 70%-80% of HCC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage when most are ineligible for potentially curative therapies such as surgical resection and liver transplantation. In recent years, non-surgical management for unrespectable HCC, such as percutaneous ethanol injection, percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy, percutaneous radiofrequency ablation, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, biotherapy, and hormonal therapy have been developed. These therapeutic options, either alone or in combination, have been shown to control tumor growth, prolong survival time, and improve quality of life to some extent. This review covers the current status and progress of non-surgical management for HCC.

Defect-rich titanium nitride nanoparticle with high microwaveacoustic conversion efficiency for thermoacoustic imaging-guided deep tumor therapy

Pulse microwave excite thermoacoustic(TA)shockwave to destroy tumor cells in situ.This has promising applications for precise tumor therapy in deep tissue.Nanoparticle(NP)with high microwave-acoustic conversion is the key to enhance the efficiency of therapy.In this study,we firstly developed defect-rich titanium nitride nanoparticles(TiN NPs)for pulse microwave excited thermoacoustic(MTA)therapy.Due to a large number of local structural defects and charge carriers,TiN NPs exhibit excellent electromagnetic absorption through the dual mechanisms of dielectric loss and resistive loss.With pulsed microwave irradiation,it efficiently converts the microwave energy into shockwave via thermocavitation effect,achieving localized mechanical damage of mitochondria in the tumor cell and yielding a precise antitumor effect.In addition to the therapeutic function,the NP-mediated TA process also generates images that provide valuable information,including tumor size,shape,and location for treatment planning and monitoring.The experimental results showed that the TiN NPs could be efficiently accumulated in the tumor via intravenous infusion.With the deep tissue penetration characteristics of microwave,the proposed TiN-mediated MTA therapy effectively and precisely cures tumors in deep tissue without any detectable side effects.The results indicated that defect-rich TiN NPs are promising candidates for tumor therapy.