Neurotrophins and neural stem cells in posttraumatic brain injury repair

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is the main cause of disability,mental health disorder,and even death,with its incidence and social costs rising steadily.Although different treatment strategies have been developed and tested to mitigate neurological decline,a definitive cure for these conditions remains elusive.Studies have revealed that vari-ous neurotrophins represented by the brain-derived neurotrophic factor are the key regulators of neuroinflammation,apoptosis,blood-brain barrier permeability,neurite regeneration,and memory function.These factors are instrumental in alleviating neu-roinflammation and promoting neuroregeneration.In addition,neural stem cells(NSC)contribute to nerve repair through inherent neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties,the release of neurotrophins,the activation of endogenous NSCs,and in-tercellular signaling.Notably,innovative research proposals are emerging to combine BDNF and NSCs,enabling them to synergistically complement and promote each other in facilitating injury repair and improving neuron differentiation after TBI.In this review,we summarize the mechanism of neurotrophins in promoting neurogen-esis and restoring neural function after TBI,comprehensively explore the potential therapeutic effects of various neurotrophins in basic research on TBI,and investigate their interaction with NSCs.This endeavor aims to provide a valuable insight into the clinical treatment and transformation of neurotrophins in TBI,thereby promoting the progress of TBI therapeutics.

Emerging strategies for nerve repair and regeneration in ischemic stroke:neural stem cell therapy

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide,with limited treatment options available in clinical practice.The emergence of stem cell therapy has provided new hope to the field of stroke treatment via the restoration of brain neuron function.Exogenous neural stem cells are beneficial not only in cell replacement but also through the bystander effect.Neural stem cells regulate multiple physiological responses,including nerve repair,endogenous regeneration,immune function,and blood-brain barrier permeability,through the secretion of bioactive substances,including extracellular vesicles/exosomes.However,due to the complex microenvironment of ischemic cerebrovascular events and the low survival rate of neural stem cells following transplantation,limitations in the treatment effect remain unresolved.In this paper,we provide a detailed summary of the potential mechanisms of neural stem cell therapy for the treatment of ischemic stroke,review current neural stem cell therapeutic strategies and clinical trial results,and summarize the latest advancements in neural stem cell engineering to improve the survival rate of neural stem cells.We hope that this review could help provide insight into the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells and guide future scientific endeavors on neural stem cells.

Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 on neural differentiation of stem cells offer new hope for neurological disease treatment

Stem cell transplantation has brought new hope for the treatment of neurological diseases.The key to stem cell therapy lies in inducing the specific differentiation of stem cells into nerve cells.Because the differentiation of stem cells in vitro and in vivo is affected by multiple factors,the final differentiation outcome is strongly associated with the microenvironment in which the stem cells are located.Accordingly,the optimal microenvironment for inducing stem cell differentiation is a hot topic.EGb761 is extracted from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree.It is used worldwide and is becoming one of the focuses of stem cell research.Studies have shown that EGb761 can antagonize oxygen free radicals,stabilize cell membranes,promote neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,increase the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factors,and replicate the environment required during the differentiation of stem cells into nerve cells.This offers the possibility of using EGb761 to induce the differentiation of stem cells,facilitating stem cell transplantation.To provide a comprehensive reference for the future application of EGb761 in stem cell therapy,we reviewed studies investigating the influence of EGb761 on stem cells.These started with the composition and neuropharmacology of EGb761,and eventually led to the finding that EGb761 and some of its important components play important roles in the differentiation of stem cells and the protection of a beneficial microenvironment for stem cell transplantation.

Neural stem cells isolated from amyloid precursor proteinmutated mice for drug discovery

AIM: To develop an in vitro model based on neural stem cells derived from transgenic animals, to be used in the study of pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and for testing new molecules.METHODS: Neural stem cells(NSCs) were isolated from the subventricular zone of Wild type(Wt) and Tg2576 mice. Primary and secondary neurosphere generation was studied, analysing population doubling and the cell yield per animal. Secondary neurospheres were dissociated and plated on MCM Gel Cultrex 2D and after 6 d in vitro(DIVs) in mitogen withdrawal conditions,spontaneous differentiation was studied using specific neural markers(MAP2 and TuJ-1 for neurons, GFAP forastroglial cells and CNPase for oligodendrocytes). Gene expression pathways were analysed in secondary neurospheres, using the QIAGEN PCR array for neurogenesis, comparing the Tg2576 derived cell expression with the Wt cells. Proteins encoded by the altered genes were clustered using STRING web software.RESULTS: As revealed by 6E10 positive staining, all Tg2576 derived cells retain the expression of the human transgenic Amyloid Precursor Protein. Tg2576 derived primary neurospheres show a decrease in population doubling. Morphological analysis of differentiated NSCs reveals a decrease in MAP2- and an increase in GFAP-positive cells in Tg2576 derived cells. Analysing the branching of TuJ-1 positive cells, a clear decrease in neurite number and length is observed in Tg2576 cells.The gene expression neurogenesis pathway revealed11 altered genes in Tg2576 NSCs compared to Wt.CONCLUSION: Tg2576 NSCs represent an appropriate AD in vitro model resembling some cellular alterations observed in vivo, both as stem and differentiated cells.

Effects of glutamate and nimodipine on survival rate of embryonic rat neuronal stem cells cultured in vitro

BACKGROUND： At least three types of calcium ion channel （T, N, and L） have been recognized in nerve ceils, but only the L type of channel is sensitive to drugs. Theoretically, nimodipine can lead to L-type channel inactivation and prevent calcium ion inflow, thereby exhibiting protective effects on nerve cells. OBJECTIVE： To observe the protective effects of nimodipine on glutamate-induced injury to embryonic rat neural stem cells, and to make a comparison with MK-801, a nonselective glutamate receptor antagonist. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The present in vitro experiment pertaining to neural stem cells was performed at the Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Jilin University between January 2005 and December 2006. MATERIALS： Glutamate was sourced from the Shanghai Biological Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Nimodipine was provided by Bayer Company, Germany. Brain tissue was taken from Wistar rats on day 15 of gestation for isolation and culture of neural stem cells. METHODS： Passage 2 neural stem cell spheres were taken for preparation of single cell suspension. The prepared single cell suspension was divided into 4 groups： （1） Normal control, normally cultured. （2） Glutamate, cultured with 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1 000 μmol/L glutamate. （3） Nimodipine, received a 30- minute nimodipine [1×（10^-8-10^-2） g/L] culture followed by a glutamate （200 μmol/L） treatment step. （4） MK-801, given as 30- minute MK-801 （100 μmol/L） culture, followed by a glutamate （200 μmol/L） treatment step. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Determination of glutamate-induced cell death by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay; calculation of neural stem cell survival rate following addition of nimodipine. RESULTS： The survival rate of neural stem cells was approximately 25.26% following 24 hour 50 μmol/L glutamate culture and gradually decreased as the glutamate dose increased （P 〈 0.05 0.01）. Only 9.27% of neural stem cells survived when the glutamate dose was 1000 μmol/L. The survival rate of neural stern cells was significantly higher, in a dose-dependent manner, in the nimodipine [1×（10^-7-10^-2） g/L] group than in the glutamate group. In addition, the MK-801 group exhibited a higher survival rate after 24 hour treatment than the glutamate group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Glutamate （50-1 000 μmol/L） induces injury to neural stem cells dose-dependently. Nimodipine exhibits protective effects on injury to neural stem cells and presents the effects in a dose-dependent manner at 1 ×（10^-7-10^-2） g/L. Nimodipine displays neuroprotective effects equivalent to MK-801.

Protective effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell vein transplantation against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

BACKGROUND： The majority of studies addressing spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury （SCIRI） have focused on drugs, proteins, cytokines, and various surgical techniques. A recent study reports that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell （hUCMSC） transplantation achieves good therapeutic effects, but the mechanisms underlying nerve protection remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To observe survival of transplanted hUCMSCs in SCIRI rat models and the influence on motor function in the hind limbs, to determine interleukin-8 expression and cellular apoptosis in spinal cord tissues, and to verify the hypothesis that hUCMSC transplantation exhibits protective effects on SCIRI. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of the Department of Orthopedics in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China between January 2007 and December 2008. MATERIALS： hUCMSCs were harvested from umbilical cord blood of healthy pregnant women after parturition in the Obstetrical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China. Rabbit anti-human BrdU monoclonal antibody was provided by DAKO, USA. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） Kit and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） Kit were purchased by Wuhan Boster, China. METHODS： A total of 72 healthy, Wistar, adult rats were randomly assigned to three groups： sham-surgery, model, and transplantation, with 24 rats in each group. SCIRI was induced in the model and transplantation groups via the abdominal aorta block method. The infrarenal abdominal aorta was not blocked in the sham-surgery group. Prior to abdominal aorta occlusion, 0.2 03 mL bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU）-Iabeled hUCMSCs suspension （cell concentration 5 × 10 3/uL） was injected through the great saphenous vein of the hind limb, and an equal volume of physiological saline was administered to the model and sham-surgery groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Pathological observation of rat spinal cord tissues was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining at 6, 24, and 48 hours post-surgery. Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine hUCMSCs survival in the spinal cord. The amount of cellular apoptosis and interleukin-8 expression in spinal cord tissues was assayed utilizing the TUNEL and ELISA methods, respectively. Motor function in the hind limbs was evaluated according to Jacob＇s score. RESULTS： Numerous BrdU-positive cells were observed in spinal cord tissues from the transplantation group. The number of apoptotic cells and interleukin-8 levels significantly decreased in the transplantation group （P 〈 0.05）, pathological injury was significantly ameliorated, and motor function scores significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） compared with the model group. CONCLUSION： Via vein transplantation, hUCMSCs were shown to reach and survive in the injury area. Results suggested that the transplanted hUCMSCs contributed to significantly improved pathological changes in the injured spinal cord, as well as motor function, following SCIRI. The protective mechanism correlated with inhibition of cellular apoptosis and reduced production of inflammatory mediators.

Neural differentiation from pluripotent stem cells:The role of natural and synthetic extracellular matrix

Neural cells differentiated from pluripotent stem cells(PSCs), including both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, provide a powerful tool for drug screening, disease modeling and regenerative medicine. High-purity oligodendrocyte progenitor cells(OPCs) and neural progenitor cells(NPCs) have been derived from PSCs recently due to the advancements in understanding the developmental signaling pathways. Extracellular matrices(ECM) have been shown to play important roles in regulating the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neural cells. To improve the function and maturation of the derived neural cells from PSCs, understanding the effects of ECM over the course of neural differentiation of PSCs is critical. During neural differentiation of PSCs, the cells are sensitive to the properties of natural or synthetic ECMs, including biochemical composition, biomechanical properties, and structural/topographical features. This review summarizes recent advances in neural differentiation of humanPSCs into OPCs and NPCs, focusing on the role of ECM in modulating the composition and function of the differentiated cells. Especially, the importance of using three-dimensional ECM scaffolds to simulate the in vivo microenvironment for neural differentiation of PSCs is highlighted. Future perspectives including the immediate applications of PSC-derived neural cells in drug screening and disease modeling are also discussed.

Fetal bovine serum versus Chinese herbal formula Naoluoxintong serum supplementation for proliferation and differentiation of rat embryonic neural stem cells

BACKGROUND： How to induce endogenous neural stem cells （NSCs） to differentiate into needed neural cell types is a hot spot of current researches. OBJECTIVE： To compare differences between fetal bovine serum and Chinese herbal formula Naoluoxintong serum supplementation for inducing proliferation and differentiation in rat embryonic NSCs. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An in vitro, serum pharmacology, comparative, observation study was performed from March to September in 2008 at the Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, College of Life Science in University of Science and Technology of China, the Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Acupuncture Foundation and Technology in Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R ＆ D of Chinese Medicine, and at the Level 3 Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS： The Chinese herbal formula Naoluoxintong was produced by Radix Astragali, Radix Notoginseng, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Scolopendra at Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Mouse anti-rat nestin, gliat fibrillary acidic protein, and galactocerebroside monoclonal antibodies, as well as rabbit anti-neuron-specific enolase polyclonal antibody were produced by Chemicon, Billerica, MA, USA. METHODS： Wistar rats aged 3 months were intragastrically infused with Naoluoxintong. Wistar rat embryonic NSCs （passage 8） were induced to proliferate and differentiate using 10% fetal bovine serum, 10% Naoluoxintong serum, and 10% rat serum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Phenotypic changes in cultured cells were detected using phase contrast microscopy, and cell proliferation and differentiation were observed using immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS： Proliferation and differentiation of embryonic NSCs was induced by three different types of blood serum. Although the differentiation time course with Nao/uoxintongserum was later than with the other two methods, the differentiated cells were morphologically similar to mature neurons to a greater extent. CONCLUSION： Nao/uoxintong serum supplementation induced differentiation of NSCs into neuronal-like cells and stimulated neuronal maturation.

Current status and future prospects of stem cell therapy in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, pathologically characterized by the presence of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Current treatment approaches using drugs only alleviate the symptoms without curing the disease, which is a serious issue and influences the quality of life of the patients and their caregivers. In recent years, stem cell technology has provided new insights into the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Currently, the main sources of stem cells include neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology and general treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, and the current state of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. We also assess future challenges in the clinical application and drug development of stem cell transplantation as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.

Ruxolitinib add-on in corticosteroid-refractory graft-vs-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation:Results from a retrospective study on 38 Chinese patients

BACKGROUND Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Some patients have steroid-refractory(SR) GVHD.AIM To evaluate the effect and safety of ruxolitinib add-on in the treatment of patients with SR acute (a) and chronic (c) GVHD.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 38 patients administered ruxolitinib add-on to standard immunosuppressive therapy for SR-aGVHD or SR-cGVHD following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Ruxolitinib was administered5-10 mg/d depending on disease severity,patient status,and the use of antifungal drugs.Overall response rate,time to best response,malignancy relapse rate,infection rate,and treatment-related adverse events were assessed.RESULTS The analysis included 10 patients with SR-aGVHD (gradeⅢ/Ⅳ,n=9) and 28patients with SR-cGVHD (moderate/severe,n=24).For the SR-aGVHD and SRcGVHD groups,respectively:Median number of previous GVHD therapies was 2(range:1-3) and 2 (1-4);median follow-up was 2.5 (1.5-4) and 5 (1.5-10) mo;median time to best response was 1 (0.5-2.5) and 3 (1-9.5) mo;and overall response rate was 100%(complete response:80%) and 82.1%(complete response:10.7%) with a response observed in all GVHD-affected organs.The malignancy relapse rates for the SR-aGVHD and SR-cGVHD groups were 10.0%and 10.7%,respectively.Reactivation rates for cytomegalovirus,Epstein-Barr virus,and varicella-zoster virus,respectively,were 30.0%,10.0%,and 0%for the SR-aGVHD group and 0%,14.3%,and 7.1%for the SR-cGVHD group.CONCLUSION Ruxolitinib add-on was effective and safe as salvage therapy for SR-GVHD.

Near infrared light triggered nitric oxide releasing platform based on upconversion nanoparticles for synergistic therapy of cancer stem-like cells

Near infrared(NIR) light-driven nitric oxide(NO) release nano-platform based on upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs) and light sensitive NO precursor Roussin's black salt(RBS) was fabricated to generate NO upon 808 nm irradiation. The application of 808 nm laser as the excitation source could achieve better penetration depth and avoid overheating problem. The combination of UCNPs and RBS could realize the on-demand release of NO at desired time and location by simply controlling the output of NIR laser.Cellular uptake results showed that more nanoparticles were internalized in cancer stem-like cells(CSCs)rather than non-CSCs. Therefore, a synergistic cancer therapy strategy to eradicate both CSCs and nonCSCs simultaneously was developed. Traditional chemo-drug could inhibit non-CSCs but has low killing efficiency in CSCs. However, we found that the combination of NO and chemotherapy could efficiently inhibit CSCs in bulk cells, including inhibiting mammosphere formation ability, decreasing CD44^+/CD24^- subpopulation and reducing tumorigenic ability. The mechanism studies confirmed that NO could not only induce apoptosis but also increase drug sensitivity by declining drug efflux in CSCs. This UCNPsbased platform may provide a new combinatorial strategy of NO and chemotherapy to improve cancer treatment.

龟板对局灶性脑缺血后神经干细胞的作用

【目的】探讨补肾中药龟板对局灶性脑缺血后神经干细胞的作用。【方法】采用大脑中动脉线栓法造成局灶性脑缺血大鼠模型 ,应用免疫组织化学技术检测神经上皮干细胞蛋白 (Nestin)的表达 ,观察龟板对脑缺血后神经上皮干细胞蛋白的影响。【结果】龟板可降低神经病评分和增强脑缺血后Nestin表达。【结论】提示补肾中药龟板可减轻神经损伤症状和对局灶性脑缺血后神经干细胞有促进增殖作用。

脑络欣通和左归丸药物血清对体外培养的大鼠神经干细胞增殖分化的作用

目的探讨脑络欣通药物血清和左归丸药物血清对体外培养的大鼠胚胎神经干细胞(neural stem cell,NSC)增殖分化的作用。方法分别采用含10%脑络欣通药物血清和含10%左归丸药物血清的培养基培养大鼠胚胎NSC,观察其促增殖效应和诱导分化效应,应用相差显微镜和免疫荧光染色对其进行比较观察。结果脑络欣通药物血清和左归丸药物血清均可诱导绝大多数NSC分化成神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。此外,两者还能在一定程度上促进培养的NSC生长。前者诱导NSC分化的进程虽比后者要慢,但诱导NSC向神经元方向分化的比率较高,其分化的神经元在细胞形态学上与发育成熟的神经元更为接近;后者促进NSC生长的效应较为显著。结论脑络欣通和左归丸均能促进体外培养的NSC生长和分化,两者作用有一定差异;益气活血治法和补肾生髓治法对NSC进行诱导分化具有一定的可行性。

神经退行性或损伤性疾病防治的新视点——干细胞药物

干细胞药物是指可以通过调节生物体内干细胞的增殖与分化,来防治由于细胞缺失或损伤而引起疾病的一类治疗和预防药物。近年来发现:运用中药、生长因子和小分子化合物均可调节生物体内干细胞的增殖与分化;而神经系统退行性或损伤性疾病:包括帕金森病(PD)、阿尔采末病(AD)、亨廷顿病(HD)、药物滥用、抑郁症以及脑卒中等,均是由于神经细胞的缺失或损伤而引发的疾病。运用药物来调节自身神经干细胞的增殖与定向分化潜能,以重建受损的功能细胞,恢复其生物学功能,既解决了成体神经干细胞的来源困难和胚胎干细胞的伦理困惑问题,也避免了细胞移植的免疫排斥和手术后遗症问题。为细胞丢失或损伤性疾病的防治提供了崭新的视点和思路。

人参总皂甙诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化为心肌样细胞的实验研究

【目的】观察人参总皂甙(GS)对骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)分化为心肌样细胞的诱导作用。【方法】取成年SD大鼠骨髓细胞,采用密度梯度分离法与贴壁法结合获取MSCs,进行原代培养和克隆培养;采用流式细胞仪检测细胞表面抗原 CD34和CD44以鉴定该法所获细胞是否为MSCs;对传至第8代的MSCs进行分组诱导,分别为GS组(终末浓度为 250 mg／L)、5-氮胞苷(5-aza)组(终末浓度为10μmoL／L)、GS+5-aza组(终末浓度分别为250 mg／L、10μmol／L),每组再分 3个亚组,分别对MSCs进行24、48、72 h诱导,并设空白对照组;采用共聚焦荧光显微镜观察细胞数及阳性细胞数,计算心肌样细胞转化率;采用免疫组化法检测分化的心肌样细胞的特异性蛋白结蛋白(Desmin)和肌钙蛋白(cTnI),采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测诱导前后心肌细胞特征性基因α-心肌肌球蛋白重链(α-MHC)和β-心肌肌球蛋白重链(β- MHC)的表达。【结果】分离培养后的细胞生长密集,形态呈纺锤状,表面抗原鉴定为CD44表达阳性,表明所获细胞为 MSCs;经GS、5-aza诱导后,MSCs分化成类心肌细胞,3组的心肌样细胞转化率无显著性差异(分别为38％、35％、39％); 免疫组化和RT-PCR检测结果显示Desmin、cTnI和MHC表达均阳性,阳性细胞呈梭形和成纤维细胞样形态,表明MSCs在 GS体外诱导下已向心肌样细胞转化,并具有心肌样细胞的特性。【结论】GS可体外诱导MSCs分化为心肌样细胞,为细胞移植治疗心肌梗死提供了实验依据。

微波辐射对离体培养人神经干细胞增殖、分化及凋亡的影响

目的 探索微波辐射对神经干细胞增殖、分化及凋亡的影响 ,为微波辐射的生物学效应提供基础资料。方法 利用细胞培养、流式细胞仪和细胞凋亡检测等技术 ,观察了微波辐射对神经干细胞增殖率的影响 ;5 %胎牛血清诱导微波辐射后的神经干细胞分化 ,检测分化为神经元和胶质细胞比例及细胞凋亡情况 ,并观察了细胞的形态学变化。结果 微波辐射后神经干细胞的增殖率明显下降 ,细胞凋亡数明显增加 ,分化的神经元和胶质细胞的突起变短变粗、数量减少 ,但神经元和胶质细胞的分化比例未见明显变化。结论 微波辐射对神经干细胞有较大影响 。

丹酚酸B对糖氧剥夺损伤大鼠海马神经干细胞增殖、凋亡和分化的影响

背景:丹酚酸B具有改善神经损伤、促进神经发生的作用,但其对海马神经干细胞增殖、凋亡和分化的影响仍不清楚。目的:研究丹酚酸B对体外氧糖剥夺损伤大鼠海马神经干细胞增殖、凋亡及分化的影响。方法:取生长状态良好的新生SD大鼠海马神经干细胞,分6组培养:其中5组均于无糖培养基中在含有体积分数为1%O2、5%CO2和94%N2厌氧混合气体的培养箱中缺氧处理150 min,再分别加入0(对照),5,10,20,40 mg/L的丹酚酸B干预细胞,干预4 d后,MTT检测细胞增殖;干预48 h后,流式细胞术检测海马神经干细胞凋亡;干预5 d后,流式细胞术分析神经元特异性烯醇化酶和胶质纤维酸性蛋白阳性细胞的比例。以正常培养细胞为正常对照。结果与结论:(1)细胞增殖:与正常对照组比较,对照组神经元干细胞增殖能力明显降低(P<0.01);与对照组相比,丹酚酸B处理组神经干细胞增殖能力逐渐升高,以20,40 mg/L丹酚酸B干预组升高明显(P<0.01);(2)细胞凋亡:与正常对照组比较,对照组海马神经干细胞凋亡率明显升高(P<0.01);与对照组比较,丹酚酸B处理组神经干细胞凋亡率随着丹酚酸B质量浓度的增加而逐渐降低,以20,40 mg/L丹酚酸B干预组降低明显(P<0.01);(3)细胞分化:与正常对照组比较,对照组神经干细胞的胶质纤维酸性蛋白阳性细胞比例升高;与对照组比较,不同质量浓度丹酚酸B处理组神经干细胞的神经元特异性烯醇化酶阳性细胞比例升高,胶质纤维酸性蛋白阳性细胞比例下降;(4)结果表明:丹酚酸B可促进氧糖剥夺损伤大鼠海马神经干细胞的增殖,抑制其凋亡,诱导其向神经元分化。

通心络对大鼠胚胎神经干细胞增殖和分化的影响

目的探讨不同剂量通心络含药血清对大鼠胚胎神经干细胞增殖和分化的影响及其可能作用机制。方法自E12～14大鼠胚胎中分离、培养神经干细胞,添加不同剂量通心络含药血清干预,在干预后不同时段通过免疫荧光双标观察含药血清对大鼠胚胎神经干细胞增殖和分化的影响。结果大鼠胚胎神经干细胞经通心络含药血清干预后,Nestin(+)细胞比例先下降后回升,β-tubulin(+)细胞比例3d与7d时与对照组相比有显著性差异;7d时大剂量组β-tubulin(+)细胞比例与小剂量组相比有显著性差异。结论通心络可以促进大鼠胚胎神经干细胞的增殖及向神经元分化,大剂量组效应更明显及持久。

干细胞治疗神经系统疾病现状的思考:是希望还是炒作?

背景:干细胞研究已50年,干细胞体外分离、培养、纯化和鉴定技术已经相对成熟,干细胞替代治疗神经系统疾病已在临床开展,但在缺少统一应用规范的情况下不免出现一些负面报道和夸大宣传,面对这些很多医生、患者出现了迷惘。目的:探讨干细胞治疗神经系统疾病到底是希望?还是炒作?方法:通过①对人民日报近期发表的两篇影响较大的干细胞临床应用相关报道的思考。②结合作者自身多年开展干细胞治疗神经系统疾病的一些经验。③参考国内外一些研究文献等多条线索进行剖析。以"干细胞"、"动物模型"、"神经"等检索词变换组合检索万方数据库和Pubmed全文数据库1999年1月至2012年4月相关资料,获得文献阅读后进一步剔除。结果与结论:在动物实验方面,神经干细胞对于神经系统损伤及退行性变有一定治疗作用。在干细胞的临床应用研究方面,受到很多限制。面对阻力,一些国家已经从国家层面展开具有一定规模的临床试验,大多已进入临床Ⅱ、Ⅲ期。美国代表性产品Prochymal成为全球首个获准用于临床治疗人体疾病的干细胞药物。产业化的干细胞成品具有巨大的研究价值和应用前景。但在疗效不确切的情况下,暂不主张在临床上大规模推广应用,更不主张以盈利为目的、夸大其词的商业化宣传。

黄芪多糖对小鼠巨核系祖细胞的影响

用甲基纤维素半固体培养法，观察了黄芪多糖对小鼠骨髓巨核系祖细胞（ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ）生成的影响。结果显示，浓度２５ｍｇ／Ｌ的黄芪多糖在体外能刺能激小鼠ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ的生成；２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ和１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ的黄芪多糖连续注射３ｄ，小鼠ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ的生成量均明显高于对照组；对环磷酰胺（ＣＴＸ）引起的小鼠ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ生成下降，黄芪多糖无保护作用。提示黄芪多糖对小鼠ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ的生成有促进作用。