Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies canopy effects on deposition of air pollutants

Tree canopies influence atmospheric pollutant depositions depending on type,ecosystem characteristics,and local climatic conditions.This study investigated the impact of Pinus sylvestris L.and Picea abies(L.)H.Karst.,and a mixture of both,on the chemical composition of pre-cipitation.Three permanent plots within the ICP forest level Ⅱ monitoring network in Lithuania were selected to illustrate typical hemiboreal coniferous forests.The study analysed(1)the concentrations of NO_(2),NH_(3) and SO_(2) in the ambi-ent air;(2)the concentrations of SO_(4)^(2−),NO_(3)^(−),NH_(4)^(+),Na^(+),K^(+),Ca^(2+) and Cl^(-) in throughfall beneath canopies and in precipitation collected in an adjacent field,and(3)S and total N,Na^(+),K^(+),Ca^(2+)and Cl−depositions in throughfall and precipitation over 2006-2022.Results show a signifi-cant decrease in SO_(2) emissions in the ambient air;NO_(2) and NH_(3) emissions also decreased.The canopies reduced the acidity of throughfall,although they led to notably higher concentrations of SO_(4)^(2−),NO_(3)^(−),Na^(+),and particularly K^(+).During the study,low variability in NO_(3)^(-)deposition and a decrease in NH_(4)^(+)deposition occurred.Deposition loads increased by 20-30%when precipitation passed through the canopy.The cumulative deposition of S,Cl,Na,K,Ca,and N was greater under P.abies than under P.sylvestris.How-ever,K deposition in throughfall was considerably lower under P.sylvestris compared to the P.abies or mixed stand.Throughfall S depositions declined across all three coniferous plots.Overall,there was no specific effect of tree species on throughfall chemistry.

Hydrodynamic Cavitation Enhanced SR-Aops Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water:A Review

SR-AOP(sulfate radical advanced oxidation process)is a novel water treatment method able to eliminate refractory organic pollutants.Hydrodynamic cavitation(HC)is a novel green technology,that can effectively produce strong oxidizing sulfate radicals.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research advancements in these fields and a critical discussion of the principal factors influencing HC-enhanced SR-AOP and the mechanisms of synergistic degradation.Furthermore,some insights into the industrial application of HC/PS are also provided.Current research shows that this technology is feasible at the laboratory stage,but its application on larger scales requires further understanding and exploration.In this review,some attention is also paid to the design of the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor and the related operating parameters.

Bivariate Analysis of Pollutants Monthly Maxima in Mexico City Using Extreme Value Distributions and Copula

In the present work, we are interested in studying the joint distributions of pairs of the monthly maxima of the pollutants used by the environmental authorities in Mexico City to classify the air quality in the metropolitan area. In order to obtain the joint distributions a copula will be considered. Since we are analyzing the monthly maxima, the extreme value distributions of Weibull and Fréchet are taken into account. Using these two distributions as marginal distributions in the copula a Bayesian inference was made in order to estimate the parameters of both distributions and also the association parameters appearing in the copula model. The pollutants taken into account are ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter with diameters smaller than 10 and 2.5 microns obtained from the Mexico City monitoring network. The estimation was performed by taking samples of the parameters generated through a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm implemented using the software OpenBugs. Once the algorithm is implemented it is applied to the pairs of pollutants where one of the coordinates of the pair is ozone and the other varies on the set of the remaining pollutants. Depending on the pollutant and the region where they were collected, different results were obtained. Hence, in some cases we have that the best model is that where we have a Fréchet distribution as the marginal distribution for the measurements of both pollutants and in others the most suitable model is the one assuming a Fréchet for ozone and a Weibull for the other pollutant. Results show that, in the present case, the estimated association parameter is a good representation to the correlation parameters between the pair of pollutants analyzed. Additionally, it is a straightforward task to obtain these correlation parameters from the corresponding association parameters.

Impact of Air Pollutants on Lung Function and Inflammatory Response in Asthma in Shanghai

Objective Air pollution is a leading public health issue.This study investigated the effect of air quality and pollutants on pulmonary function and inflammation in patients with asthma in Shanghai.Methods The study monitored 27 asthma outpatients for a year,collecting data on weather,patient self-management[daily asthma diary,peak expiratory flow(PEF)monitoring,medication usage],spirometry and serum markers.To explore the potential mechanisms of any effects,asthmatic mice induced by ovalbumin(OVA)were exposed to PM_(2.5).Results Statistical and correlational analyses revealed that air pollutants have both acute and chronic effects on asthma.Acute exposure showed a correlation between PEF and levels of ozone(O_(3))and nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2)).Chronic exposure indicated that interleukin-5(IL-5)and interleukin-13(IL-13)levels correlated with PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)concentrations.In asthmatic mouse models,exposure to PM_(2.5)increased cytokine levels and worsened lung function.Additionally,PM_(2.5)exposure inhibited cell proliferation by blocking the NF-κB and ERK phosphorylation pathways.Conclusion Ambient air pollutants exacerbate asthma by worsening lung function and enhancing Th2-mediated inflammation.Specifically,PM_(2.5)significantly contributes to these adverse effects.Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which PM_(2.5)impacts asthma.

Response of warm season secondary pollutants to emissions and meteorology in the North China Plain region during 2018-2022

自2013年起中国空气质量虽改善,但华北平原(NCP)重污染仍存在且二次污染加剧,而人们对其成因和变化了解有限.本研究利用2018-2022年数据,借助CMAQ模型探讨此污染响应.结果显示,在2018-2022年间,PM_(2.5)浓度显著下降31%-37%,O_(3)和NO_(2)的年下降速率分别为1%和0.5%SIA和SOA也显著减少,每年分别减少9%和6%PM_(2.5)主要因排放减少而下降,而O_(3)则受气象影响而波动.硫酸盐和铵下降的主因是减排,而硝酸盐对气象变化敏感排放和气象变化对SOA的总体减少同样重要,但人为SOA对排放控制敏感生物SOA易受气象变化影响.研究强调了控制人为排放对缓解NCP地区夏季二次污染的重要性.

基于改进p-有效点法的多风电场共享储能联合参与一次调频的容量优化

以大规模多风电场接入电力系统的一次调频备用容量为研究对象,首先通过引入风电出力预测误差的概率分布描述系统的不确定性因素,考虑风储一次调频备用总成本最小为目标;然后建立基于机会约束规划的多风电场联合共享储能参与一次调频的容量优化模型;最后提出基于快速傅里叶变换快速求解联合变量概率分布的改进p-有效点法通过数学解析将机会约束规划从形式上转化为确定性规划,再通过Yalmip调用Cplex实现模型的快速求解。算例结果表明,所提模型和方法可有效提高风储调频效果和收益,且具有更高的求解效率。

亚油酸诱导植物乳杆菌p-8产生共轭亚油酸的蛋白组和类组蛋白乙酰化分析

研究亚油酸(linoleic acid,LA)诱导下植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)p-8的蛋白组和类组蛋白乙酰化水平差异,探究共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)产生的机制。结果表明,LA的最佳诱导质量浓度为1 mg/mL,在此质量浓度条件下,蛋白质组学分析发现,烯酰-酰基载体蛋白还原酶、酰基载体蛋白等脂肪酸合成的关键蛋白因子下调,脂肪酸合成下调,乙酰基转移酶水平上调。Western blot结合体外添加NaAc实验表明,乙酰辅酶A含量增加导致类组蛋白乙酰化水平提升。实时聚合酶链式反应检测显示,添加LA和NaAc使CLA相关酶、转录调控因子和Sigma因子的mRNA表达升高,CLA含量也提高。相关性分析得出,乙酰辅酶A与LA水合酶转录水平和CLA含量之间呈显著正相关,揭示乙酰辅酶A和乙酰基转移酶含量上调导致类组蛋白乙酰化加强而上调CLA合成。结果为分子改良或科学调控乳酸菌以提高CLA转化率奠定了基础。

具p-双调和算子的非局部椭圆方程Navier边值问题的广义解

利用变分方法和相应的临界点定理研究一类具有p-双调和算子的非局部椭圆方程Navier边值问题,在非线性项满足超线性条件时,得到了两个非平凡广义解的存在性定理.

健脾化瘀解毒法对结肠癌裸鼠模型癌及癌旁组织中AKT、mTOR、p-4EBP1表达的影响研究

目的研究健脾化瘀解毒法对结肠癌原位种植瘤癌及癌旁组织中蛋白激酶B(AKT)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)、磷酸化真核细胞起始因子4E结合蛋白1(p-4EBP1)表达的影响。方法建立裸鼠结肠癌模型,随机分为空白组、模型组、健脾益气组、化瘀解毒组、健脾化瘀解毒组、雷帕霉素组及5-氟尿嘧啶组,每组5只。干预各组4周后,检测各组癌组织与癌旁组织中AKT、mTOR、p-4EBP1的表达水平。结果与空白组比较,模型组癌组织与癌旁组织中AKT1、mTOR、p-4EBP1的表达均上调,差异有显著性(P<0.05),且AKT、mTOR、p-4EBP1的表达水平均为癌组织>癌旁组织>正常肠黏膜组织。与模型组比较,健脾化瘀解毒法能在一定程度上抑制结肠癌癌组织及癌旁组织中AKT、mTOR、p-4EBP1的表达水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);健脾益气法、化瘀解毒法均能下调癌组织与癌旁组织中AKT、mTOR、p-4EBP1蛋白,但其降低水平不如健脾化瘀解毒法。结论健脾化瘀解毒法能够降低AKT、mTOR、p-4EBP1蛋白的表达,健脾益气法与化瘀解毒法协同增效,以获得最佳疗效。

Assessment of Air Quality in Brazzaville: Measurement of Some Automobile Pollutants

Atmospheric pollution is currently a real public health problem because of its potentially harmful effects on the environment as well as on human health. Several studies conducted in America, Europe, Asia, and Africa have established a significant link between air pollution and cancer, infertility, cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity, and mortality. This study aims to measure some automotive pollutants (CO, CO2, NO2, and SO2) by a selective and colorimetric method using a measurement system on Dräger reagent tubes coupled to a Dräger Accuro sampling pump in order to do a quantitative assessment of air quality in the nine districts of Brazzaville. The results obtained during this study revealed high concentration levels of pollutants (CO, CO2, NO2, SO2), all above the standards recommended by the WHO. The results obtained during this study made it possible to categorise Brazzaville as a polluted city.

Molecular mechanisms and cellular process in signal transduction pathway related to air pollutants in obstructive lung diseases:A mini-review

Exposure to air pollutants such as PM_(10),PM_(2.5),PM_(0.1),O_(3),CO,NO2,and SO_(2),and biological pollutants are important factors causing the evolution and furtherance of obstructive lung diseases(OLD),including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Asthma is the most frequent chronic inflammatory airway disease,characterized by breathlessness,wheezing,chest tightness,and cough,together with the presence of exaggerated expiratory airflow fluctuation that varies over time.COPD is a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea,cough,expectoration,and/or exacerbations due to abnormalities of the airways and/or alveoli that cause persistent,often progressive,airflow obstruction.Understanding the molecular mechanisms and cellular processes based on the development of OLD on exposure to air pollutants will provide insights into the solution of pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment of these conditions.The molecular mechanisms and cellular process involved in signal transduction pathway plays a role in the binding of extracellular signaling molecules and ligands to receptors placed on the cell surface or on the inner side cell that trigger inflammation that occurs,especially when something important enters the cell to bring into a cascade response.This binding then alters the cell metabolism,shape,and gene expression in the airway.This review aimed to reveal the effect of air pollutants on the molecular mechanisms and cellular processes involved in the signal transduction pathways in OLD.

Effect of steam spraying on a sintering bed on sinter quality and the emission of flue gas pollutants

The technology for spraying a sintering bed and thus improving sinter quality indicators while reducing the emission of flue gas pollutants has recently become an important research topic.The impacts on sinter quality and emissions when spraying the sintering surface with different amounts and flow rates of steam were investigated in this study.The sinter quality indicators were most effectively improved by spraying 180 g of steam flow continuously at a rate of 0.02 m^(3)/min for 15 min after ignition for 8 min.The optimal effect on emission reduction was obtained by spraying 90 g of steam flow continuously at a rate of 0.01 m^(3)/min for 15 min after ignition for 8 min.

Efficient degradation of dye pollutants in wastewater via photocatalysis using a magnetic zinc oxide/graphene/iron oxide-based catalyst

In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept study of the enhancement of photocatalytic activity via a combined strategy of fabricating a visible-light responsive ternary heterostructure and improving overall photostability by incorporating magnetic zinc oxide/graphene/iron oxide (ZGF). A solvothermal approach was used to synthesize the catalyst. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopic, energy dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopic, vibrating sample magnetometric, and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the synthesized samples. The obtained optimal Zn(NO_(3))_(2) concentration, temperature, and heating duration were 0.10 mol/L, 600℃, and 1 h, respectively. The XRD pattern revealed the presence of peaks corresponding to zinc oxide, graphene, and iron oxide, indicating that the ZGF catalyst was effectively synthesized. Furthermore, when the developed ZGF was used for methylene blue dye degradation, the optimum irradiation time, dye concentration, catalyst dosage, irradiation intensity, and solution pH were 90 min, 10 mg/L, 0.03 g/L, 100 W, and 8.0, respectively. Therefore, the synthesized ZGF system could be used as a catalyst to degrade dyes in wastewater samples. This hybrid nanocomposite consisting of zinc oxide, graphene, and iron oxide could also be used as an effective photocatalytic degrader for various dye pollutants.

血清HMGA2、P-gp与老年进展性脑梗死患者预后相关研究

目的探讨血清高迁移率族蛋白A2(HMGA2)、P-糖蛋白(P-gp)在老年进展性脑梗死患者中的表达水平及其与预后的关系。方法收集2020年2月—2023年2月大连市中心医院神经内科收治老年进展性脑梗死患者67例为进展组,老年非进展性脑梗死患者79例为非进展组;进展组根据治疗后3个月神经功能恢复情况分为预后良好亚组(n=39,mRS评分0~2分)和预后不良亚组(n=28,mRS评分3~6分)。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清HMGA2、P-gp水平,Pearson积矩相关分析血清HMGA2、P-gp与NIHSS评分的关系,Logistic回归分析进展性脑梗死患者预后不良的影响因素,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估血清HMGA2、P-gp对预后不良的预测价值。结果进展组血清HMGA2、P-gp水平及NIHSS评分高于非进展组(t/P=13.672/<0.001,8.095/<0.001,8.226/<0.001)。进展性脑梗死患者血清HMGA2、P-gp与NIHSS评分均呈正相关(r/P=0.732/<0.001、0.708/<0.001);预后不良亚组患者年龄大于预后良好亚组,血清HMGA2、P-gp水平及NIHSS评分高于预后良好亚组(t/P=5.092/<0.001、5.103/<0.001、4.449/<0.001、2.357/0.021)。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,高龄和血清HMGA2、P-gp水平及NIHSS评分升高是进展性脑梗死患者预后不良独立危险因素[OR(95%CI)=1.429(1.093~1.869),1.288(1.082~1.533),1.586(1.161~2.165),1.483(1.120~1.963)];血清HMGA2、P-gp及二者联合预测进展性脑梗死患者预后不良的AUC分别为0.738、0.740、0.895,二者联合优于各自单独预测效能(Z/P=2.031/0.002、2.006/0.003)。结论血清HMGA2、P-gp在老年进展性脑梗死患者中异常升高,并与病情严重程度以及预后不良有关,早期联合检测两项指标可预测患者预后不良风险发生。

基于ERTEC200P-2芯片的PROFINET IO设备开发

工业通信技术是实现工业设备组网控制的有效方式,随着近些年以太网技术的发展,一种基于以太网的上层应用技术PROFINET快速发展起来,但是由于下层设备不具备高速的网络接口,需要将高速的通信协议中控制字和状态字转换为能被下层设备轻松解析的协议,进而将设备接入高速以太网。方案采用了ERTEC200P-2通信协议芯片进行外部以太网高速的数据交互,下层通过UART串行接口接入到变频器,该方案通过了试验验证,并且进行了现场验证,取得了良好的效果。

P-gp、GSTπ联合TOPOⅡα检测对三阴性乳腺癌新辅助化疗病理完全缓解的预测价值

目的分析P⁃糖蛋白(P⁃gp)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(GSTπ)联合拓扑异构酶Ⅱα(TOPOⅡα)检测对三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)患者新辅助化疗(NAC)病理完全缓解(pCR)的预测价值。方法本研究为一项回顾性、单中心、双盲法的试验,选取郑州大学第一附属医院自2020年3月至2022年10月,经纳入、排除标准共筛查135名TNBC患者作为研究对象,均为女性。采用SP免疫组化法检测P⁃gp、GSTπ、TOPOⅡα,分析TNBC患者NAC疗效,行单因素、多因素分析P⁃gp、GSTπ、TOPOⅡα表达与NAC pCR的关系,绘制ROC曲线分析P⁃gp、GSTπ、TOPOⅡα单一及联合检测对TNBC患者NAC pCR的预测价值。结果NAC后,cCR者47例(34.81%),cPR者72例(53.33%),SD者12例(8.90%),PD者4例(2.96%),总有效率88.14%;pCR者21例(15.55%)。经单因素分析,P⁃gp、GSTπ阳性表达pCR率低于P⁃gp、GSTπ阴性表达pCR率,TOPOⅡα阳性表达pCR率则高于阴性性表达pCR率,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。P⁃gp、GSTπ、TOPOⅡα表达与pCR具有显著相关性[OR(95%CI)分别为1.446(1.127~1.858)、1.640(1.304~2.063)、1.548(1.227~1.984),P<0.05]。P⁃gp、GSTπ、TOPOⅡα联合检测对NAC pCR灵敏度、特异度分别为90.73%、86.73%,AUC(95%CI)为0.813(0.743~0.908),均高于上述指标单一检测(P<0.05)。结论P⁃gp、GSTπ和TOPOⅡα表达与TNBC患者NAC pCR有一定关联,且通过联合上述指标检测NAC pCR有着较高预测价值,有利于帮助临床医生为TNBC患者进一步制定更合适的治疗策略。

基于P-糖蛋白信号通路研究龙血竭对大鼠失重空肠屏障损伤的保护机制

传统中药龙血竭在航天肠道损伤的防护中发挥重要作用,但其保护失重屏障损伤的作用机制尚不清楚.P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)是肠上皮细胞膜上的外排转运体,能够将毒素、有害菌等外排以维持肠屏障完整性.文中采用大鼠尾吊模型模拟微重力效应,灌胃给药龙血竭(Dragon’s Blood,DB)21d后,观察大鼠空肠组织形态、测定肠屏障通透性标志物质量浓度、检测P-gp与Wnt/β-Catenin信号通路相关蛋白的表达.结果表明,龙血竭可通过激活Wnt/β-Catenin信号通路促进空肠中P-gp基因及蛋白的表达,能够缓解模拟微重力效应下的大鼠空肠屏障损伤.研究结果或可为航天员在轨肠道损伤防护提供基础研究数据.

基于P-中心模型的城市轨道交通线网应急救援站选址研究

[目的]随着城市轨道交通线网的扩大,其系统风险变得更为复杂且不可控。为提高城市轨道交通系统的应急救援能力,需对线网内应急救援站的选址问题展开研究。[方法]将地铁覆盖区域按照城市道路环线进行分区限速,得到任意路径的速度矩阵,结合距离矩阵进行转换后得到时间矩阵。在此基础上,计算任意站点间基于时间的最短路径。考虑时间、救援关系、成本3个方面的约束条件,建立了以系统最大救援时间最小化为目标的P-中心选址模型。以武汉市城市轨道交通线网应急救援站选址为案例,应用该模型,并采用自适应遗传算法在MATLAB软件中进行编程求解,得出该线网应急救援站选址的最优方案。[结果及结论]与相似研究相比,该选址方案投入更少但效益更大,充分证明了所提的P-中心模型具有先进性。

Analysis of the Level of Pollutants in the ICS Location Area

The present study deals with the analysis of the level of pollution found in the area where the Chemical Industries of Senegal (ICS) is located. The results of various field surveys and physicochemical analyses show a high exposure of sulphur and phosphate. This study aims to define abatement strategies to reduce the effects of pollution in the area where ICS is located and mitigate the harmful impacts to the health of the population by creating a system to inform the population of the level of concentration of pollutants in the environment. This will allow the different targets to understand pollution, its manifestations and its effects on health and the environment, prevention, participation in the limitation of pollutant emissions and the formation of eco-citizens sensitive to the issue of environmental pollution of ICS.

对偶P-分解及偏序

文章应用对偶奇异值分解建立对偶复矩阵的P-分解,得到该分解的若干性质,应用该分解建立D-GL二元关系,并证明该二元关系是一类偏序。