PBMC(performance-based maintenance contracts)provides incentives and/or disincentives to the contractor to achieve desired outcomes or results.In other words,the concept of PBMC is to pay a contractor based on the act...PBMC(performance-based maintenance contracts)provides incentives and/or disincentives to the contractor to achieve desired outcomes or results.In other words,the concept of PBMC is to pay a contractor based on the actual results(performance or LOS(level of service)),not on the performed work.PBMC does not detail to the contractor how,when,or where to do the work.Instead,it specifies performance standards or targets for measurable outcomes and sometimes outputs.There are several benefits from implementing PBMC.Higher LOS,i.e.,better quality,potential reduction in agency costs and downsized maintenance workforce are among these benefits.Also,there are several challenges facing the implementation of PBMC.One of the most complex challenges that relates to both the agency and contractor,and in some cases to the public,is how to manage LOS in an objective manner and to demonstrate that policy goals and objectives regarding quality of life expectancy are achieved without any increase in the LCC(life cycle cost)of the assets.This challenge,along with many other challenges,can be addressed through the adoption of an AM(asset management)approach.AM approach facilitates the long-term planning based on the current and future conditions and desired LOS.In addition,AM provides the necessary tools to objectively monitor LOS,and hence the contractor performance,which will contribute to the success of the implementation of PBMC.展开更多
目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中转录因子ROG、GATA3和T-bet m RNA水平变化及意义。方法收集135例慢性乙型肝炎患者(轻度45例、中度42例、重度48例)和15例健康志愿者(正常对照组)的外周血,分离单个核细胞,提取总RNA,...目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中转录因子ROG、GATA3和T-bet m RNA水平变化及意义。方法收集135例慢性乙型肝炎患者(轻度45例、中度42例、重度48例)和15例健康志愿者(正常对照组)的外周血,分离单个核细胞,提取总RNA,用实时定量PCR的方法检测ROG、GATA3和T-bet m RNA水平。应用SPSS16.0软件进行统计分析。结果慢性乙型肝炎轻度、中度组和重度组患者外周血PBMCs中T-bet m RNA表达水平均明显高于健康对照组人群,组内比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。慢性乙型肝炎重度组患者外周血PBMCs中ROG m RNA表达水平明显高于健康对照组人群、轻度组和中度组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而轻度组、中度组患者和健康对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。慢性乙型肝炎中度组和重度组患者外周血PBMCs中GATA3 m RNA表达水平明显高于健康对照组人群和轻度组患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而轻度组和健康对照、中度组患者和重度组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。慢性乙型肝炎轻度、中度组和重度组患者T-bet/GATA3比值明显高于健康对照组人群,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);但3组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ROG表达水平与GATA3和T-bet/GATA3比值均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论 ROG、GATA3和T-bet在慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血PBMCs中表达水平上调,并参与疾病的发生和疾病进展。ROG在纠正和维持Th1/Th2的新平衡状态过程中起重要作用。展开更多
文摘PBMC(performance-based maintenance contracts)provides incentives and/or disincentives to the contractor to achieve desired outcomes or results.In other words,the concept of PBMC is to pay a contractor based on the actual results(performance or LOS(level of service)),not on the performed work.PBMC does not detail to the contractor how,when,or where to do the work.Instead,it specifies performance standards or targets for measurable outcomes and sometimes outputs.There are several benefits from implementing PBMC.Higher LOS,i.e.,better quality,potential reduction in agency costs and downsized maintenance workforce are among these benefits.Also,there are several challenges facing the implementation of PBMC.One of the most complex challenges that relates to both the agency and contractor,and in some cases to the public,is how to manage LOS in an objective manner and to demonstrate that policy goals and objectives regarding quality of life expectancy are achieved without any increase in the LCC(life cycle cost)of the assets.This challenge,along with many other challenges,can be addressed through the adoption of an AM(asset management)approach.AM approach facilitates the long-term planning based on the current and future conditions and desired LOS.In addition,AM provides the necessary tools to objectively monitor LOS,and hence the contractor performance,which will contribute to the success of the implementation of PBMC.
文摘目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中转录因子ROG、GATA3和T-bet m RNA水平变化及意义。方法收集135例慢性乙型肝炎患者(轻度45例、中度42例、重度48例)和15例健康志愿者(正常对照组)的外周血,分离单个核细胞,提取总RNA,用实时定量PCR的方法检测ROG、GATA3和T-bet m RNA水平。应用SPSS16.0软件进行统计分析。结果慢性乙型肝炎轻度、中度组和重度组患者外周血PBMCs中T-bet m RNA表达水平均明显高于健康对照组人群,组内比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。慢性乙型肝炎重度组患者外周血PBMCs中ROG m RNA表达水平明显高于健康对照组人群、轻度组和中度组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而轻度组、中度组患者和健康对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。慢性乙型肝炎中度组和重度组患者外周血PBMCs中GATA3 m RNA表达水平明显高于健康对照组人群和轻度组患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而轻度组和健康对照、中度组患者和重度组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。慢性乙型肝炎轻度、中度组和重度组患者T-bet/GATA3比值明显高于健康对照组人群,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);但3组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ROG表达水平与GATA3和T-bet/GATA3比值均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论 ROG、GATA3和T-bet在慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血PBMCs中表达水平上调,并参与疾病的发生和疾病进展。ROG在纠正和维持Th1/Th2的新平衡状态过程中起重要作用。
