基于PREMIS的数字文献资源权益描述实践研究

对数字文献资源的权益信息开展规范化、精细化、结构化描述与揭示,是图书馆数字资源权益管理的客观需求和发展趋势。在现有研究的基础上,探索和深化一种更加结构化、更能体现信息关联性的权益描述方法。基于PREMIS模型和PREMIS保存元数据字典(Version3.0)中的实体对象及实体关系,采用实体分析法,归纳出数字文献资源建设和服务活动中与权益相关的5个实体:操作、限制、义务、主体、对象。通过梳理实体间关系,构建面向数字文献资源权益的描述模型,并通过实践案例验证模型的合理性与可行性,该描述模型为实现数字文献资源权益的细粒度描述、深层次揭示和规范化管理提供基础。

PREMIS保存元数据体系分析

回顾PREM IS项目的发起背景和工作进展,在对PREM IS的基础———OCLC/RLG提出的保存元数据框架的基本理念和内容进行分析后,提出PREM IS构建核心保存元数据体系的新理念,对PREM IS的数据模型进行深入分析,并对数据模型中各实体的保存元数据进行详细阐述,最后总结PREM IS保存元数据的特点。

PREMIS保存元数据及其对我国的启示

简要介绍了PREMIS保存元数据项目,对PREMIS保存元数据的数据模型进行举例分析,并分析了PREMIS保存元数据在我国的研究现状和意义。

数字资源长期保存元数据:PREMIS以及和METS的结合使用

保存元数据在确保数字资源被长期获取方面扮演了重要的角色。本文介绍了保存元数据领域PREMIS和METS的相关背景、特点和结构,以及将PREMIS和METS相结合的保存元数据方案在数字资源长期保存方面的应用、存在问题以及解决方案的研究进展,并总结分析带给我们的启示。

New delay-dependent robust stability and stabilization for uncertain T-S fuzzy time-delay systems under imperfect premise matching

To alleviate the conservativeness of the stability criterion for Takagi-Sugeno （T-S） fuzzy time-delay systems, a new delay-dependent stability criterion was proposed by introducing a new augmented Lyapunov function with an additional triple-integral term, which was firstly u3ed to derive the stability criterion for T-S fuzzy time-delay systems. By the same approach, the robust stability issue for fuzzy time-delay systems with uncertain parameters was also considered. On the other hand, in order to enhance the design flexibility, a new design approach for uncertain fuzzy time-delay systems under imperfect premise matching was also proposed, which allows the fuzzy controller to employ different membership functions from the fuzzy time-delay model. By the numerical examples, the proposed stability conditions are less conservative in the sense of getting larger allowable time-delay and obtaining smaller feedback control gains. For instance, when the allowable time-delay increases from 7.3 s to 12 s for an uncertain T-S fuzzy control system with time-delay, the norm of the feedback gains decreases from （34.299 2, 38.560 3） to （10.073 3, 11.349 0）, respectively. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of the proposed design method was illustrated by the last example with the robustly stable curves of system state under the initial condition of x（0） = [3 -1].

Acoustic Characteristics Analysis of Industrial Premises with Process Equipment

Process equipment placing in industrial premises leads to essential change of room acoustic characteristics: mean length of sound rays’ free runs, reverberation time and mean absorption factor in a room. The changes influence distribution of the reflected sound energy in premise volume. Failure to take account of the given circumstance results in errors at definition of sound pressure levels and an estimation of efficiency of building-acoustic measures of noise abatement. In the paper the results of computer modeling of acoustic processes in premises with the process equipment are considered and influence of the equipment on a sound absorption indoors is analyzed. The computer simulation is carried out on the basis of the ray tracing method with taking into account rays’ energy distribution in a room. It is shown that such approach allows determining objectively the integral acoustic characteristics of industrial premises, takes into account influencing to them the room parameters, the presence and scattering characteristics of the equipment and makes more accurate the equations putting into engineering practice.

Stability analysis and controller design of T-S fuzzy systems with time-delay under imperfect premise matching

The issue of the stability and controller design of Takagi-Sugeno（T-S） fuzzy control systems with time-delay is investigated under imperfect premise matching when the T-S fuzzy time-delay model and fuzzy controller do not share the same membership functions.A new stability criterion which contains the information of membership functions is derived.The new stability criterion is less conservative,and enhances the design flexibility.Two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the conservativeness and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Assessment of Beef Quality Determinants in the Retailing Premises

This study explains how infrastructure and beef processing practices in beef retailing premises (BRPs) are useful for beef purchasing decision. In this respect, features and beef retailing practices were assessed against the questionability of beef that is retailed in least developing countries (LDCs). This assessment was carried out by testing the null hypothesis that hypothesizes that BRPs in Dar es Salaam and Mbeya cities do not comply with the FAO technical requirements. The retailed beef in many BRPs is compromised with the status of the infrastructural development, the situation that may result in the questionability of the consumed beef. The Likert based information regarding 22 beef quality impacting factors (BQIF) from BRPs in Dar es Salaam and Mbeya, respectively, was analyzed with respect to the gaps identified and beef retailing conceptual model. This study is important as it provides general picture in connection to the status of the assessed BQIF in BRPs for the cities in the least developing countries (LDCs). In this regard, the study has shown that the compliance of BRPs in the LDCs’ cities is too weak to meet the infrastructural technical requirements due to existence of more stringent provisions in the developed specifications. The study finally identified the local infrastructural beef quality determinants in LDCs’ BRPs as the gap to be bridged by other studies.

Order of Precedence Between Local Laws of Cities with Subordinate Districts and Regulations of Provincial Governments Clarifying Premises for Discussion Based on the Characteristics of Laws

The lack of descriptions regarding the order of precedence between the local laws of cities with subordinate districts and the regulations of provincial governments in Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China(Legislation Law) has led to two divergent views. One holds that "the local laws of cities with subordinate districts should take precedence over the regulations of provincial governments," while the other supports the exact opposite. This is a value judgment issue in legislation. To reach a solution, we need to clarify the premises based on the characteristics of the laws in question so that a basic common ground can be established for discussion. The first premise for traditional legislation is that a law should be based on experience as well as logic; the second is that the experience of authority subjects, plus the three aspects of logic should outweigh the experience of social subjects, plus the three aspects of logic. With respect to postmodern legislation, the first premise is that experience should override logic, and the second is that the experience of the authority subject should take precedence over that of social subject, with no requirements for logical consistency. Since Legislation Law fal s into the category of postmodern legislation, according to the premises, the argument that the local laws of cities with subordinate districts should take precedence enjoys wider acceptance, but the view is logically challenged in terms of conceptual consistency, system consistency and principle consistency. More studies must be conducted to facilitate the discussion.

宅基地使用权依托农房转让的制度沿革、司法裁判与实践创新

宅基地使用权依托农房转让的制度沿革经历了从允许到限制的转变,体现了政府政策的强制驱动和利益诱导的结合。宅基地使用权依托农房转让的司法裁判具有明显的被动性,农户在集体经济组织外部转让农房时,法院一般会认定该转让合同无效,但司法政策又为宅基地改革预留了政策空间,体现了原则性与灵活性的统一。在宅基地使用权依托农房转让的实践创新中,国家并没有直接废除宅基地使用权依托农房限制转让的既有路径,径行允许转让,而是秉持审慎原则,独辟蹊径。试点地区宅基地使用权依托农房转让下受让人范围拓展,与集体经营性建设用地入市衔接,与宅基地资格权退出耦合及与宅基地入股、合作打通,均体现了对宅基地使用权权能受限的克服。

户内供水管道特殊水力工况对微生物生长的影响

户内供水管道存在长时间滞留和间歇性用水的特殊工况,为此,以HZ市某小区内1100户的时用水量数据为背景条件,搭建户内非循环管道模拟平台,设置高变化流量(HIG)、中等变化流量(MED)、低变化流量(LOW)、恒定流量(SS)和滞留168 h(RET)5种水力工况,探究户内供水管道特殊水力工况对管道微生物群落结构和条件致病菌的影响。运行3个月后收集33组生物膜样品和水样,开展实时荧光定量(real time qPCR)和16S rRNA基因测序分析,对样本中铜绿假单胞菌的绝对丰度进行定量并分析微生物群落结构组成和多样性。结果表明:RET水样细菌总数最大,且生物膜中活菌比例最高;间歇式用水工况下水样中含条件致病菌的菌属数量和丰度更高;HIG生物膜中细菌总数最大且含条件致病菌的菌属相对丰度最高为78.38%,HIG生物膜中铜绿假单胞菌拷贝数为4798.81/cm^(2),是RET生物膜的7.59倍。RDA结果显示,浊度和pH分别是假单胞菌属和铜绿假单胞菌的主要环境影响因素。

面向前提选择的新型图约简表示与图神经网络模型

自动定理证明器在证明问题时其搜索空间通常会呈现爆炸式增长,前提选择为该问题提供了新的解决思路。针对现有前提选择方法中逻辑公式图、图神经网络模型难以捕捉到公式图潜在信息的问题,提出了一种基于删除重复量词的简化逻辑公式图表示和具有注意力机制的项游走图神经网络模型,充分利用逻辑公式的语法和语义信息提高前提选择问题的分类精度。首先,将一阶逻辑猜想和前提公式转化为基于删除重复量词的简化一阶逻辑公式图;其次,利用消息传递图神经网络对节点和节点的项游走特征信息进行聚合和更新,随后使用注意力机制为图上的节点分配权重,进而调整图节点嵌入信息;最后,将前提图向量和猜想图向量拼接并输入二元分类器中实现前提分类。实验结果表明,所提方法在MPTP数据集和CNF数据集上的准确率分别达到了88.61%和84.74%,超越现有最优的前提选择方法。

One-year survey of opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens and free-living amoebae in the tap-water of one northern city of China

In this study, qPCR was used to quantify opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens(OPPPs) and free-living amoebae in 11 tap water samples collected over four seasons from a city in northern China. Results demonstrated that the average numbers of gene copies of Legionella spp. and Mycobacterium spp. were significantly higher than those of Aeromonas spp.(p < 0.05). Legionella spp. and Mycobacterium spp. were 100%(44/44) positively detected while P. aeruginosa and Aeromonas spp. were 79.54%(35/44) and 77.27%(34/44) positively detected. Legionella pneumophila was only detected in 4 samples(4/44), demonstrating its occasional occurrence. No Mycobacterium avium or Naegleria fowleri was detected in any of the samples. The average gene copy numbers of target OPPPs were the highest in summer,suggesting seasonal prevalence of OPPPs. Average gene copy numbers of OPPPs in the taps of low-use-frequency were higher than in taps of high-use-frequency, but the difference was not significant for some OPPPs(p > 0.05). Moderate negative correlations between the chlorine concentration and the gene copy numbers of OPPPs were observed by Spearman analysis(rsranged from -0.311 to -0.710, p < 0.05). However, no significant correlations existed between OPPPs and AOC, BDOC, or turbidity. Moderate positive correlations were observed between the target microorganisms, especially for Acanthamoeba spp., through Spearman analysis(p < 0.05). Based on our studies, it is proposed that disinfectant concentration, season, taps with different-use frequency, OPPP species, and potential microbial correlations should be considered for control of OPPPs in tap water.

面向畜禽舍温度监测数据融合算法改进研究

在现代化大型智能畜禽养殖中,由于畜禽舍内温度分布不均匀、传感器采集数据效率低下等原因,无法全面、准确及时反映畜禽舍内温度变化情况。为提高畜禽养殖温度监测系统的性能,提出一种分层无线传感器网络(WSN)实时融合策略。该策略设计的无线传感器网络分为两层,首先将底层传感器采集的温度数据利用改进的无迹卡尔曼滤波器(IUKF)进行预处理,然后融合中心利用改进蜣螂算法优化核极限学习机(IDBO-KELM)对预处理后的数据进行实时融合。试验结果表明,在数据预处理方面改进的无迹卡尔曼滤波器能够有效抑制畜禽舍内噪声干扰,克服采集数据出现异常和发散现象;在多传感器数据融合方面本文建立的IDBO-KELM算法其训练集与测试集准确率分别是99.15%和98.12%,相较于原始算法准确率提升6.98%,数据融合用时3.36 s,保证禽畜舍内温度监测的效率和准确性,同时减少运算时间。

一阶逻辑中基于treelet图神经网络的前提选择

前提选择是解决自动定理证明器面对大规模问题时性能降低的有效方法。当前面向一阶逻辑中前提选择的主流图神经网络忽略了逻辑公式图内部的节点顺序信息。针对此问题,将一种面向高阶逻辑公式的保序方法拓展到一阶逻辑中,并提出了一种基于treelet的图神经网络模型。该模型在信息聚合时一部分聚合中心节点的父、子节点信息,另一部分聚合节点顺序信息。实验分析表明:基于treelet的图神经网络模型在前提选择任务中比最优的主流图神经网络模型的分类准确率提高了约2%。

“第二个结合”的逻辑前提、价值意蕴与未来进路

“第二个结合”是中国共产党对马克思主义中国化时代化发展历程的经验总结,标志着党对中华文明发展规律的认识达到新高度。通过探究二者之间价值立场的高度契合、哲学意蕴的共通共融、中国共产党的积极推动明晰了“第二个结合”的逻辑前提,从为文化辟新、为道路筑基、为人类担当这三个层面回答了“第二个结合”的价值意蕴。在未来的实践进路中推进“第二个结合”,必须明晰结合主体、激发文化活力、秉承开放包容,实现马克思主义中国化时代化新的飞跃。

劳动教育的前提澄清、现实审视与应然样态

劳动教育通常被列为全面发展教育的重要组成部分,这一理论前提有待澄清。首先需明确劳动是人的本质存在和发展动力,而教育能够生产劳动能力进而促进社会生产的发展,因此生产劳动同教育相结合是造就全面发展的人的唯一方法,只有从这一逻辑链条出发,劳动教育的统筹地位、与全面发展教育之间的关系才能得以成立。在劳动教育实践中存在一些实效性不强的问题,究其根本原因在于当前的学校劳动教育难以调动学生的主观能动性,表现在劳动教育的目的过度重视工具取向而忽视其本体论价值;劳动教育的内容和方法以体力劳动为主,忽视了体脑结合;劳动教育的实践环境以基础场所为主,脱离了大工业生产的劳动背景。因此,学校劳动教育应发挥其独特功能:一是从学理层面看,树立一种大劳动教育观;二是从政策角度看,始终注重对社会主义劳动者的培养;三是从现实需求看,综合考量体力劳动的现实占位与劳动教育的时代内涵。

问题导向式研究中的唯物史观具体化——以低欲望社会与倦怠社会观念群的反思为例

问题导向式研究的提出是为完整把握复杂性问题,解决学科式研究中可能存在的对问题的剪裁、切割和片面分析的弊端,因而是前学科和超学科的。要确保扬弃学科分工式研究是推进而非退行,需避免对研究对象作经验主义式的现象描述。当下如低欲望社会、倦怠社会、躺平等现象描述,皆指向某一特定时代精神的观念群,它们分别代表了网络传播、通俗读物、学术著作等领域中经验主义式对此类现象的描述。经验主义式的现象描述只能得出惯性的消极对策,期望偶然性事件破解困局。唯有在历史唯物主义视域中重新描述特定问题现象的产生过程,阐发观念主体及其观念活动的历史性,才能给出符合逻辑的发展道路说明和相应的破局对策。

清镇市房地一体调查工作探索和实践

为保证农民在房屋土地上的合法权益,促进乡村振兴工作,维护农村社会和谐稳定发展,全国各地陆续开展农村宅基地与集体建设用地使用权确权及房地一体调查登记工作。本文以清镇市房地一体调查工作为例,探讨了清镇市房地一体调查工作的技术路线和调查内容,并阐述了房地一体调查过程中的关键点,确保房地一体调查工作能够保质保量顺利完成。

平台经济中优势地位滥用说之质疑——兼评《反不正当竞争法》修订草案第13条

滥用相对优势地位条款被引入反不正当竞争法的目的之一便是规制平台中不公平交易问题,但争议颇大。优势地位说是反垄断法中支配地位说的降格,同时剥离结构分析的前提,看似加大对优势平台的监管,实则会导致条文滥用和经营风险,伤害市场秩序的可预期性。优势地位依赖于企业市场力量,网络平台基于渠道资源自然形成规模经济与优势地位,是发展的必然结果,而平台上经营者为逐利依附于平台属自愿行为。平台合法利用优势地位扩大盈利能力与交易效率并无不当,对违法利用优势地位的规制必须回到滥用支配地位的反垄断监管框架中。若期待对损害公平竞争的滥用行为进行直接监管,法律应直接予以类型化,而非新设一般性专条。