A Prediction Model of Peasants’ Income in China Based on BP Neural Network

According to the related data affecting the peasants’ income in China in the years 1978-2008,a total of 13 indices are selected,such as agricultural population,output value of primary industry,and rural employees.Based on the standardized method and BP neural network method,the peasants’ income and the artificial neural network model are established and analyzed.Results show that the simulation value agrees well with the real value;the neural network model with improved BP algorithm has high prediction accuracy,rapid convergence rate and good generalization ability.Finally,suggestions are put forward to increase the peasants’ income,such as promoting the process of urbanization,developing small and medium-sized enterprises in rural areas,encouraging intensive operation,and strengthening the rural infrastructure and agricultural science and technology input.

Impact of organophosphorous pesticide exposure on semen quality of Chinese peasants

Aim: To investigate the impact of organophosphorous pesticide exposure and other risk factors on the semen quality of Chinese peasants. Method: Questionnaire investigation, external genital examination and laboratory examination were conducted on 322 male peasants, including the exposed and the control groups of 161 subjects each. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that the educational level and the years of alcohol drinking influenced the semen volume. Compared with subjects of primary school education or lower, those with junior high school education had a higher semen volume (OR=1.961). Proportion of subjects with higher semen volume decreased with increased years of alcohol drinking (OR=0.962). Organophosphorous pesticide exposure decreased the number of forward progression sperm (OR=0.528), the sperm density (OR=0.266), the sperm viability (OR=0.398) and the percentage of normal morphology sperm (OR=0.281). A possible relationship was present between the season of semen collection and the number of forward progression sperm, sperm viability and percentage of normal morphology sperm. Compared with the summer data, the above three indices were higher in winter (OR being 2. 272, 4.060 and 5.249, respectively). Conclusion: Exposure to organophosphorous pesticide could damage the semen quality of the peasants. Education and alcohol drinking also affect the semen quality.

Strategies for Cultivating New Peasants Based on Modern Agricultural Development

Development of modern agriculture has higher and higher requirements on quality of peasants.This study,on the basis of connotations of modern agriculture,current situation and problems of Chinese peasants,and contradictions between modern agricultural development and peasants' quality,specifies requirements of modern agriculture on new peasants,proposes corresponding suggestions to promote the cultivation of new Chinese peasants.

Approaches of Realizing Cultural Value of Red Revolutionary Site in Jiangxi Province:A Case Study of Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in Xiushui County

Red revolutionary site is a significant carrier for inheriting and spreading red culture,a witness of revolutionary history and stones,and also the best place to show connotations and value of red culture.Taking the regiment headquarter and the division headquarter of the First Division of the First Army in Xiushui County,Jiangxi Province for example,this paper explored cultural value of red site,analyzed the existing problems,tried to figure out scientific approaches of realizing cultural value of red site,so as to promote the sharing and inheritance of cultural value of red revolutionary site.

Foreign Ducks Help Peasants to Shake Off Poverty

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Foreign Friends in China Two American "Peasants" in China

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Peasants and Alligators: A Love Story in China's Countryside

ＰｅａｓａｎｔｓａｎｄＡｌｌｉｇａｔｏｒｓ：ＡＬｏｖｅＳｔｏｒｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａ＇ｓＣｏｕｎｔｒｙｓｉｄｅ￥ＷＵＭＩＮＧ（ＩｎＹｉｎｊｉａｂｉａｎ，ａｓｍａｌｌｖｉｌｌａｇｅｏｎｔｈｅｌｏｗｅｒｒｅａｃｈｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＹａｎｇｔｚｅＲｉｖｅｒ，ｖｉｌｌ...

Different Characteristics of Peasant Issues from the Connections between Peasants and Land

The paper analyzes the different characteristics of peasant issues formed by connections between peasants and land at different historical stages,and offers a reference for us to look squarely at peasant issues in the reality.The characteristics of peasant issues with land as the inherent feature are:the degree of connection decides the classification and policies of peasants;the private ownership of land decides the political status and influences of peasants;the inherence of private connections with land determines the future of peasants.The characteristics of peasant issues with land as the core value are:the peasant issues with land as the core is the key to victory of new-democratic revolution;the peasant issues with land as the core is the basis of establishment of socialist system;the characteristics of peasant issues with land as the guarantee are:carriers of peasants interests change from unicity to diversity;peasants change from identity certification to vocational certification;the economic influence of peasants changes and penetrates from part to entirety.

Resilient Small Peasants:Historical Continuity and Modern Transformation——Vitality and Autonomous Responsibility of Small Peasants in China

The question of understanding and dealing with the small peasants(xiao nong)in the course of the transition from traditional agricultural society to modern industrial society is a significant theoretical and practical issue.Previous views emphasized the peasants’vulnerability and suggested that they would eventually be replaced by other business entities.Such proposals cannot explain the fact that it was traditional small peasants who created China’s agrarian civilization and that the small farming household based on the household contract responsibility system is still the main force in China’s agricultural modernization.Re-examining the historical position and vitality of the small peasants,we can see that despite being vulnerable,they are"fragile but unbreakable;weak but never slackening"in their interaction with the external environment under various pressures.Historically,this kind of resilience has been endogenous within the long-term autonomous responsibility mechanism of China’s small peasants,expressed in their reciprocal responsibility as a community of a shared future;in their sharing of burdens as a living community;in their internalization of responsibility as a community of production;and in their joint responsibility as a political community.After 1949,rural reform created conditions for the modern transformation of the resilient small peasant.Organization,socialization and state involvement have further enhanced the modern small peasants’resilience and developmental capacity,fueling the organic integration of small peasants and modern agriculture and driving the vigor of agricultural modernization.

Aesthetic Utopia,Revolution in Daily Life and Identity Construction of Peasant Paintings

Peasant painting is a kind of painting created by farmers as creative subject,bearing rich significance.According to the historical development of peasant painting in reality,the types of meaning it carried could be divided into three types in chronological order:political ideological significance,folk life significance,and creative fashion significance.These three types of meaning gave rise to three types of aesthetic utopia,namely political aesthetic utopia,folk aesthetic utopia and fashion aesthetic utopia.The three types of aesthetic utopia reflected three forms of negation and revolution of daily life.What the political aesthetic utopia resisted was the alienation force of material desire.What folk aesthetic utopia resisted was the desire for material and the binding of political ideology.The fashion aesthetic utopia opposed the relatively narrow localism.Through these three forms of resistance,the public also constructed three identities:the interpreter of their own aesthetic interpretation of political ideology,the interpreter of their own aesthetic interpretation of real life from perspective of local feelings,and the interpreter of their own aesthetic interpretation of real life from perspective of the relationship between themselves and the world.

“农民”贬义考

英、法、德语中表示农民的词peasant、paysan、Bauer都有“乡巴佬”、“土老冒”、“傻子”等歧视性的意义。而汉语“农民”在表达这种贬义的时候则要含蓄得多,要表达真正意义上的贬义,就需要动用新词“乡巴佬”。所有这些词语之所以带有贬义,跟人类历史的发展有关,工业化发展、城乡差别、工农差别是农民这个字眼带有贬义的根本原因。

Consideration on the Organization of Peasant Market Entry

In the process of agricultural commercialization, it is crucial to develop specialized co-operative organizations as well as to apply initiatives to protect agriculture by the government. Government should organize peasants to enter, adapt and influence the market Peasants should participate and affect policies, monitor the implementation of agricultural protection policy, and form self-protecting mechanism through co-operative organizations.

唐诗《悯农》与英诗A Peasant比较

中国自古以农立国,"农诗"必然成为中国古代诗歌的重要组成部分。李绅的《悯农》是"农诗"的重要代表,《悯农》题目昭显教诲意义;相对而言,伦奈特·司徒亚特·托马斯(Ronald Stuart Thomas)咏农佳作A Peasant的题目却非"开门见山"式。两诗都充满了对农人的赞美,但不同的时代背景、语言的差异、相异的深层哲学观显现出两诗各自的侧重。

The impact of land transfer on peasant stratification——An analysis based on a survey of Jingshan country,Hubei province

Peasants' motivation and purpose for transferring land vary from time to time. Based on a survey of 10 villages in Jingshan county, Hubei province, this article finds that the specific forms of rural land transfer include active long-term transfer, passive long-term transfer and short-term transfer. Land transfer has an important impact on the stratification of the peasantry. Present institutional arrangements for land ignore the legitimate interests of migrant families and poor and weak villagers and therefore they hold different attitudes toward land tenure institutions than middle peasants do. Based on the conclusions of an empirical analysis, this article puts forward a series of policy recommendations aimed at protecting the land rights of poor and weak peasant households.

Willingness of Rural Households in Mountainous Areas towards Land Transfer——A Case of Beiliang Village, Wuxiang County, Shanxi Province

In this paper, the Beiliang Village, Wuxiang County of Shanxi Province is chosen as the study object. The methods investigation and interview are applied. And then the status quo of land transfer is analyzed from the aspects of private land transfer, the form of land transference, the land transfer fee, the contracts of the land transfer and farmers' knowledge on land transfer law and so on. Through the investigation and research on peasant households' willingness towards land transfer and the factors that affect the land transfer, the willingness of farmers' land transfer in recent years are transferred. Farmers' land transfer willingness in recent years is clear. On the strength of the analysis, the scientific basis for the reasonable transfer of land in mountainous areas is put forward for optimizing the land distribution and promoting the sustainable and healthy development of rural economy. The countermeasures aim at accelerating land transfer, increasing farmers' income; stringing the development of rural education, increasing the support on three agricultural problems concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers, and standardizing the rural land transfer behaviors are put forwarded as well.

Peasant Household Oriented Land Circulation from the Perspective of State Governance

Based on the state governance background of peasant household oriented land circulation,I analyzed characteristics of peasant household oriented land circulation.The characteristics mainly include uncertain definition of rural land circulation,significant off-media feature of land circulation,long-term land circulation contract,farmers' preference of peasant household oriented land circulation,and progressive path of land circulation.The essential feature is the progressive mode of land circulation.Under the existing property right,it realizes the perfect combination of modern production factors and traditional agricultural,and the combination of traditional family safeguarding function and modern social mutual growth spirit.Thus,it shows relative independence and manifests the idea of common prosperity.The opportunity cost of peasant household oriented land circulation is minimal,institutional cost will increase circulation risk,and what's more,the cost for state governance of peasant household oriented land circulation is minimal.It comes to conclusion that building proper and harmonious land circulation mechanism is responsibility of central government and favorable for healthy development of peasant household oriented land circulation.

“农民”译作peasant还是farmer?

《翻译通讯》1981年第4期“是peasant,还是farmer”一文的作者说,他校一位加拿大籍专家指出:“peasant是一个很古老的字眼,在现代英语和说英语国家中早就不用了。在莎士比亚时代,peasant无田无地,社会地位低,生活很苦,说 rich peasant就好象说 rich beggar一样不合情理,……我建议用farmer这个词。”

文化翻译理论下的《悯农》(其二)农诗英译研究

农诗揭示了历朝历代中的农民劳作方式和生活状态,揭示了农业文化的发展,在弘扬民族文化,也包括农诗文化的传播。苏珊·巴斯奈特提出文化的翻译理论强调以文化为翻译单位、实现原文与译文文化功能上的对等。该文在苏珊·巴斯奈特的文化翻译理论的基础上,分析许渊冲和唐一鹤对农诗《悯农》(其二)英译特点,分析诗歌中的文化因素在两种语言文化的文化等值。