The characteristics of 48 rice varieties from Uttarakhand Himalaya, India were detected by morphological and biochemical markers. The grains of the selected rice varieties varied in their morphological (grain length,...The characteristics of 48 rice varieties from Uttarakhand Himalaya, India were detected by morphological and biochemical markers. The grains of the selected rice varieties varied in their morphological (grain length, grain width and grain weight) and biochemical characters (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE). Based on the presence of 70, 65, 60, 57, 37-39, 22-23, 13 and 10 kDa protein bands in the 48 rice varieties, seven types of profiles were identified. An unweighted pair group average method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram based on cluster analysis of genetic similarity of the protein bands showed two distinct groups with 1%-78% similarity coefficients. The presence of characteristic bands in selected varieties is a useful parameter for identification of rice germplasm.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONAlthough reliable assays for the detection ofhepatitis C virus and E virus became available, still10% 20% hepatitis are not caused byhepatitis A-E virus[1-3]. In 1996, two research groups isolatedthis agen...INTRODUCTIONAlthough reliable assays for the detection ofhepatitis C virus and E virus became available, still10% 20% hepatitis are not caused byhepatitis A-E virus[1-3]. In 1996, two research groups isolatedthis agent independently and almost simultaneouslyand named hepatitis G virus and GB virus C,respectively[4-7].展开更多
BACKGROUND: Isolated mycobacterium tuberculosis from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is regarded as the "gold standard" for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). However, culture of CSF specimens is time-consumi...BACKGROUND: Isolated mycobacterium tuberculosis from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is regarded as the "gold standard" for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). However, culture of CSF specimens is time-consuming and lacks sensitivity. There is a strong need to determine complementary disease-specific markers, which are essential for increasing early diagnosis and improving prognosis in patients with TBM OBJECTIVE: To establish proteomic profiles of CSF in TBM and normal children using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and to screen for disease-specific proteins. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The case-control study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and the Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Ministry of Public Health of China between January 2008 and January 2009. PARTICIPANTS: The TBM group included three patients with a strongly positive tuberculin skin test, as well as positive CSF mycobacterial staining and culture, who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital from January 2008 to January 2009. Three healthy, age- and gender-matched children served as the control group. METHODS: CSF proteins were separated using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in both groups. Gels were scanned using Image scanner and LabScan software. Differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using PDQuest 7.0 software. The clearly discernible spots, which were expressed only in the TBM group, were chosen to perform matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differentially expressed spots on CSF profiles of TBM and normal children were measured. RESULTS: Following comparison of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis maps between TBM and control groups, 546 and 533 spots were detected, respectively. A total of 64 differentially expressed proteins were observed between the groups, including 15 upregulated spots, eight downregulated spots, 27 spots that were exclusively expressed in the TBM group, and 14 spots that were exclusively expressed in the control group. At total of 20 spots that were exclusively expressed in the TBM group were chosen for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis, and 20 peptide mass fingerprints were obtained. After searching the data base, 16 proteins were matched. CONCLUSION: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles of the CSF proteome were successfully established in the TBM and normal children. Parts of these differentially expressed proteins were identified through mass spectrometry and bioinformatics. Results indicated that apolipoprotein A I, anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody, crystal structure of MRP14 and HLA class II histocompatibility antigen DRB1-4 could be closely correlated with TBM pathogenesis.展开更多
Objectives: To investigate the mutation of the basic core promoter (BCP) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and clarify the significance of HBV quasispecies groups in patients with chronic HBV infection. Methods: A set of spe...Objectives: To investigate the mutation of the basic core promoter (BCP) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and clarify the significance of HBV quasispecies groups in patients with chronic HBV infection. Methods: A set of specific primers was synthesized according to the HBV DNA sequence of a Chinese strain. The BCP was amplified by PCR method from the serum of 40 patients with chronic HBV infection, and the PCR products of 2 patients were subcloned into pGEM Teasy vectors. Polyacrylamide gel elec- trophoresis (PAGE) was employed to display the de- letion mutations, and clones with differential length were selected to be sequenced. Sequence comparison was made to find the difference. Results: Two or three bands were displayed by PAGE in 60% patients. The results of sequence anal- ysis showed that there are some kinds of mutations in the BCP region. The substitution always occurs in TATA-like boxes, especially from T to C on 140 site. The deletion mutations were detected in TA1, TA2 and TA3. The 8bp, 20bp deletion mutations fre- quently happened. Conclusions: There is a hot deletion region in the BCP. The deletion and the substitution in the TATA- like box may influence the expression of preC/C pro- tein. The sequencing results indicate that there are HBV quasispecies groups in patients with chronic HBV infection.展开更多
This study is first to investigate proteomic changes in sheep sperm induced by carbon ion radiation using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis in the project of breeding a new variety of sheep. Differenti...This study is first to investigate proteomic changes in sheep sperm induced by carbon ion radiation using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis in the project of breeding a new variety of sheep. Differential expression proteins were detected using the PDQuest 8.0 software after staining with Coomassie blue. Valid spots were then analyzed through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Among the 480 total protein spots displayed in 2-D gels, 6 specific protein spots were observed in sperm gels. A search against protein sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information databases (NCBI) indicated that differentially expressed proteins correspond to two proteins, identified to be enolase and transcription factor AP-2-alpha (TFAP-2c0. The two proteins were up-regulated in the irradiated sperm. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to identify proteomic changes induced by carbon ion radiation in sheep sperm. The analysis of differential expression protein may be useful in identifying new breeding markers in sheep reproduction and in clarifying the mechanisms involved in irradiation or space breeding.展开更多
A simplified method is presented for tryptic digestion of Coomassie brilliant blue(CBB)-stained proteins in polyacrylamide gels. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed method does not require a removal of th...A simplified method is presented for tryptic digestion of Coomassie brilliant blue(CBB)-stained proteins in polyacrylamide gels. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed method does not require a removal of the dye before digestion, and is thus faster and saves a lot of labor. The resulted digest can be analyzed by either RPLC/ESIMS or MALDI MS for identification of the protein in a conventional way. Model studies with bovine serum albumin(BSA) showed that 50 ng of the protein could be routinely identified. The simplified procedure displays a tendency to produce more incompletely cleaved peptides, which is favorable for improving the sequence coverage.展开更多
This study aimed to characterize the morphological changes in the ovary of the female crab Neptunus pelagicus and to identify specific fractions of vitelloginin and vitelline molecules during primary and secondary vit...This study aimed to characterize the morphological changes in the ovary of the female crab Neptunus pelagicus and to identify specific fractions of vitelloginin and vitelline molecules during primary and secondary vitellogenesis.Samples of the blue crab were collected from the Mediterranean Sea of Alexandria monthly during 2017.Ovaries and oocytes in primary and secondary vitellogenesis were detached and treated for histological test.Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE)Bis-Tris Gels was applied to identify vitelloginin(VN)and vitelline(VL)molecules.Protein Analyses were done by PAGE-SDS.The initial degenerate primers were built regarding the conserved amino acid domains of the yolk proteins.Primary and secondary vitellogeneses consisted of 8 phases.Lipoprotein fraction with molecular weight 550 kDa was identified in the hemolymph in secondary vitellogenesis.Two protein fractions(VLI&VLII)were identified in secondary vitellogenic oocytes.The electrophoresis performed with extract of stage I oocyte showed two protein fractions with molecular weights 550 kDa and 460 kDa.In stage II and III oocyte,4 subunits were presented of 180,195,140 and 120 kDa in VLI and 2 subunits with molecular weight of 110 kDa and 95 kDa in VLII.Another two fractions in stage V oocyte presented with molecular weights of 380 kDa and 360 kDa.Western blot analysis proved that both fractions were of four major polypeptide subunits with molecular weight of 180,125,90 and 85 kDa in each of the two VLs.The hybridization signal obtained by the Northern blot was detected in the hepatopancreas during ovarian cycle and in the ovary during secondary vitellogenesis.The result of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)analysis showed that the mRNA that encodes the C-terminal region of the VN cDNA was found in the ovary in secondary vitellogenesis and in the hepatopancreas.展开更多
The G-quadruplexes undergo complex folding and conformation exchanges.G-quadruplex stability is substantially influenced by sequence,bufer and temperature.Mutational analysis together with nuclear magnetic resonance s...The G-quadruplexes undergo complex folding and conformation exchanges.G-quadruplex stability is substantially influenced by sequence,bufer and temperature.Mutational analysis together with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR),X-ray crystallography and circular dichroism spectroscopy has been proved to be a powerful approach for G-quadruplex structural analysis.Herein,we used DNA sequence mutation and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the topology and conformations of a G-quadruplex model molecule Pu18 found in the human c-MYC promoter.The guanines(G6,G9 or G18)which were not contributable to G-tetrad formation in c-MYC Pu18 sequence were mutated to thymine or adenine.We screened the buffer and temperature of gel electrophoresis for Pu18.Gel electrophoresis showed that two of the four conformers of c-MYC Pu18 in 100 mM K+buffer were resolved,which was in accordance with the conformations as determined by the 1 H NMR spectra in previous studies.This technique is expected as a general methodology for its easy operation and low cost to facilitate uncovering more yet unidentified G-quadruplex folds and functions,with the assistance of other analytical methods like NMR,X-ray crystallography and circular dichroism spectroscopy.展开更多
[Objective] To obtain ovine oocytes 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) maps. [Method] Ovine oocytes were solubilized in lysis buffer, and protein concentrations were measured using the method of Bradford and R...[Objective] To obtain ovine oocytes 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) maps. [Method] Ovine oocytes were solubilized in lysis buffer, and protein concentrations were measured using the method of Bradford and Ramagli. Then the samples were subjected to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 2-DE maps of ovine oocytes were analyzed through PDQuest 8.0. [Resait] The Ramagli method could re- flect concentration of oocyte protein more actually and could optimize the quantity of samples to get a 2-DE map with higher quality. The protein concentration measured by the Bradford method was higher than its actual value. [Coclusion] Each 2-DE map loading 700 oocytes is more reasonable.展开更多
Antarctic ice microalgae Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L can survive and thrive in Antarctic sea ice.In this study,Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L could survive at the salinity of 132‰ NaCl.SDS-PAGE showed that the density of 2 bands...Antarctic ice microalgae Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L can survive and thrive in Antarctic sea ice.In this study,Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L could survive at the salinity of 132‰ NaCl.SDS-PAGE showed that the density of 2 bands(26 and 36 kD) decreased obviously at the salinity of 99‰ NaCl compared to at the salinity of 33‰ NaCl.The soluble proteins in Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L grown under salinity of 33‰ and 99% NaCl were compared by 2-D gel electrophoresis.After shocking with high salinity,8 protein spots were found to disappear,and the density of 28 protein spots decreased.In addition,19 protein spots were enhanced or induced,including one new peptide(51 kD).The changes of proteins might be correlated with the resistance for Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L to high salinity.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease which is associated with numerous serious health complications such as diabetic retinopathy, and is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in adults at the age of 20-...Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease which is associated with numerous serious health complications such as diabetic retinopathy, and is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in adults at the age of 20-74 years old. The aim of the study was to establish and optimize a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) technique for retina proteomics to improve the resolution and reproducibility, and to observe the proteomic changes of retinal tissues in diabetic and normal rats. Proteins were extracted from retinal tissues of normal and 8 weeks diabetic SD rats and used in two-dimensional electrophoresis. Various conditions of retina proteomic 2-DE were adjusted, optimized and protein spots of differential expression were obtained through analysis of 2-DE images with PDQuest software. By choosing appropriate sample amount, using pre-cast IPG dry strips (pH 5-8) and casting 12% equal gel, satisfactory 2-DE images of retina were obtained and a steady 2-DE technique was established. In this way, we found 36 spots in 2-DE gel of diabetic retinas that exhibited statistically significant variations, including up-regulation of 5 proteins in diabetic rat retinas, down-regulation of 23, and disappearance of 8, in comparison with normal tissues. The differences of protein expression were observed in retinas between diabetic and normal rats. Our established 2-DE technique of retina proteins could be effectively applied in proteomics of retina diseases. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2007;4(1):65-70.展开更多
A novel high-throughput system, called the stacked slice-gel system for separation and reactions (4SR), was developed for the analysis of DNA/RNA and protein/peptide. The system provides a novel three-dimensional ge...A novel high-throughput system, called the stacked slice-gel system for separation and reactions (4SR), was developed for the analysis of DNA/RNA and protein/peptide. The system provides a novel three-dimensional gel electrophoresis approach that exploits the property of stacked slice gels. It allows multiple samples simultaneously to react as well as to be separated, offering a two-dimensional (m×n) sample loading system. For this purpose, high-throughput multi-micro vessels (MMVs) containing variable numbers of wells (100 wells in this paper) have been used, which are made of 25 mm square-size polyacrylamide gels. Furthermore, after electrophoretic separation, a slice gel containing a desired sample can be easily removed and proceeded to the next step. Different biological reactions as well as successive separation of products were effectively carried out dealing with DNA/RNA and protein/peptide. It shows that this system has a diversity of potentials to be developed.展开更多
Antarctic ice microalga can survive and thrive in cold channels or pores in the Antarctic ice layer. In order to understand the adaptive mechanisms to low temperature, in the present study we compared two-dimensional ...Antarctic ice microalga can survive and thrive in cold channels or pores in the Antarctic ice layer. In order to understand the adaptive mechanisms to low temperature, in the present study we compared two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) profiles of normal and low temperature-stressed Antarctic ice microalga Chlamydomonas sp. cells. In addition, new protein spots induced by low temperature were identified with peptide mass fingerprinting based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and database searching. Well-resolved and reproducible 2-DE patterns of both normal and low temperature-stressed cells were acquired. A total of 626 spots was detected in control cells and 652 spots were detected in the corresponding low temperature-stressed cells. A total of 598 spots was matched between normal and stressed cells. Two newly synthesized proteins (a and b) in low temperature-stressed cells were characterized. Protein spot A (53 kDa, pl 6.0) was similar to isopropylmalate/homocitrate/citramalate synthases, which act in the transport and metabolism of amino acids. Protein spot b (25 kDa, pl 8.0) was related to glutathione S-transferase, which functions as a scavenger of active oxygen, free radicals, and noxious metabolites. The present study is valuable for the application of ice microalgae, establishing an ice microalga Chlamydomonas sp. proteome database, and screening molecular biomarkers for further studies.展开更多
We focused on elucidating the toxic effects of water-borne copper on the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii.After seven days of exposure to copper(Cu2+)at concentrations ranging from 0.01 mg L–1 to 0.5 ...We focused on elucidating the toxic effects of water-borne copper on the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii.After seven days of exposure to copper(Cu2+)at concentrations ranging from 0.01 mg L–1 to 0.5 mg L–1,three isozymes,malate dehydrogenase,alkaline phosphatase and esterase,were analyzed and compared using polyacrylamide electrophoresis(PAGE)and biochemical staining.The results indicated that the electrophoretic patterns of the isozymes showed a copper-concentration-related difference.Low doses of copper stimulated strong expression of the three isozymes.Electrophoretic patterns of malate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase gradually became weaker or even lost as the level of copper increased.In contrast,esterase patterns exhibited an increased molecular heterogeneity at higher copper concentrations.A transmission electron microscope was used to study ultrastructure differences in the gills and hepatopancreas of M.rosenbergii,and the results showed significant structural damage at increased levels of copper compared with the control group.The basement mem-branes and mitochondira in the gills were seriously damaged,the cuticle electron density distribution was not homogeneous,and an infolded basement membrane,circularized nucleus,disintegrated nuclear membrane,and decreased mitochondria number and size were observed in the gills.Similarly,flowing out of karyoplasms,partly falling microvilli,decreased mitochondrion,partly disappeared mitochondrial cristae,and a thinned matrix were observed in the hepatopancreas.These findings indicate that exposure to elevated copper levels might damage the ultrastructure of the gills and hepatopancreas of M.rosenbergii and might further weaken their normal physical activities.Isozymes were quite sensitive to environmental stress and changes in isozyme elctrophoretic patterns might be effective biomarkers of environmental contamination.展开更多
To study the genetic features(characteristics)of haptoglobin gene,four different age groups of Fujian Han people were investigated.The phenotypes of the hap-toglobin of four different groups were analyzed by using pol...To study the genetic features(characteristics)of haptoglobin gene,four different age groups of Fujian Han people were investigated.The phenotypes of the hap-toglobin of four different groups were analyzed by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.The frequency of Hp^(1) in the population of Fujian Han nationality accounted for 0.340,among which children,youths,middle aged and elder groups were 0.307,0.338,0.363 and 0.383,respect-ively.The Hp^(0-0)phenotype frequency was 0.026 in which the four age groups accounted for 0.032,0.046,0.014 and 0.014,respectively.The frequency of Hp^(1)gene is rising with increasing age.The frequency of Hp^(0-0)phenotype is highest in the middle aged group and then tends to drop with increasing age.展开更多
To develop an economical and feasible approach to probe protein complexes, differential centrifugation and three-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) were performed to separate protein complexes fro...To develop an economical and feasible approach to probe protein complexes, differential centrifugation and three-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) were performed to separate protein complexes from the cell lysate of human pancreatic cancer cell line, SW1990, followed by mass spectrometric identification. Four macromolecular protein complexes were separated and identified unambiguously.展开更多
Objective:To test three marine sponges Halichondria glabrata Keller,1891;Spirastrellapachyspira(S.pachyspira)Levi,1958 and Cliona lobata Hancock,1849 for the presence of the acetylcholinesterase(AChE)in both young and...Objective:To test three marine sponges Halichondria glabrata Keller,1891;Spirastrellapachyspira(S.pachyspira)Levi,1958 and Cliona lobata Hancock,1849 for the presence of the acetylcholinesterase(AChE)in both young and developed samples from western coastal area of India.S.pachyspira methanolic extract was selected for anti/pro angiogenic activity.Methods:They were evaluated for AChE activity using Ellman’s assay based on production of yellow colored 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoate.Purification of the enzyme was planned using ammonium sulphate precipitation and characterization by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Chorioallantoic membrane(ChAM)assay model was used for angiogenic/antiangiogenic testing.Results:All the three sponges showed good specific enzyme activity and S.pachyspira contained maximum specific enzyme activity.Sixty percent of ammonium sulphate precipitation of crude protein sample gave single band at 66 kDa corresponding to the true AChE.ChAM assay was performed at 62.5,125.0 and 250.0μg/mL.Dosage beyond 250μg/mL extract showed toxic response with anti angiogenic activity at all the concentrations.Conclusions:AChE activity was detected in all samples.Extract showed good anti-angiogenic response at 62.5μg/mL.Extract was highly toxic affecting microvasculature of ChAM as well as normal growth and development of the embryo at 500μg/mL.With further characterization of bioactive compounds from the extract of S.pachyspira,the compounds can be developed for anti tumor activity.展开更多
文摘The characteristics of 48 rice varieties from Uttarakhand Himalaya, India were detected by morphological and biochemical markers. The grains of the selected rice varieties varied in their morphological (grain length, grain width and grain weight) and biochemical characters (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE). Based on the presence of 70, 65, 60, 57, 37-39, 22-23, 13 and 10 kDa protein bands in the 48 rice varieties, seven types of profiles were identified. An unweighted pair group average method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram based on cluster analysis of genetic similarity of the protein bands showed two distinct groups with 1%-78% similarity coefficients. The presence of characteristic bands in selected varieties is a useful parameter for identification of rice germplasm.
基金Supported by the Neational Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 39825116, 39970394.
文摘INTRODUCTIONAlthough reliable assays for the detection ofhepatitis C virus and E virus became available, still10% 20% hepatitis are not caused byhepatitis A-E virus[1-3]. In 1996, two research groups isolatedthis agent independently and almost simultaneouslyand named hepatitis G virus and GB virus C,respectively[4-7].
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30901631the Scientific Research Foundation of Health Department of Hunan Province, No. B2007027
文摘BACKGROUND: Isolated mycobacterium tuberculosis from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is regarded as the "gold standard" for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). However, culture of CSF specimens is time-consuming and lacks sensitivity. There is a strong need to determine complementary disease-specific markers, which are essential for increasing early diagnosis and improving prognosis in patients with TBM OBJECTIVE: To establish proteomic profiles of CSF in TBM and normal children using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and to screen for disease-specific proteins. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The case-control study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and the Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Ministry of Public Health of China between January 2008 and January 2009. PARTICIPANTS: The TBM group included three patients with a strongly positive tuberculin skin test, as well as positive CSF mycobacterial staining and culture, who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital from January 2008 to January 2009. Three healthy, age- and gender-matched children served as the control group. METHODS: CSF proteins were separated using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in both groups. Gels were scanned using Image scanner and LabScan software. Differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using PDQuest 7.0 software. The clearly discernible spots, which were expressed only in the TBM group, were chosen to perform matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differentially expressed spots on CSF profiles of TBM and normal children were measured. RESULTS: Following comparison of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis maps between TBM and control groups, 546 and 533 spots were detected, respectively. A total of 64 differentially expressed proteins were observed between the groups, including 15 upregulated spots, eight downregulated spots, 27 spots that were exclusively expressed in the TBM group, and 14 spots that were exclusively expressed in the control group. At total of 20 spots that were exclusively expressed in the TBM group were chosen for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis, and 20 peptide mass fingerprints were obtained. After searching the data base, 16 proteins were matched. CONCLUSION: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles of the CSF proteome were successfully established in the TBM and normal children. Parts of these differentially expressed proteins were identified through mass spectrometry and bioinformatics. Results indicated that apolipoprotein A I, anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody, crystal structure of MRP14 and HLA class II histocompatibility antigen DRB1-4 could be closely correlated with TBM pathogenesis.
文摘Objectives: To investigate the mutation of the basic core promoter (BCP) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and clarify the significance of HBV quasispecies groups in patients with chronic HBV infection. Methods: A set of specific primers was synthesized according to the HBV DNA sequence of a Chinese strain. The BCP was amplified by PCR method from the serum of 40 patients with chronic HBV infection, and the PCR products of 2 patients were subcloned into pGEM Teasy vectors. Polyacrylamide gel elec- trophoresis (PAGE) was employed to display the de- letion mutations, and clones with differential length were selected to be sequenced. Sequence comparison was made to find the difference. Results: Two or three bands were displayed by PAGE in 60% patients. The results of sequence anal- ysis showed that there are some kinds of mutations in the BCP region. The substitution always occurs in TATA-like boxes, especially from T to C on 140 site. The deletion mutations were detected in TA1, TA2 and TA3. The 8bp, 20bp deletion mutations fre- quently happened. Conclusions: There is a hot deletion region in the BCP. The deletion and the substitution in the TATA- like box may influence the expression of preC/C pro- tein. The sequencing results indicate that there are HBV quasispecies groups in patients with chronic HBV infection.
基金supported by the Key Scientific Technology Research Projects of Gans u Province, China (1102NKDA022)the Major Program of Ministry of Agriculture to Cultivate New Varieties of Genetically ModifiedOrganisms of China (2008ZX08008-003)+1 种基金the National Basic Research Program of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China (2010CB834202)
文摘This study is first to investigate proteomic changes in sheep sperm induced by carbon ion radiation using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis in the project of breeding a new variety of sheep. Differential expression proteins were detected using the PDQuest 8.0 software after staining with Coomassie blue. Valid spots were then analyzed through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Among the 480 total protein spots displayed in 2-D gels, 6 specific protein spots were observed in sperm gels. A search against protein sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information databases (NCBI) indicated that differentially expressed proteins correspond to two proteins, identified to be enolase and transcription factor AP-2-alpha (TFAP-2c0. The two proteins were up-regulated in the irradiated sperm. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to identify proteomic changes induced by carbon ion radiation in sheep sperm. The analysis of differential expression protein may be useful in identifying new breeding markers in sheep reproduction and in clarifying the mechanisms involved in irradiation or space breeding.
基金Supported by the National BasicResearch Priorities Program me of China( No.0 0 1CB5 10 2 0 2),National High- TechProgramm e of China( No.2 0 0 1AA2 30 31)andShanghai Science and Technology Developing Program me( No.0 1JC14 0 11)
文摘A simplified method is presented for tryptic digestion of Coomassie brilliant blue(CBB)-stained proteins in polyacrylamide gels. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed method does not require a removal of the dye before digestion, and is thus faster and saves a lot of labor. The resulted digest can be analyzed by either RPLC/ESIMS or MALDI MS for identification of the protein in a conventional way. Model studies with bovine serum albumin(BSA) showed that 50 ng of the protein could be routinely identified. The simplified procedure displays a tendency to produce more incompletely cleaved peptides, which is favorable for improving the sequence coverage.
文摘This study aimed to characterize the morphological changes in the ovary of the female crab Neptunus pelagicus and to identify specific fractions of vitelloginin and vitelline molecules during primary and secondary vitellogenesis.Samples of the blue crab were collected from the Mediterranean Sea of Alexandria monthly during 2017.Ovaries and oocytes in primary and secondary vitellogenesis were detached and treated for histological test.Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE)Bis-Tris Gels was applied to identify vitelloginin(VN)and vitelline(VL)molecules.Protein Analyses were done by PAGE-SDS.The initial degenerate primers were built regarding the conserved amino acid domains of the yolk proteins.Primary and secondary vitellogeneses consisted of 8 phases.Lipoprotein fraction with molecular weight 550 kDa was identified in the hemolymph in secondary vitellogenesis.Two protein fractions(VLI&VLII)were identified in secondary vitellogenic oocytes.The electrophoresis performed with extract of stage I oocyte showed two protein fractions with molecular weights 550 kDa and 460 kDa.In stage II and III oocyte,4 subunits were presented of 180,195,140 and 120 kDa in VLI and 2 subunits with molecular weight of 110 kDa and 95 kDa in VLII.Another two fractions in stage V oocyte presented with molecular weights of 380 kDa and 360 kDa.Western blot analysis proved that both fractions were of four major polypeptide subunits with molecular weight of 180,125,90 and 85 kDa in each of the two VLs.The hybridization signal obtained by the Northern blot was detected in the hepatopancreas during ovarian cycle and in the ovary during secondary vitellogenesis.The result of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)analysis showed that the mRNA that encodes the C-terminal region of the VN cDNA was found in the ovary in secondary vitellogenesis and in the hepatopancreas.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21974111)Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology,China(cstc2018jcyjAX0482 and cstc2020jcyjmsxmX0947)Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees(cx2018088)
文摘The G-quadruplexes undergo complex folding and conformation exchanges.G-quadruplex stability is substantially influenced by sequence,bufer and temperature.Mutational analysis together with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR),X-ray crystallography and circular dichroism spectroscopy has been proved to be a powerful approach for G-quadruplex structural analysis.Herein,we used DNA sequence mutation and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate the topology and conformations of a G-quadruplex model molecule Pu18 found in the human c-MYC promoter.The guanines(G6,G9 or G18)which were not contributable to G-tetrad formation in c-MYC Pu18 sequence were mutated to thymine or adenine.We screened the buffer and temperature of gel electrophoresis for Pu18.Gel electrophoresis showed that two of the four conformers of c-MYC Pu18 in 100 mM K+buffer were resolved,which was in accordance with the conformations as determined by the 1 H NMR spectra in previous studies.This technique is expected as a general methodology for its easy operation and low cost to facilitate uncovering more yet unidentified G-quadruplex folds and functions,with the assistance of other analytical methods like NMR,X-ray crystallography and circular dichroism spectroscopy.
基金funded by the International S&T Cooperation Program of China (2005DFA30720)
文摘[Objective] To obtain ovine oocytes 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) maps. [Method] Ovine oocytes were solubilized in lysis buffer, and protein concentrations were measured using the method of Bradford and Ramagli. Then the samples were subjected to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 2-DE maps of ovine oocytes were analyzed through PDQuest 8.0. [Resait] The Ramagli method could re- flect concentration of oocyte protein more actually and could optimize the quantity of samples to get a 2-DE map with higher quality. The protein concentration measured by the Bradford method was higher than its actual value. [Coclusion] Each 2-DE map loading 700 oocytes is more reasonable.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40876107No.40876102)Marine Science Foundation for Young Scientists of the State Oceanic Administration(2010122)
文摘Antarctic ice microalgae Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L can survive and thrive in Antarctic sea ice.In this study,Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L could survive at the salinity of 132‰ NaCl.SDS-PAGE showed that the density of 2 bands(26 and 36 kD) decreased obviously at the salinity of 99‰ NaCl compared to at the salinity of 33‰ NaCl.The soluble proteins in Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L grown under salinity of 33‰ and 99% NaCl were compared by 2-D gel electrophoresis.After shocking with high salinity,8 protein spots were found to disappear,and the density of 28 protein spots decreased.In addition,19 protein spots were enhanced or induced,including one new peptide(51 kD).The changes of proteins might be correlated with the resistance for Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L to high salinity.
文摘Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease which is associated with numerous serious health complications such as diabetic retinopathy, and is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in adults at the age of 20-74 years old. The aim of the study was to establish and optimize a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) technique for retina proteomics to improve the resolution and reproducibility, and to observe the proteomic changes of retinal tissues in diabetic and normal rats. Proteins were extracted from retinal tissues of normal and 8 weeks diabetic SD rats and used in two-dimensional electrophoresis. Various conditions of retina proteomic 2-DE were adjusted, optimized and protein spots of differential expression were obtained through analysis of 2-DE images with PDQuest software. By choosing appropriate sample amount, using pre-cast IPG dry strips (pH 5-8) and casting 12% equal gel, satisfactory 2-DE images of retina were obtained and a steady 2-DE technique was established. In this way, we found 36 spots in 2-DE gel of diabetic retinas that exhibited statistically significant variations, including up-regulation of 5 proteins in diabetic rat retinas, down-regulation of 23, and disappearance of 8, in comparison with normal tissues. The differences of protein expression were observed in retinas between diabetic and normal rats. Our established 2-DE technique of retina proteins could be effectively applied in proteomics of retina diseases. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2007;4(1):65-70.
文摘A novel high-throughput system, called the stacked slice-gel system for separation and reactions (4SR), was developed for the analysis of DNA/RNA and protein/peptide. The system provides a novel three-dimensional gel electrophoresis approach that exploits the property of stacked slice gels. It allows multiple samples simultaneously to react as well as to be separated, offering a two-dimensional (m×n) sample loading system. For this purpose, high-throughput multi-micro vessels (MMVs) containing variable numbers of wells (100 wells in this paper) have been used, which are made of 25 mm square-size polyacrylamide gels. Furthermore, after electrophoretic separation, a slice gel containing a desired sample can be easily removed and proceeded to the next step. Different biological reactions as well as successive separation of products were effectively carried out dealing with DNA/RNA and protein/peptide. It shows that this system has a diversity of potentials to be developed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40406003)
文摘Antarctic ice microalga can survive and thrive in cold channels or pores in the Antarctic ice layer. In order to understand the adaptive mechanisms to low temperature, in the present study we compared two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) profiles of normal and low temperature-stressed Antarctic ice microalga Chlamydomonas sp. cells. In addition, new protein spots induced by low temperature were identified with peptide mass fingerprinting based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and database searching. Well-resolved and reproducible 2-DE patterns of both normal and low temperature-stressed cells were acquired. A total of 626 spots was detected in control cells and 652 spots were detected in the corresponding low temperature-stressed cells. A total of 598 spots was matched between normal and stressed cells. Two newly synthesized proteins (a and b) in low temperature-stressed cells were characterized. Protein spot A (53 kDa, pl 6.0) was similar to isopropylmalate/homocitrate/citramalate synthases, which act in the transport and metabolism of amino acids. Protein spot b (25 kDa, pl 8.0) was related to glutathione S-transferase, which functions as a scavenger of active oxygen, free radicals, and noxious metabolites. The present study is valuable for the application of ice microalgae, establishing an ice microalga Chlamydomonas sp. proteome database, and screening molecular biomarkers for further studies.
基金supported by the Ministry of Personnel(Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,2004,Project No.2-105053)the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences for Chief Scientists(Project No.1-105011)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Department of Shanghai(Project No.07DZ12038)the Cultivation Fund of The Key Scientific and Technical Innovation Innovation Project,the Ministry of Education of China under contract(Project No.704023).
文摘We focused on elucidating the toxic effects of water-borne copper on the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii.After seven days of exposure to copper(Cu2+)at concentrations ranging from 0.01 mg L–1 to 0.5 mg L–1,three isozymes,malate dehydrogenase,alkaline phosphatase and esterase,were analyzed and compared using polyacrylamide electrophoresis(PAGE)and biochemical staining.The results indicated that the electrophoretic patterns of the isozymes showed a copper-concentration-related difference.Low doses of copper stimulated strong expression of the three isozymes.Electrophoretic patterns of malate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase gradually became weaker or even lost as the level of copper increased.In contrast,esterase patterns exhibited an increased molecular heterogeneity at higher copper concentrations.A transmission electron microscope was used to study ultrastructure differences in the gills and hepatopancreas of M.rosenbergii,and the results showed significant structural damage at increased levels of copper compared with the control group.The basement mem-branes and mitochondira in the gills were seriously damaged,the cuticle electron density distribution was not homogeneous,and an infolded basement membrane,circularized nucleus,disintegrated nuclear membrane,and decreased mitochondria number and size were observed in the gills.Similarly,flowing out of karyoplasms,partly falling microvilli,decreased mitochondrion,partly disappeared mitochondrial cristae,and a thinned matrix were observed in the hepatopancreas.These findings indicate that exposure to elevated copper levels might damage the ultrastructure of the gills and hepatopancreas of M.rosenbergii and might further weaken their normal physical activities.Isozymes were quite sensitive to environmental stress and changes in isozyme elctrophoretic patterns might be effective biomarkers of environmental contamination.
基金This project was supported by the Science Foundation of Fujian Medical University(FJGXT04033).
文摘To study the genetic features(characteristics)of haptoglobin gene,four different age groups of Fujian Han people were investigated.The phenotypes of the hap-toglobin of four different groups were analyzed by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.The frequency of Hp^(1) in the population of Fujian Han nationality accounted for 0.340,among which children,youths,middle aged and elder groups were 0.307,0.338,0.363 and 0.383,respect-ively.The Hp^(0-0)phenotype frequency was 0.026 in which the four age groups accounted for 0.032,0.046,0.014 and 0.014,respectively.The frequency of Hp^(1)gene is rising with increasing age.The frequency of Hp^(0-0)phenotype is highest in the middle aged group and then tends to drop with increasing age.
基金Project supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (863 Program, No. 2006AA02Z154) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21075 137).
文摘To develop an economical and feasible approach to probe protein complexes, differential centrifugation and three-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) were performed to separate protein complexes from the cell lysate of human pancreatic cancer cell line, SW1990, followed by mass spectrometric identification. Four macromolecular protein complexes were separated and identified unambiguously.
文摘Objective:To test three marine sponges Halichondria glabrata Keller,1891;Spirastrellapachyspira(S.pachyspira)Levi,1958 and Cliona lobata Hancock,1849 for the presence of the acetylcholinesterase(AChE)in both young and developed samples from western coastal area of India.S.pachyspira methanolic extract was selected for anti/pro angiogenic activity.Methods:They were evaluated for AChE activity using Ellman’s assay based on production of yellow colored 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoate.Purification of the enzyme was planned using ammonium sulphate precipitation and characterization by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Chorioallantoic membrane(ChAM)assay model was used for angiogenic/antiangiogenic testing.Results:All the three sponges showed good specific enzyme activity and S.pachyspira contained maximum specific enzyme activity.Sixty percent of ammonium sulphate precipitation of crude protein sample gave single band at 66 kDa corresponding to the true AChE.ChAM assay was performed at 62.5,125.0 and 250.0μg/mL.Dosage beyond 250μg/mL extract showed toxic response with anti angiogenic activity at all the concentrations.Conclusions:AChE activity was detected in all samples.Extract showed good anti-angiogenic response at 62.5μg/mL.Extract was highly toxic affecting microvasculature of ChAM as well as normal growth and development of the embryo at 500μg/mL.With further characterization of bioactive compounds from the extract of S.pachyspira,the compounds can be developed for anti tumor activity.