Preparation and Characterization of Potassium Monopersulfate/Ethyl Cellulose Microcapsules and Their Sustained Release Performance

Environmental cleaning is an important aspect of bacteria control.Ethyl cellulose microcapsules containing potassium monopersulfate(PMCM)were prepared by emulsified solvent diffusion method.The chemical structure and microstructure of the obtained PMCM was characterized by methods of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and X-ACT energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.The SEM micrographs of the PMCM containing 21.6%of C,46.8%of O,10.7%of S and 19.4%of K was relatively smooth.Thermal stability,sustained release performance,and antimicrobial activity of PMCM were investigated.The results showed that the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of PMCM were 30.3%and 42.6%respectively.Potassium monopersulfate was fully released after 8 h,following a Fickian diffusion mechanism.Results showed that the microcapsules prepared with a high concentration of potassium monopersulfate solution showed a good antimicrobial effect.The microcapsule wall of the resulting PMCM increased with increasing ethyl cellulose content and had high thermal stability from the data of 69%residue rate.The excellent thermal stability and high sustained release performance of PMCM showed high application value.

Effect of Potassium on Ammonium Fixation and Adsorption of Vermiculite in Binary and Ternary Systems

Ammonium fixation and adsorption experiments were conducted to study the effect of potassium on ammonium fixation into interlayer of vermiculite and ammonium adsorption at the surface of vermiculite both in the binary (NH-4～(+)-Ca～(2+)) and ternary (NH-4～(+)-K～(+)-Ca～(2+)) systems. In the ammonium fixation experiment, 5 mmol NH-4～(+) kg～(-1) was added alone, or after, before or simultaneously with 5 mmol K～(+) kg～(-1) to the vermiculite (vermiculite:solution = 1:1), and the incubation was conducted for 3 days under constant 20℃. In the adsorption experiment, after addition of 10 mmol Ca～(2+) L～(-1) as matrix ions, either NH-4～(+) alone with a concentration series from 0.1 to 5.0 mmol NH-4～(+) L～(-1) (binary exchange system of NH-4～(+) and Ca～(2+) or NH-4～(+) together with 5 mmol K～(+) L～(-1) (ternary exchange system of NH-4 ～(+), K～(+) and Ca～(2+) was added to vermiculite at a vermiculite to solution ratio of l:10 for 24-h equilibrium. The results of the fixation experiment showed that the presence of K～(+) increased NH-4～(+) fixation for all the treatments, regardless of the addition orders. For ammonium adsorption a linear relationship between activity ratios of NH-4～(+) to Ca～(2+) and Mg～(2+) in the equilibrium solutions (ARNH-4) and increases of exchangeable NH-4～(+) at the surface of vermiculite after 24- h equilibrium (△Ex-NH-4) was shown for almost the whole concentration ranges tested. Compared with the binary system, the slope of the curve of the ternary system was steeper, indicating a more intensive adsorption of NH-4～(+) in the presence of K～(+). It was demonstrated that K ～(+) did not reduce the ammounium fixation into the interlayer and ammonium adsororption at the surface of vermiculite, which indicated that, under the experimental conditions of this study, K～(+) did neither occupy the sites for NH-4～(+)-fixation in the interlayer nor the sites for NH-4～(+)-adsorption at the surface of vermiculite.

Development and bioequivalence study of potassium chloride extended release tablets

The purposes of this study are to prepare the generic extended release tablet of potassiumchloride(PC) 600 mg and to compare the absorption of potassium ion from the experimen-tal tablets to that of Kaleorid? LP 600 mg(Leo Pharmaceutical Products, Denmark). Car-nauba wax was used as retardant in the matrix core tablets. The core tablets were coatedwith blends of ethyl cellulose(EC) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose(HPMC) to modulatethe drug release. Results of a selective two-level, three-factor experiment design revealedthat a blend of 41.75% of EC and 58.25% of HPMC at 4.5% weight gained could produce thecoated tablets having dissolution profiles similar to those of Kaleorid?. A two-treatment,two-period, two-sequence crossover bioequivalence study was carried out on 24 healthyvolunteers to compare the absorption of potassium ion from experimental tablets to thatfrom Kaleorid?. The potassium ion in the urine was measured by a selective electrode of theADVIA 1650 system(Bayer) and used to calculate cumulative urinary excretion and urinaryexcretion rate. Results of 90 percent confidence interval analysis showed that the limits fornatural log-transformed cumulative urinary potassium excretion(Ln Ae 0-24) of test productwere in the range of 3.73–3.79 mEq, corresponding to 99.08%–100.92% of Kaleorid ?, respec-tively, and the limits for natural log-transformed maximal potassium excretion rate( R max) oftest product were in the range of 1.72–1.82 mEq/h, corresponding to 97.34%–102.66% of refer-ence product, respectively. Both of them fell within the bioequivalence interval(80%–125%)of reference product, proving that experimental product is bioequivalent to Kaleorid ?.

Potassium Fractions in Soils as Affected by Monocalcium Phosphate,Ammonium Sulfate,and Potassium Chloride Application

Soil potassium (K) deficiency has been increasing over recent decades as a result of higher inputs of N and P fertilizers concomitant with lower inputs of K fertilizers in China; however, the effects of interactions between N, P, and K of fertilizers on K status in soils have not been thoroughly investigated for optimizing N, P, and K fertilizer use effciency. The influence of ammonium sulfate (AS), monocalcium phosphate (MCP), and potassium chloride application on K fractions in three typical soils of China was evaluated during 90-d laboratory soil incubation. The presence of AS significantly altered the distribution of native and added K in soils, while addition of MCP did not significantly affected K equilibrium in most cases. Addition of AS significantly increased water-soluble K (WSK), decreased exchangeable K (EK) in almost all the soils except the paddy soil that contained considerable amounts of 2:1 type clay minerals with K added, retarded the formation of fixed K in the soils with K added, and suppressed the release of fixed K in the three soils without K added. These interactions might be expected to influence the K availability to plants when the soil was fertilized with AS. To improve K fertilizer use effciency, whether combined application of AS and K was to be recommended or avoided should depend on K status of the soil, soil properties, and cropping systems.

Preferential Fixation of Ammonium to Potassium by Soils

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Preliminary Analyses of Controlled Release of Potassium Permanganate Encapsulated in Polycaprolactone

Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) has been used widely as an oxidant for remediation of contaminated soil and water systems. The present study evaluates the release of this oxidant from Polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer as part of a patented controlled release process (CRP) to be applied for targeted removal of contaminants from water. KMnO4 was encapsulated into PCL at a 1:5 oxidant to polymer ratio and placed in batch reactor systems with reagent water to be evaluated over a 96 hour period. SEM images showed that over time, the number of cavities and their sizes increased on the waxy surface of the PCL polymer. The experimental data from the release of KMnO4 from PCL was found to fit non-Fickian diffusion model after dissolution (R2 = 0.93) similar to other systems that describe the dispersal of other oxidants from wax matrices. In addition, the model parameters for data of this present study were also found to be comparable to previous release studies with the same oxidant encapsulated in different wax matrices at similar ratios. Overall, the similarity of release data between the diversity of polymers shows that the controlled release biodegradable polymer utilizing PCL provides effective release of the KMnO4 with the added benefit biodegradable nature of PCL.

Impact of Biomechanical Forces on Antibiotics Release Kinetics from Hydroxyapatite Coated Surgical Fixation Pins

This work investigates the impact of biomechanical wear and abrasion on the antibiotic release profiles of hydroxyapatite (HA) coated fixation pins during their insertion into synthetic bone. Stainless steel fixation pins are coated with crystalline TiO2 by cathodic arc evaporation forming the bioactive layer for biomimetic deposition of Tobramycin containing HA. Tobramycin is either introduced by co-precipitation during HA formation or by adsorption-loading after HA deposition. The samples containing antibiotics are inserted into bone mimicking polyethylene foam after which the drug release is monitored using high performance liquid chromatography. This analysis shows that HA coating wear and delamination significantly decrease the amount of drug released during initial burst, but only marginally influence the sustained release period. Spalled coating fragments are found to remain within the synthetic bone material structure. The presence of HA within this structure supports the assumption that the local release of Tobramycin is not only expected to eliminate bacteria growth directly at the pin interface but as well at some distance from the implant. Furthermore, no negative effect of gamma sterilization could be observed on the drug release profile. Overall, the observed results demonstrate the feasibility of a multifunctional implant coating that is simultaneously able to locally deliver clinically relevant doses of antibiotics and an HA coating capable of promoting osteoconduction. This is a potentially promising step toward orthopaedic devices that combine good fixation with the ability to treat and prevent post-surgical infections.

Treatment of Resistant Clubfoot with Soft Tissue Release and Alkhooly External Fixator

After the first research with this technique done by the first author, ten operations on the foot and ankle were performed on five patients (two boys and three girls) suffering from severe club foot deformity all with bilateral foot affection. Their ages ranged from five to fourteen years. All of them were treated by soft tissue release, skin flap (rotational flap), supplemented with Alkhooly external fixator. The follow up period ranged from two to seven years. The results according to Mittal (1987) [1] were excellent in eight feet (80%) and good in two feet (20%).

Mechanism of Fixation of Ozone and Its Medical Value

Because of both ozone gas and ozone solution are instable which limits the application of ozone, to solve the storage problem, it is necessary to find a kind ofideal ozone carrier which can combine ozone as an ＂ozonic compound＂ in which the bond strength between ozone and carrier should not be too high or too low, to appropriately release ozone from the ozonic compound. Combining Criegee’s three-step reaction mechanism of ozone and olefins, the charge, covalent bond levels and energy levels of ozone, ethylene, butadiene and their ozonic compounds were calculated by the first-principles calculation method based on density functional theory methods. The stability of the ozonide, or the bond strength between ozone and ions of carrier were controlled felicitously to release ozone from the ozonide with proper velocity. Ozone antimicrobial was composed on the above principle. It can be used conveniently, especially for common families.

Comparison of Release Efficiencies for the Controlled-Release of Potassium Permanganate in Polycaprolactone

The application of controlled release materials in tandem with chemical oxidants has become an emerging topic within the field of environmental treatment. The controlled release kinetic and mechanistic relationship between these components is important to understand a controlled release system. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was used as the encapsulated material integrated into polycaprolactone (PCL) producing controlled release biodegradable polymer (CRBP) pellets. In this study, batch experiments were used to examine the release kinetics from the discharge of the pelletized encapsulated oxidant into aqueous systems at various KMnO4:PCL ratios of 1:5, 2:5, and 3:5 by mass. Experimental results indicated as the amount of KMnO4 in the PCL polymer pellets increased, a greater fraction of the oxidant was released as a function of time. The resultant data best fit a linearized diffusion model equation. Additionally, a comparison-controlled release study was conducted that contained the same oxidant at similar mass ratios. Release kinetics determined from this study could lead to effective implementation of CRBP systems and could suggest that CRBP encapsulated with KMnO4 could serve as a promising controlled release technology in a long-term and controlled manner.

Low risk of postoperative ulnar nerve affection in surgically treated distal humeral fractures when the nerve is released in situ

BACKGROUND Adult distal humeral fractures(DHF)comprise 2%-5%of all fractures and 30%of all elbow fractures.Treatment of DHF may be technically demanding due to fracture complexity and proximity of neurovascular structures.Open reduction and internal fixation(ORIF)are often the treatment of choice,but arthroplasty is considered in case of severe comminution or in elderly patients with poor bone quality.Ulnar nerve affection following surgical treatment of distal humerus fractures is a well-recognized complication.AIM To report the risk of ulnar nerve affection after surgery for acute DHFs.METHODS We retrospectively identified 239 consecutive adult patients with acute DHFs who underwent surgery with ORIF,elbow hemiarthroplasty(EHA)or total elbow arthroplasty(TEA)between January 2011 and December 2019.In all cases,the ulnar nerve was released in situ without anterior transposition.We used our institutional database to review patients’medical records for demographics,fracture morphology,type of surgery and ulnar nerve affection immediately;records were reviewed after surgery and at 2 wk and 12 wk of routine clinical outpatient follow-up.Twenty-nine percent patients were excluded due to pre-or postoperative conditions.Final follow-up examination was a telephone interview in which ulnar nerve affection was reported according to the McGowen Classification Score.A total of 210 patients were eligible for interview,but 13 patients declined participation and 17 patients failed to respond.Thus,180 patients were included.RESULTS Mean age at surgery was 64 years(range 18-88 years);121(67.3%)patients were women;59(32.7%)were men.According to the AO/OTA classification system,we recorded 47 patients with type A3,55 patients with type B and 78 patients with type C fractures.According to the McGowen Classification Score,mild ulnar nerve affection was reported in nine patients;severe affection,in two.A total of 69 patients were treated with ORIF of whom three had mild temporary ulnar nerve affection and one had severe ulnar nerve affection.In all,111 patients were treated with arthroplasty(67 EHA,44 TEA)of whom seven had mild ulnar nerve affection and one had severe persistent ulnar nerve affection.No further treatment was provided.CONCLUSION The risk of ulnar nerve affection after surgical treatment for acute DHF is low when the ulnar nerve is released in situ without nerve transposition,independently of the treatment provided.

钼碚砂氨浸过程中钾的释放行为与控制研究

低钾钼产品在电子、医疗等领域具有广泛的应用前景,而氨浸对低钾钼产品的生产具有十分重要的影响。为了更好地控制氨浸过程中钾的释放量以减少后续工艺中的降钾压力,通过对钼焙砂氨浸过程中的释钾影响因素进行了单因素模拟实验,分析了钾元素的释放规律,并给出了其动力学模型和控制方法。结果表明,温度、固液比、钼焙砂粒度等对钾元素的释放具有较大的影响,最佳的氨浸条件为:温度30℃、固液比1∶3,钼焙砂粒径范围150~178μm,氨水浓度20%。此外,Ca元素更利于氨浸过程除钾,而Na元素不利于氨浸过程除钾。熟石灰对水洗除钾有一定作用,碳酸钠对水洗除钾的效果并不明显,故在钼焙砂水洗过程中加入熟石灰有利于低钾钼酸铵的生产。钼焙砂氨浸过程前期释钾速度较快,后期速度变慢,得到Avrami方程可以较好地模拟氨浸前期和后期的释钾过程,确定了氨浸过程的动力学方程。

后路寰枢椎侧块关节间松解与后路螺钉复位固定及植骨融合治疗寰枢椎脱位

背景:寰枢椎脱位常通过椎板间植骨促进融合,但针对后路寰枢椎侧块关节间松解与融合治疗复杂寰枢椎脱位的研究报道相对匮乏。目的:探讨单纯后路寰枢椎侧块关节间松解与融合治疗寰枢椎脱位的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2021年7月入组的30例寰枢椎脱位患者的临床资料,患者均为可复性寰枢椎脱位,均行后路寰枢椎侧块关节间松解与融合术治疗,术中应用专利器械松解寰枢侧块关节,应用后路螺钉复位固定并在侧块关节间隙植骨。术后随访6-24个月,平均(13.0±5.4)个月,随访期间复查颈椎MRI观察上颈椎减压情况,复查X射线片及CT观察上颈椎复位情况以及内固定有无松动、断裂,同时评估侧块间植骨融合情况。采用日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分评价脊髓功能的改善情况,颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)以及生活质量评分量表(SF-36)评估日常生活功能改善情况,测量寰齿前间隙、寰椎平面脊髓有效空间评估寰枢椎复位及减压情况。结果与结论:①30例患者手术顺利,术中未发生脊髓神经、椎动脉损伤等严重并发症,术后复查颈椎MRI显示脊髓压迫解除,X射线片及CT显示寰齿前间隙明显减小,寰椎平面脊髓有效空间明显增加,患者神经功能障碍症状明显减轻;②随访期间X射线片及CT显示内固定坚固,未出现断钉断棒,寰枢椎脱位无复发;③末次随访时患者JOA评分、颈椎功能障碍指数、生活质量评分较术前显著改善(P<0.05),末次随访JOA评分平均改善率为73.1%,平均颈椎功能受损指数为8.80%,所有患者寰枢椎侧块关节间均有连续骨痂连接,达到骨性融合;④结果表明:采用单纯后路寰枢椎侧块关节间松解与融合治疗寰枢椎脱位,可以显著提高融合率,缩短融合时间。

玉米根际多功能促生菌的筛选及其对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系产量提升效果

【目的】黄淮海平原小麦玉米生产区主要实行冬小麦-夏玉米轮作种植模式。砂质潮土是广泛分布于黄淮海地区的土壤,属性和衍生障碍较多,包括结构性较差、蓄水保肥能力较弱等。为了提高肥料利用率、改善土壤肥力,综合实现作物产量提升和品质优化,筛选了一株多功能促生菌,并在该轮作体系验证其广谱促生效应。【方法】从玉米根际砂质潮土中筛选多功能促生菌,测定其产吲哚乙酸(IAA)、溶有机磷、解钾能力。通过形态学、生理生化及16SrDNA序列分析方法对其种属进行鉴定。摇瓶条件下探究其产IAA的最适条件,通过玉米盆栽验证其促生能力,通过冬小麦-夏玉米大田试验验证其在轮作体系中的广谱性增产效果。【结果】(1)试验筛选得到一株命名为YM3的多功能根际促生菌枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),其产IAA能力达到59.21 mg/L、解有机磷能力达到0.72 mg/L、解钾能力达到18.56 mg/L。当装液量为25 mL/250 mL,pH 6-8范围内,分别以麦芽糖、蛋白胨为碳、氮源时,YM3产IAA能力最佳。(2)玉米盆栽试验结果可见,与接种灭活菌相比,接种YM3菌水剂的土壤IAA、速效磷、速效钾含量分别显著提高75.00%、48.66%、20.00%。玉米幼苗的根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、根分枝数分别显著增加67.95%、59.21%、51.13%、71.34%、92.06%。玉米植株的鲜重、株高、相对叶绿素含量、全氮、全磷、全钾分别显著提高了39.86%、23.51%、18.27%、17.68%、52.26%和36.53%。(3)小麦玉米轮作大田试验结果表明,接种YM3菌剂的小麦大田土壤有效氮、速效磷、速效钾分别显著增加了9.08%、13.78%、16.66%,增产率达到42.18%。玉米大田土壤速效磷和速效钾含量分别显著增加了19.18%和15.95%,增产率达到13.22%。【结论】筛选得到的枯草芽孢杆菌YM3菌株兼具产IAA、溶有机磷、解钾功能,在黄淮海平原小麦玉米轮作体系土壤中适应性强,广谱性强,能够提升砂质潮土土壤肥力,提高冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系的产量。

长期不同施肥和深翻对玉米高粱轮作体系作物钾利用及土壤钾形态的影响

【目的】研究长期施用化肥钾、秸秆还田、有机肥配施化肥钾结合秸秆还田及其深翻对玉米高粱轮作体系作物钾利用效率、土壤钾形态及非交换性钾释放的影响,为合理使用钾肥和提高钾养分资源高效利用提供理论依据。【方法】于2011—2022年在山西省晋中市进行长期定位试验,共设6个处理:不施肥(CK)、氮磷肥(NP)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)、秸秆还田结合有机肥(MS)、氮磷钾肥配施有机肥结合秸秆还田(NPKMS)、氮磷钾肥配施有机肥结合秸秆还田和深翻(NPKMSD),研究不同施肥处理对作物籽粒产量、地上部钾吸收量、钾利用效率、土壤钾形态和土壤非交换性钾释放特征的影响。【结果】与NP和NPK比较,MS、NPKMS和NPKMSD提高籽粒产量6%—8%,地上部钾吸收量提高22%—43%。NPKMS和NPKMSD处理钾素农学利用效率仅为NPK和MS的50%;施肥改变了土壤剖面钾形态,2022年收获后与CK、NP和NPK处理相比,MS、NPKMS和NPKMSD处理0—20 cm土层速效钾含量分别提高了2.2—2.8倍,缓效钾提高了8%—10%;与NPKMS比较,NPKMSD提高了20—40 cm土层速效钾含量。基于随机森林回归模型分析表明,0—20和20—40 cm土层的速效钾与缓效钾含量能解释地上部钾吸收量的64.1%,0—20 cm土层速效钾、缓效钾含量和20—40 cm土层的速效钾含量是影响植株钾吸收的关键因子。用氯化钙浸提时NPK、MS、NPKMS和NPKMSD处理0—20 cm土层非交换性钾累积释放量分别是NP的1.04、1.77、1.99和1.81倍,柠檬酸浸提时则分别为1.05、1.41、1.85和1.63倍。与NPKMS处理比较,NPKMSD处理20—40 cm土层柠檬酸浸提的非交换性钾累积释放量提高17.8%,而氯化钙浸提对其非交换性钾累积释放量没有显著影响。【结论】与施用相当量的化肥钾比较,秸秆还田和有机肥能明显活化土壤钾,提高土壤有效钾和缓效钾的含量,提高钾肥利用效率。化肥钾配施有机肥结合秸秆还田会造成作物钾奢侈吸收降低钾利用效率。深翻提高根层下土层速效钾含量但对产量影响不显著。秸秆还田和有机肥明显促进土壤非交换性钾的释放速率和累积释放量,长期秸秆还田结合适量有机肥能够替代化学钾肥。

pH-sensitive KHA/CMC-Fe^(3+)@CS hydrogel loading and the drug release properties of riboflavin

To improve drug utilization,reduce the drug administration frequency,increase the release time,and reduce the drug side effects in the human body,we prepared(KHA/CMC-Fe^(3+))@CS hydrogel spheres using green and natural potassium humate(KHA),carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),and chitosan(CS)as raw materials and Fe3+as a crosslinking agent,and loaded them with riboflavin for drug sustainedrelease study using the drop ball method.The tests with FTIR,SEM,TG,and X-ray diffractometer showed that the coordination among KHA,CMC,and Fe^(3+)formed a three-dimensional network structure,where cs was encapsulated on the surface of the hydrogel spheres via noncovalent bonding,resulting in good thermal stability.The stability,drug loading,swelling,and in vitro release of the(KHA/CMC-Fe^(3+))@CS hydrogel spheres were investigated.The results showed that the hydrogel spheres were significantly pH-sensitive,with 11.16 g/g higher swelling in an alkaline environment(pH=7.4)than that in an acidic environment(pH=1.2).The swelling and drug release process of the hydrogel spheres were analyzed using mathematical models,concluding that the hydrogel swelling follows Schott second-order swelling kinetics,and the drug release mechanism was Fickian delivery mode.

“双碳”目标下中国社会——生态复合系统碳氧平衡时空格局分析

在“双碳”战略目标下,如何同步实现“稳增长”和“碳减排”,成为中国推进可持续发展、生态保护和高质量发展并重的焦点问题。论文基于碳氧平衡系数测算分析我国社会—生态复合系统2000—2020年排碳耗氧量、固碳释氧量以及碳氧平衡状况的时空格局。结果表明:2000年我国碳氧处于平衡状态,社会生态系统处于良性循环,随后,随着经济快速发展,排碳耗氧量剧增,同时,土地利用变化剧烈,林地和草地面积减少,固碳释氧量下降,导致碳氧处于失衡状态。进一步的碳氧平衡省际分析可知,2020年我国省际碳氧平衡差异明显,东部和中部大多数省份社会—生态复合系统处于碳氧失衡状态。测算分析社会—生态复合系统碳氧平衡时空格局,可为土地利用结构优化配置及不同区域间生态补偿和碳排放交易提供指导。

北方4种抗旱造林树种光合特征及固碳释氧和增湿降温研究

为探究太行山旱瘠山地造林树种的光合、蒸腾耗水特性及生态效益,以北方常见抗旱造林树种山桃、山杏、黄栌和榆树4种苗木为试验材料,通过盆栽模拟,分析其净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度和胞间CO_(2)浓度日变化,并计算其固碳释氧和增湿降温生态效益。结果表明:(1)净光合速率和蒸腾速率日均值山杏最大,与其他树种均存在显著差异;水分利用效率山桃最好,与其他树种均存在显著差异;胞间CO_(2)浓度黄栌最大,4种树种不存在差异;气孔导度日均值排序为山桃>黄栌>榆树>山杏,且山桃与榆树、山杏之间存在显著差异。(2)4种树种的净光合速率与气孔导度、蒸腾速率呈极显著正相关;山桃、黄栌的净光合速率与环境CO_(2)浓度、大气温度呈显著正相关;山杏的净光合速率与大气湿度呈显著负相关。(3)单位叶面积的日固碳释氧量排序为山桃>榆树>黄栌>山杏,山桃与其他树种均存在显著差异;单位叶面积的增湿降温量排序为山桃>黄栌>山杏>榆树,山桃与其他树种的日蒸腾总量、增湿量、降温量差异均显著。综合看,山桃固碳释氧和增湿降温能力最强,其次为黄栌,试验结果可为当地生态建设中优先树种选择提供依据。

改良式左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统固定治疗子宫腺肌病

【目的】介绍改良式左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS)固定方法,探讨其在治疗既往曾发生LNGIUS脱落的子宫腺肌病患者中的作用。【方法】收集2022年6月至2023年6月因LNG-IUS脱落在3个医疗机构接受改良式LNG-IUS固定的22例子宫腺肌病患者的资料,分析患者的术前病例特征、术中术后并发症及术后LNG-IUS下移或脱落情况,比较术前、术后3月及术后6月患者痛经及月经量的变化。【结果】22例患者平均手术时间(19.51±7.41)min,术中出血(6.71±5.30)mL。13例患者在局部麻醉下进行,9例患者在静脉麻醉下进行。4例患者由住院医生完成,15例患者由主治医师完成,余3例由副主任及以上医师完成。所有患者未发生术中、术后并发症。平均随访时间11.51月,随访期间无患者再次发生LNG-IUS脱落。患者术后1月血红蛋白平均水平显著高于术前(P<0.001)。术后3月及术后6月疼痛评分及月经失血图评分均比术前显著改善(P<0.001)。【结论】改良式LNG-IUS固定是治疗既往发生LNG-IUS脱落的子宫腺肌病患者安全、有效的方法,可有效避免再次发生LNG-IUS脱落。改良式LNG-IUS固定操作简便,可在各级医疗机构中由各级医师施行,具有临床推广价值。