On the Performance of Active Analog Self-Interference Cancellation Techniques for Beyond 5G Systems

The in-band full-duplex(IBFD)mechanism is of interest in beyond 5 G systems due to its potential to enhance spectral efficiency and reduce delay.To achieve the maximum gain of IBFD systems,the significant self-interference(SI)must be efficiently suppressed.The challenges of wideband selfinterference cancellation(SIC)lie in the radio frequency(RF)domain,where the performance will be limited by the hardware.This paper reviews current RF cancellation mechanisms and investigates an efficient mechanism for future wideband systems with minimum complexity.The working principle and implementation details of multi-tap cancellers are first introduced,then an optical domain-based RF canceller is reviewed,and a novel low-cost design is proposed.To minimize the cost and complexity of the canceller,the minimum required number of taps are analyzed.Simulation results show that with the commonly used 12-bits analog-to-digital converter(ADC)at the receiver,the novel optical domain-based canceller can enable efficient SIC in the 3 GPP LTE specifications compatible system within 400 MHz bandwidth.

RF self-interference cancellation by using photonic technology [Invited]

Radio frequency(RF) self-interference is a key issue for the application of in-band full-duplex communication in beyond fifth generation and sixth generation communications.Compared with electronic technology, photonic technology has the advantages of wide bandwidth and high tuning precision, exhibiting great potential to realize high interference cancellation depth over broad band.In this paper, a comprehensive overview of photonic enabled RF self-interference cancellation(SIC)is presented.The operation principle of photonic RF SIC is introduced, and the advances in implementing photonic RF SIC according to the realization mechanism of phase reversal are summarized.For further realistic applications, the multipath RF SIC and the integrated photonic RF SIC are also surveyed.Finally, the challenges and opportunities of photonic RF SIC technology are discussed.

Adaptive digital self-interference cancellation based on fractional order LMS in LFMCW radar

Adaptive digital self-interference cancellation(ADSIC)is a significant method to suppress self-interference and improve the performance of the linear frequency modulated continuous wave(LFMCW)radar.Due to efficient implementation structure,the conventional method based on least mean square(LMS)is widely used,but its performance is not sufficient for LFMCW radar.To achieve a better self-interference cancellation(SIC)result and more optimal radar performance,we present an ADSIC method based on fractional order LMS(FOLMS),which utilizes the multi-path cancellation structure and adaptively updates the weight coefficients of the cancellation system.First,we derive the iterative expression of the weight coefficients by using the fractional order derivative and short-term memory principle.Then,to solve the problem that it is difficult to select the parameters of the proposed method due to the non-stationary characteristics of radar transmitted signals,we construct the performance evaluation model of LFMCW radar,and analyze the relationship between the mean square deviation and the parameters of FOLMS.Finally,the theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method has a better SIC performance than the conventional methods.

Polarization Oblique Projection Based Self-Interference Cancellation against PA Nonlinear Distortion in MIMO Full Duplex System

In MIMO full duplex system,power amplifier(PA) nonlinearity limits the self-interference(SI) cancellation seriously. Most existing methods need to model and estimate the PA nonlinearity in order to reconstruct the SI,however the estimation error caused by the mismatch between the estimated PA model and the actual PA property still impacts the cancellation ability,especially when the transmit power is high. In this paper we propose a polarization oblique projection based self-interference cancellation method which does not need to estimate the PA nonlinearity coefficients. It exploits the polarization state information of the signals which is immune to the PA nonlinearity,and establishes an oblique projection operator to cancel the SI. Numerical results and analysis demonstrate that it can cancel the nonlinear SI effectively. Moreover the signal to interfere plus noise ratio(SINR) and the achievable sum rate do not deteriorate when the transmit power is high. Further,the upper bound of the achievable sum rate can be more than twice that of the half duplex.

All-Digital Self-Interference Cancellation in Zero-IF Full-Duplex Transceivers

In this paper,a general scheme in digital self-interference cancellation at baseband for zero-IF full-duplex transceivers is presented. We model the self-interference signals specifically with only the nonlinear distortion signals falling in receiving band considered. A joint estimation algorithm is proposed for compensating the time delay and frequency offset taking into account the IQ amplitude and phase imbalances from mixers. The memory effect and nonlinear distortion are adaptively estimated by the de-correlated normalized least mean square(DNLMS) algorithm. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed self-interference cancellation scheme can efficiently compensate the self-interference and outperform the existing traditional solutions.

Full-duplex prototype based on joint passive and digital cancellation method

Recent research shows that it is possible to achieve the full-duplex system by cancelling strong self-interference signals, which can be divided into three classes respectively, i.e., passive cancellation, active cancellation and digital cancellation. This pa- per tries to achieve the full-duplex system without using active cancellation, thus a full-duplex system using a joint mechanism based on a novel passive cancellation method and a novel digital cancellation method is proposed. Therein, a good antenna place- ment guided by the theory of the antenna electromagnetic field for the passive cancellation is presented. For the proposed digital can- cellation method, unlike previous separate mechanisms, it is de- signed by using the recursive least square （RLS） algorithm jointly with passive cancellation. The self-interference channel state in- formation （CSI） is transferred as the input of digital cancellation to balance the performance and the complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed self-interference cancellation mechanism can achieve about 85 dB which is better than the previous re- search. Meanwhile, this design provides a better performance compared with half-duplex with both line-of-sight channel and non- line-of-sight channel.

Multitap RF Canceller with Single LMS Loop for Adaptive Co-Site Broadband Interference Cancellation

With the development of wireless communication technology,an urgent problem to be solved is co-site broadband interference on independent communication platforms such as satellites,space stations,aircrafts and ships.Also,the problem of strong selfinterference rejection should be solved in the co-time co-frequency full duplex mode which realizes spectrum multiplication in 5G communication technology.In the research of such interference rejection,interference cancellation technology has been applied.In order to reject multipath interference,multitap double LMS(Least Mean Square)loop interference cancellation system is often used for cancelling RF(Radio Frequency)domain interference cancelling.However,more taps will lead to a more complex structure of the cancellation system.A novel tap single LMS loop adaptive interference cancellation system was proposed to improve the system compactness and reduce the cost.In addition,a mathematical model was built for the proposed cancellation system,the correlation function of CP2FSK(Continuous Phase Binary Frequency Shift Keying)signal was derived,and the quantitative relationship was established between the correlation function and the interference signal bandwidth and tap delay differential.The steadystate weights and the expression of the average interference cancellation ratio(ICR)were deduced in the scenes of LOS(Line of Sight)interference with antenna swaying on an independent communication platform and indoor multipath interference.The quantitative relationship was deeply analyzed between the interference cancellation performance and the parameters such as antenna swing,LMS loop gain,and interference signal bandwidth,which was verified by simulation experiment.And the performance of the proposed interference cancellation system was compared with that of the traditional double LMS loop cancellation system.The results showed that the compact single LMS loop cancellation system can achieve an average interference rejection capability comparable to the double LMS loop cancellation system.

Polarization-based optimal detection scheme for digital self-interference cancellation in full-duplex system

In order to detect and cancel the self-interference(SI)signal from desired binary phase-shift keying(BPSK)signal,the polarization-based optimal detection(POD)scheme for cancellation of digital SI in a full-duplex(FD)system is proposed.The POD scheme exploits the polarization domain to isolate the desired signal from the SI signal and then cancel the SI to obtain the interference-free desired signal at the receiver.In FD communication,after antenna and analog cancellation,the receiver still contains residual SI due to non-linearities of hardware imperfections.In POD scheme,a likelihood ratio expression is obtained,which isolates and detects SI bits from the desired bits.After isolation of these signal points,the POD scheme cancels the residual SI.As compared to the conventional schemes,the proposed POD scheme gives significantly low bit error rate(BER),a clear constellation diagram to obtain the boundary between desired and SI signal points,and increases the receiver's SI cancellation performance in low signal to interference ratio(SIR)environment.

A Wire-Line Secure Communication System Based on CCFD Self-Interference Cancellation

This paper presents a design scheme of wire-line telephone system using self-interference(SI)cancellation technology in co-frequency co-time full-duplex(CCFD)system to realize absolute secure communication at the physical layer.This scheme can hide the target signal by skillfully releasing the high-power artificial noise to the whole link at the receiving node,and then make use of the receiver’s knowledge of the SI signal to achieve high dB SI cancellation with the help of analog domain SI cancellation technology in CCFD domain,so that the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)received by the eavesdropper at any position of the link is far lower than that of the legitimate receiver,so as to realize the absolutely secure communication in the sense of Wyner principle.This paper not only puts forward the specific design scheme of absolutely secure communication telephone,but also analyzes the calculation of security capacity under different eavesdropping positions,different SI cancellation capability and different system parameters according to Shannon theory.

跳频数据链干扰对消系统射频前端设计优化

干扰对消是主动方式的干扰管理方法,干扰对消的核心思想是利用干扰源来消除干扰,针对高速跳频系统抗干扰系统采用分离式方法设计干扰对消系统,需要定制化的射频前端设计。针对高速跳频系统抗干扰系统的抗干扰抑制需求,从信号取样、射频接入、对消方式和控制接口4个方面分析跳频数据链干扰对消系统的工作流程,设计主控天线前端电路的直通单元和射频前端,结合模数转换(analog-to-digital conversion,AD)底噪和干扰信号峰均比的影响,计算噪声功率密度和噪声功率,分析射频前端参数影响跳频数据链灵敏度和干扰对消能力上限的约束条件,最后给出射频前端系统增益和信号带宽参数影响跳频数据链干扰对消系统的优化分析。

Analysis of RF Feedback Chain Isolation in Wireless Co-Time Co-Frequency Full Duplex

By employing a radio frequency(RF) feedback chain, the self-interference can be canceled efficiently in co-time co-frequency full duplex(CCFD). However, the evitable signal crosstalk which is caused by the imperfect RF feedback chain isolation usually damages the self-interference cancelation(SIC) performance. To deal with this problem, firstly, we analyze the impact of RF feedback chain isolation on SIC performance. Then a digital preprocessing scheme with RF feedback chain is proposed in the multiple-antenna CCFD architecture. Using both analytical and experimental methods, we find that the proposed scheme achieves a better performance on SIC.

基于数字化设计仿真的射频干扰抵消SiP设计

随着无线电子系统朝着阵列化、微系统化、高频化等方向发展,系统调试难、失效、故障难以排除等问题逐渐凸显,基于“经验设计+后续调试”的传统设计方法已难以满足实际需求。基于机、电、热、磁等多学科数字化协同设计仿真能够对各设计阶段进行指导与验证,在提高设计效率的同时保证产品的性能指标,是微系统的主流设计方法。基于此,文中以射频干扰抵消SiP为例,详细介绍电、磁、热协同设计仿真的整个设计流程。实验表明,所提设计达到了预期目标,可为从事硬件电路设计者提供指导与参考。

机载射频传感器主动电磁兼容方法研究

机载射频传感器系统作战能力越来越高,而各传感器电子设备高度集成且在载机的有限空间安装。由于各传感器灵敏度高,发射功率大且发射频带宽,各电子设备内部及相互间的电磁传导、辐射等电磁兼容问题需要精心设计,电磁兼容措施有效性直接关系到机载传感器系统的研制成败。文章对传感器内部电磁兼容需求及设计进行了总结,重点针对传感器间同时发射接收的自适应对消主动电磁兼容技术进行了研究,采用基于动量梯度下降算法,综合当前梯度估计和历史估计实现梯度更新,提升了收敛速度,并实现对本机宽带发射信号优于55 dBc的对消比,实现传感器间发射和接收功能的真正同时工作,该技术可支持载机边探测、边攻击、边防御、边通信的能力,对机载射频传感器系统具有非常重要的意义。

多路延迟正交合成的多径信道射频干扰对消

该文针对单路延迟对消系统不能有效解决多径信道的超短波无线电台共址干扰消除问题,给出了等间隔多路延迟正交合成的射频干扰对消方案,进而提出了新的衰减系数求解方法。在设定时间延迟范围和参考信号路数基础上,该方法通过迭代加权实时有效估计多路参考信号的相关矩阵,接收信号与参考信号的相关向量,进而求解维纳霍夫方程得到各路衰减系数,有效抑制多径信道的自干扰,克服了已有方法需同时调节幅度和相位,以及相关向量和相关矩阵估计精度低的不足。另外,理论分析了衰减系数的求解过程,并推导了自干扰对消比的闭合表达式。分析和仿真结果表明,该方法在一定延迟误差情况下,可获得90 d B以上的对消比,比已有方法提高了约9 d B,有效解决了多径信道的射频干扰对消问题。

同时同频全双工LTE射频自干扰抑制能力分析及实验验证

同时同频全双工本地发射信号会对本地接收信号产生强自干扰,为了使信号能够通过射频接收通道及模数转换器件,需要在射频前端进行自干扰抑制。在自干扰为直射路径的条件下,该文采用直接射频耦合法,对长期演进(LTE)同时同频全双工自干扰抑制进行实验测试;分析推导了自干扰功率、带宽及线缆、幅度、相位调整误差对射频自干扰抑制能力的影响;得到了射频自干扰抑制能力的闭合表达式。分析表明对于20 MHz带宽,-10 dBm接收功率的LTE射频自干扰信号,理论上能抑制54 dB的射频自干扰,而实验测试结果表明能抑制51.2 dB。

同时同频全双工宽带射频自干扰抵消性能分析

针对同时同频全双工场景中,宽带射频自干扰抵消方案缺乏性能分析这一问题,以多抽头射频域自干扰抵消结构为基础,以最小化剩余自干扰信号功率为准则,讨论了该结构中各抽头参数的最优解,进而分析了可实现的最佳自干扰抑制效果。数值与仿真结果表明,多抽头射频域自干扰抵消结构最佳的自干扰抑制性能与自干扰信号带宽、载波频率以及抽头时延与自干扰信道多径时延之差有关。信号带宽越大,或抽头时延与自干扰信道多径时延之差越大,干扰抑制性能越差;干扰抑制效果随载波频率的增加近似呈周期性振荡。

衰减器误差对射频干扰对消系统的影响

射频干扰对消可有效抑制通信指挥车多部电台间互扰,但其性能受实际器件影响较大.针对该问题,分析了其关键的衰减器固有误差对射频干扰对消系统性能的影响.建立自适应反馈控制的正交合成干扰对消系统,分析衰减器的响应时间和精度误差等参数影响系统性能的内在机理,分别推导出了衰减器响应时间与系统收敛时间,以及衰减误差与对消比之间的闭合关系式.通过仿真验证了闭合关系式的正确性,对实际工程应用具有重要指导意义.

全双工通信射频域自干扰抑制量对数字域自干扰抑制能力的影响

同时同频全双工通信的射频域自干扰抑制量增加,导致数字域自干扰信号的信噪比下降,使得数字域自干扰抑制量减少。针对这一现实问题,该文分析了数字域自干扰抑制能力与射频域自干扰抑制量之间的量化关系,在典型数字域估计算法下,给出了具体关系的闭合解。分析与仿真结果表明,全双工通信在执行射频域联合数字域自干扰抑制时,射频域自干扰抑制的增大量总是大于数字域自干扰抑制能力的减小量,当射频域自干扰抑制较小时,数字域自干扰抑制将更有效;过大的射频域自干扰抑制量将造成数字域自干扰抑制性能的损失。

同时同频全双工射频快速自适应干扰抵消算法

在同时同频全双工收发信机中,考虑单径无线自干扰信道场景,提出了基于快速搜索思想的射频自适应干扰抵消算法。通过分析自干扰幅度估计误差、相位估计误差对射频自干扰抵消后剩余接收信号功率的影响,引出了射频域的快速自适应干扰抵消算法,并讨论了该算法的收敛性。分析与仿真表明,在同时同频全双工系统中,基于快速搜索的射频自适应干扰抵消算法可以有效实现射频域自干扰的抵消;与现有的射频自适应干扰抵消方法相比,其收敛时间减少了约60%。

基于LMS算法的FOD雷达射频泄露对消技术

针对机场跑道异物(FOD)探测系统中毫米波调频连续波(FMCW)雷达的射频泄漏问题,研究射频泄漏对消技术。分析了毫米波FMCW雷达中射频泄漏的产生原因,阐述了泄漏信号对FOD检测系统的影响。通过分析自适应滤波的原理,并结合毫米波FMCW雷达的特点,提出了一种基于最小均方误差(LMS)算法的自适应对消技术。仿真验证了该对消方案算法实现的可行性,同时分析了对消方案中数字信号处理(DSP)响应时间对FOD系统性能的影响。仿真实验结果表明,该对消系统的对消比可达到45 d B左右,可实现高精确度对消。